Aristophanes, "Tus Qav": cov ntsiab lus ntawm comedy, tsom xam thiab txheeb xyuas

Aristophanes - nto moo tshaj plaws ancient Greek playwright, hu ua nws ib tug zoo-deserved "leej txiv ntawm comedy." Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog ib yam ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws plays - "Qav". Xav txog nws txoj kev, ib tug nyuag tsom xam thiab qhia qhov kev txheeb xyuas kev nyeem ntawv.

prehistory

Muaj ib yam dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov keeb kwm ntawm ancient Greek comedy, Aristophanes sau. "Qav" (Txoj kev yuav nthuav hauv qab no), li ntawd, koj yuav tsum nyeem tom qab ib tug luv luv piav.

Nyob rau hauv Athens, nyob deb li peb paub rau tag nrho cov ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws sau ntawv ntawm tragedies: tus hlob ntawm lawv yog Aeschylus, medium - thiab yau Sophocles - Euripides. Yog li Aeschylus xam tau tias yog majestic thiab tsis muaj zog, Sophocles - harmonious thiab ntshiab, thiab Euripides - paradoxical thiab tense. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev sau ntawv comedy tag nrho playwrights twb tuag, thiab lub sib cav tswv yim tseem nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub contemporaries txog leej twg yog tus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nws lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no txiav txim siab mus qhia Aristophanes ( "Qav") nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si. Ntsiab lus, uas yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qab no, yuav ua kom nws ntshiab uas, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm comedy, qhov zoo tshaj plaws.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe

Qhov twg xws li ib tug coj txawv txawv lub npe ntawm cov kev ua si rau rau siab ua playwrights? Lub fact tias cov paab chorus tseem muaj comedy, Aristophanes xeeb, yog yuav tsum tau hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv lub costumes ntawm qav thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv nkauj tau croaking kab.

Tab sis cov no qav yog tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim, lawv muaj nyob tuag nyob rau hauv tus dej Styx, los ntawm cov uas kis tau tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv nws lub nkoj Charon.

Aristophanes, "Tus Qav": ib txoj kev. khi

Nyob rau hauv Athens, lub patron vaj tswv lub yeeb yam yog Dionysus. Thiab nws hais tias lub nroog tsis nyob twj ywm zoo thespians. Cov kev txhawj xeeb txog txoj hmoo ntawm cov ua yeeb yam, nws txiav txim siab mus sau mus rau Hades thiab coj tawm Euripides.

Dionysus tsis paub yuav ua li cas kom tau mus rau Hades, yog li ntawd nrhiav lub tswv yim ntawm Hercules, uas yog twb muaj. Nws hais tias nws yuav hla Charon, uas yog cia li tag nrho cov nra yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub puam. Tab sis Dionysus yuav tsis muab pov lawv cov khoom. Ces Vajtswv nws tus kheej tso cia nyob rau hauv lub nkoj thiab yog thauj mus rau sab tod los ntawm cov theem, thiab nws tus tub qhe nrog tej yam khiav ib ncig ntawm lub ntug. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam sab lawv pom.

Rooj vag rau Hades

Yeej nws muaj ib tug muaj zog mythological foundation comedy ntawm Aristophanes 'Qav "(ib lub ntsiab lus yog pov thawj).

Ntawm no Dionysus yog lub palace ntawm Hades, mus rau leej twg Aeacus tso. Nyob rau hauv lub myths xwb nws zoo nkaus li tus kws txiav txim ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv, thiab cov kev ua si depicts ib tug qhev-doorkeeper. Dionysus yog khob ntawm lub qhov rooj. EAA nug uas tuaj. Vajtswv, donning ib tug tsov ntxhuav daim tawv nqaij, hais tias Hercules. Gatekeeper hawv ua phem rau rub nws monsters, vim hais tias cov hero coj nws Cerberus.

Dionysos nyob rau hauv xav tias tsam lawv disguised raws li ib tug poj niam, thiab muab cov tawv nqaij ib tug qhev. Tab sis, ces muaj cov tub txib ntawm huab tais ntawm Hades thiab Hercules nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Mrs. quarters. Dionysus thiab nws tus tub qhe hnav li nyob rau hauv ib tug maj dua.

Aeacus rov qab los rau tus me nyuam. Nws zoo nyob rau hauv cov qhua thiab tsis tau paub tseeb tias yog leej twg yog tus tub qhe thiab leej twg yog tus tswv tsev. Nws txiav txim siab rau lash flogging ob - tus thawj los quaj, thiab yog ib tug qhev. Tab sis lub mus tom ntej tsis tuaj tawm. Ces Aeacus txiav txim siab mus coj kev npaj txhij txog qhua mus rau Hades, vaj tswv ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv tsi tawm uas yog leej twg.

paj huam Contest

Synopsis ( "Qav") ces yuav siv sij hawm ib tug txawv txawv tsos rau cov niaj hnub nyeem ntawv, vim hais tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov kev ua si yog tu ncua los ntawm lub paab chorus tseem, uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov song hais lus rau tam sim no tej teeb meem. Tom qab hais tias, cov zajlus txoj kev loj hlob yuav mus nyob rau.

Nws hloov tawm hais tias muaj yog kev sib tw ntawm cov paj huam nyob rau hauv lub ntiajteb sab hauv. Kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog Aeschylus, tab sis tam sim no nws lub npe disputes Euripides. Thiab Hades yuav appoint ib tug kws txiav txim plaub ntawm Dionysus sib txeeb. Nws pib lub match.

Tus thawj ua Euripides, Aeschylus, nws kaw rau hauv lub fact tias nws ua yog boring, to taub tsis tau lus. Thaum tus heev tib yam Euripides txhua yam yog yooj yim thiab meej, raws li nyob rau hauv lub neej. Aeschylus tus nrog sib ntaus kam hais tias lub ntsiab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog los qhia qhov tseeb thiab qhov zoo, thiab lub heroes ntawm Euripides depraved thiab vicious, yog li ntawd lawv yuav qhia zoo cov neeg tuaj saib? Raws li rau cov lus, lub siab xav thiab siab haum cov lus.

paj huam nyeem ntawv

Ib tug zoo kev txawj ntse ntawm mythology to taub cov khoom uas sau Aristophanes ( "Qav"). Ntsiab lus, kev nthuav qhia los yog tsom xam thiaj li tsis ua tsis muaj ib tug me me excursion mus rau hauv lub ancient Greek myths xwb.

Pib tom ntej no ib feem ntawm cov kev sib tw - lub paj huam nyeem lawv cov kwv huam. Tus thawj ua Aeschylus. Euripides ua rau nws sau ntawv hais tias, rau Piv txwv li, Orestes hauv lub qhov ntxa nws txiv thov Vajtswv rau "hnov thiab mloog," tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog tib yam nkaus. Nws soothes Dionysus - Orestes hais rau cov neeg tuag, thiab hais tias tab sis yog rov tso ib - tsis teb.

Ces mam li nyeem lawv tsim yaam tshab Euripides, thiab Aeschylus muaj niggles no - yog vim li cas tag nrho cov yeeb yam yuav pib nrog pedigrees. Knotted loj teeb meem uas yuav luag los txog rau blows. Tab sis lub sij hawm intervenes Dionysus. Vajtswv txiav txim siab tias cia paj huam hais ib nqe ntawm cov paj huam, thiab nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv scale ntsuas uas ib tug yog "hnyav dua". Euripides pib, tab sis nws ua hauj lwm yog cumbersome thiab ua tau txawv txawv. Aeschylus tseem thiab hais tias, harmonious thiab melodious txoj hlua. Dionysus mam li nco dheev thiaj hu nrov nrov hais tias "Aeschylus nyuab me ntsis."

sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no theem ntawm cov kev sib tw paj huam yuav tsum qhia lawv cov views rau cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Athens. Txawm li cas los, muaj paj huam rau lawv tus kheej. Dionysus nyob rau hauv tsis meej pem: uas yog yuav deb ntawm Hades nws tus kheej. Mam li nco dheev nws ua ib tug txiav txim siab thiab tshaj tawm tus khiav ntawm Aeschylus. Euripides outraged: tus vaj tswv tau cog lus tseg rau nws mus lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub teb, Dionysus raws li nws tus kheej cov kwv huam - "Tsis kuv, kuv tus nplaig tau cog lus tseg." Cov kws sau paj lug tseem kwv, thiab Vajtswv teb nrog lus los ntawm nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Euripides ntsiag to.

Dionysus thiab Aeschylus yuav rov qab. Hades nug kom lawv qhia ntau yam paub sages thiab politicians hais tias lawv twb tau tos rau nws. Nqe tshooj uake hu nkauj ntawm Athens thiab Aeschylus, lub unsurpassed tswv ntawm lo lus.

Yog li ntawd xaus lub comedy tias nws tau sau Aristophanes ( "Qav"). Synopsis rau tus nyeem ntawv lub chaw muag mis nyuj yuav tsum tau significantly txo, tsis txhob piav nyob rau hauv kom meej lub tsis sib haum nrog cov gatekeeper thiab squabble paj huam.

tsom xam ntawm

Lub comedy twb xub ua nyob rau hauv 405 BC. e. thiab nws twb zoo tau txais los ntawm lub Athenian pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no ua si yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm kev sau ntawv views ntawm tus sau. Comedy yog kom meej meej qhia tiv thaiv Euripides, uas zoo nkaus li effeminate, sentimental thiab antipatriotichnym. Rau hauv sib piv, nws stands Aeschylus - High kws sau paj lug uas nws cov kwv huam imbued nrog heroic Maral, sib sib zog nqus, loj thiab patriotic.

Lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog heev npaum li cas biased kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv uas Aristophanes pom nws tus kheej. "Qav" (ib lub ntsiab lus yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) tau sau los ntawm tus sau tom qab ib tug series ntawm nom tswv thiab cov tub rog failures ntawm Athens. Ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas rau lub yeej ntawm Aristophanes pom nyob rau hauv lub tshiab thiaj - kev cai ywj pheej, thiab cov uas embodies Euripides. Thaum Aeschylus yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm lub qub system. Txawm tias cov nom tswv orientation tsis txo nyob rau hauv ib tug parody ntawm cov khoom. Comedy yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov tsoos style ntawm buffoonery thiab jester.

Xyuas

Saum toj no, peb ib qho ntsiab lus ntawm cov comedies ntawm Aristophanes 'Qav' xyuas raws li peb sawv cev ntawm no. Yog li ntawd, txawm lub sij hawm uas tau dhau lawm txij thaum lub sau ntawv ntawm cov kev ua si, nws yog tseem nyeem thiab luag. Aristophanes Lom zem feem ntau kom meej tam sim no. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, kev txawj nyeem ntawv yuav nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ancient Greece yuav ua rau ib txhia tsis meej pem, tab sis tag nrho nws tsis tiv thaiv kom txhob enjoying cov khoom.