Anthropologists - nws ... Science Anthropology. notable anthropologists

Anthropology - exciting science uas tso cai rau ib tug neeg mus saib nyob rau ntawm lawv tus kheej yav dhau los thiab tam sim no theem ntawm evolution, raws li zoo raws li kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm txawv haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg. Yog vim li cas ua cov kws txawj yuav yeej tsis muaj heev zoo paub, tab sis nws yog heev tsim nyog ntawm cov xim. Peb ib tug saib ib co ntawm lawv.

Carlos Castaneda

Tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo American anthropologist. Carlos Castaneda - tsis yog ib tug paub txog, tab sis kuj yog ib tug txawj ntse txawj sau ntawv uas tsim tau ib tug chronicle ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub Indian neeb. Nws ua hauj lwm tsis tau ntaus nqi mus rau ib txog kev hom ntawv nyeem - ib tug thawj synthesis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, psychology, ethnography thiab mysticism. Ib txhia ntawm Castaneda tus txhais yog siv tam sim no tsis tsuas anthropologists - yog, piv txwv li, lub tswvyim ntawm "qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj chim" los yog "ua ke point". Carlos nws tus kheej twb inspired los ntawm cov writings ntawm Aldous Huxley, raws li zoo raws li dluab ntawm lub zos healers nyob rau hauv Lima, nyob qhov twg rau ib lub sij hawm nws tsev neeg nyob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws lub vajvoog muaj ib tug cus ciav kev sib tham ntawm cov tswv yim uas muaj ib tug tau ntawm programming kev npau suav. Nyob rau hauv 1959, Castaneda kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab nrog ib tug diploma kev puas siab ntsws, thiab nyob rau hauv 1960 nkag mus hauv lub University nrog ib tug loj nyob rau hauv anthropology, qhov twg ntau heev koom nyob rau hauv kev kawm nws nthuav haiv neeg. Kuv cov kwv tij mus Mexico, thiab Arizona. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Castaneda yog siv cov hallucinogenic nroj tsuag rau shamanic rituals Khab.

Ezhen Dyubua

Anthropologists twb feem ntau cov kws tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Yog li, lub Dutchman Ezhen Dyubua, uas tau los ua ib tug tho kev ntawm Pithecanthropus, yog ib tug tub rog kws kho mob. Nws yog nws leej twg pom tus pob txha taub hau tawg tsam ntawm lub ntsej muag lub cev pob txha thiab cov femurs hom, uas yuav tom qab yuav kawm raws li ib tug ntawm cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm tus txiv neej. Quest Pithecanthropus taug kev nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Java thiab Trinil, ua excavations nqa tawm nrog tau zoo sib xws, thiab nyob rau hauv Leiden, qhov twg archaeologists kuj muaj kev tswj kom nrhiav tau skeletons. Interestingly, lub daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tsis tau Dubois nyob ib ncig ntawm nws anthropologists. Nws ciali dhau txawv txawv thiab muaj teeb meem kev txiav txim siab. Paleoanthropology yog xwb nyob rau hauv nws kiag, thiab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus txiv neej tau raug insufficiently kawm. Lwm yam txawv qhov tseeb - Dubois tsom lub pob txha taub hau ntawm Fabkis tshwj xeeb, tab sis tom qab noj hmo, tsis nco qab nws lub hnab nrog rau cov uas nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub tsev noj mov. Qhov zoo ces, nws twb rov qab - txwv tsis pub ib qho tseem ceeb yam cuav tej zaum yuav poob.

Rudolf Virchow

Anthropology - qhov kev kawm ntawm tib neeg lub hauv paus pib, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub excavation thiab tsom xam ntawm pom qhov chaw ntawm skeletons thiab pob txha. Txhua lub tswv yim yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsuas yog ib tug xam, yog li qhov kev tshwm sim muaj peev xwm yuav unpredictable. Yog li, Rudolf Virchow famously tsis kam muab qhov lub hav zoov ntawm Pithecanthropus thiab Neanderthal, discrediting kev tshwm sim tau los ntawm lwm yam kev soj ntsuam. Qhov no ho pab cov kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm, albeit nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis zoo siab. Notable anthropologists tau yeej ib txwm mloog rau lub tswvyim ntawm lug txhawb cov miv, thiab lus hais ntawm Virchow yuav tsis mus unnoticed. Nws lam xav hais tias cov pob txha ntawm Neanderthal - tseem rickety thiab ib tug lub hlwb ruamqauj neeg. Pom muaj feem xyuam rau Pithecanthropus, nws pom lub cev pob txha ntawm ib tug gibbon. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov pob txha txiv neej tseem tau, tab sis txiav txim rau tej yam nyob rau lub pom cov pob txha yuav tsis yog vim muaj cov muaj hnub nyoog thiab pathological kev hloov. Nws tshuav nws tus cim Virchow thiab archeology. Pom de Sautuola qhov tsua nrog Paleolithic paintings nws hu ua ib tug txhob txwm ntawv cuav, uas tub ceevxwm txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub ancient monument ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv Spain rau ntau xyoo.

Gustav Koenigswald

Nws yog amazing kom paub txog yuav ua li cas me ntsis tej yam uas yuav tej zaum kuj yuav txaus siv nws los ua ib tug loj foundations anthropologists. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib tug fragment ntawm cov pob txha los yog cov hniav tsuas. Nws los ua lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tseeb scientific tej hauj lwm ntawm lub German tus paub txog Gustav Koenigswald. Nyob rau hauv cov hniav los ntawm Suav chemists khw thiab archaeological finds nyob rau hauv Java, nws tau piav Meganthropus thiab Pithecanthropus. Nws kev tshawb fawb, nws tau tob dua txoj kev tshawb no Ezhena Dyubua. Nyob rau hauv cov hniav ntawm tus kws khw muag khoom noj nyob rau hauv Hong Kong nws muaj peev xwm mus tsim kom muaj lub neej ntawm ib tug tshiab hom ntawm Peking txiv neej, tsis paub hais tias mus zaum ua ntej. Ntawm lwm yam, nws piav txog tus Ngandong hominids, yog active nyob rau hauv Java thiab South Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov neeg uas kuj kawm cov pob txha orang-utan.

Leakey tsev neeg

Tej zaum tib neeg anthropology yog tsis muaj ib tus paub txog, tab sis ib tug tag nrho dynasty ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Ib sab cov kwv tij thiab cov poj niam ntawm ib tug ntawm lawv, cov me nyuam thiab cov xeeb ntxwv - ib tug tsev neeg ntawm anthropologists uas kawm Kenyan fossils, seem ntawm apes thiab hominids nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa. Louis thiab Mary ua hauj lwm nyob Olduvai noj tsau hwv lawm, thiab Richard kawm lub pas dej Turkana. Nyob rau account ntawm tsev neeg Leakey piav qhia ntawm ntau hom raws li tib neeg pog koob yawg koob, thiab cov pob txha liab. Lub ntsiab nrhiav yog lub foundations ntawm Australopithecus nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa, raws li zoo raws li lub foundations ntawm "lub peev xwm cov neeg." Lawv tau ua ib qhov txuas ntawm archanthropines thiab Paranthropus boisei, ntxiv mus rau lub evolutionary saw.

Mikhail Gerasimov

Anthropologist, sculptor thiab archaeologist los ntawm Russia ua ib tug loj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm science. Nws txoj kev es ua ib tug neeg lub cev nws tseem siv lug hnub no. Twb tsug kaum peb lub xyoo Michael ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub anatomical tsev cia puav pheej, thiab 18 sau tau ib scientific tsab xov xwm txog cov Palaeolithic excavations. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, Gerasimov tau tsim ntau tshaj ob puas keeb kwm reconstructions portraits. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, anthropology - qhov kev kawm ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tab sis kuj cov kev cov tib neeg thiab lawv nta poob nyob rau hauv lub Scope ntawm nws cov kev txaus siab. Yog li ntawd, reconstruction ntawm cov tsos Ivana Groznogo, Yaroslava Mudrogo thiab Fridriha Shillera yog li ntawd tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tso cai rau koj los mus tsim cov dluab ntawm ancient cov neeg - Australopithecus, Pithecanthropus, Neanderthal. Mus pib yuav tus sau los ntawm luab khoom. Gerasimov muaj lawm proven ib tug ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pob txha qauv thiab nqaij mos rau lub hauv paus uas tsim reconstruction. Nws yog nthuav tias ib zaug lug txhawb cov miv txiav txim siab mus ntsuam xyuas Gerasimov thiab muab nws lub pob txha taub hau, tsis specifying rau leej twg nws belongs. Nws muaj kev tswj kom teem cov tsos Papuan, uas yog yuav luag zoo tib yam rau lub yees duab - lub pob txha taub hau twb coj thaum lub sij hawm tus ntoj ke mus Maclay.

Sergey Gorbenko

Raws li hais saum toj no, feem ntau anthropologists - yog cov kws kho mob, thiab hu ua lub Lavxias teb sab kws paub - yog tsis muaj exception. Gorbenko kawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj ntawm lub koom haum Maclay, uas qhia cov qauv ntawm cov reconstruction Gerasimov. Nws tiv thaiv nws PhD thesis rau lub reconstruction ntawm cov duab ntawm Yaroslav Osmomysl. Lub ntsiab tau ua yog qhov kev kawm ntawm heev heev portraits ntawm Fabkis medieval knights Vaj Ntxwv Louis XI, thiab lwm yam zoo-paub heroes ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm hais tias lub sij hawm. Thaum lub caij, nws koom nyob rau hauv anthropological kev tshawb fawb skulls los ntawm Cleary San Andre.