Anthracite (nyuaj thee): yam ntxwv thiab ntau lawm chaw

Anthracite yog ib yam ntawm cov high-zoo pob txha thee. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm theem ntawm cov metamorphism (degree ntawm khoom mineral thiab structural kev hloov).

Raws li nrog rau lwm yam tsuas, Anthracite - thee tsim dua ntau txhiab xyoo los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas twb tsis muaj oxygen nyob rau hauv cov av khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Rau ib tug tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog kev kawm mus rau cov txheej txheem ntawm coalification thiab humification. Qhov no yog lub tsim ntawm hais tias substance. Carbon tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm cov lus ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb cov pa roj carbon - carbon. Nws yog ib tug txhim khu kev qha qhov tseeb. Anthracite thee yog lub zoo saib. Nws tseem hu ua ib tug carbuncle.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm Anthracite

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ntau ntau kev xaiv. Namely, lub xub ntiag ntawm:

• nyeem dub los yog dub thiab grey;
• siab gloss;
• siab calorific hwj chim;
• ntau yam pauv loj hluav taws xob conductivity;
• siab hardness thiab ceev.

Nta ntawm tsim ntawm cov pob txha

Qhov no yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account ob peb dab. Anthracite yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug txiav txim. Thawj tsim peat, thiab ces Charcoal xim av hom. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tej yam muab cov pob txha raug nyiaj mus rau lwm lub substance. Namely, nyob rau hauv lub thee thiab Anthracite. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev hloov txuas mus rau graphite.

Nta Anthracite (thee) ntawm ib tug tob ntawm txog 6 km. Qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov kev pab yog feem ntau nws tus kheej-duab cov ntaub ntawv, yus muaj los ntawm ib yam ntawm cov hloov ntawm cov kaub puab. Yeej nws spurs.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws deposits ntawm Anthracite thee phiab nyob hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Donetsk cheeb tsam.

Anthracite Thee: Khoom Feature

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ntau ntau yam kev nuances. Anthracite (Greek anthrakitis.) - nws yog ib lub humus fossil thee. Nws muaj ib tug ntau dua degree ntawm metamorphism. Thaum saib nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob qhia tau hais tias cov nroj tsuag tseem tsis txawv. Anthracite - thee muaj ib tug dub xim, feem ntau nrog rau ib tug grayish tinge. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv nws cov xim thiab mottled discolouration. Nws muab nws ib tug velvety dub kab rau ib tug iav phaj. Tsis tas li ntawd Anthracite (thee) yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug muaj zog nws yog xim hlau ci. Nws muaj ib tug high viscosity, tsis ci, muaj ib tug zoo hluav taws xob conductivity. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hardness Mohs scale - 2.0-2.5, cov organic loj ceev - 1500-1700 kg / m3. Lub tshav kub ntawm combustion - 33,9-34,8 MJ / kg (8100-8350 kcal / kg). Nws muaj ib tug analytical tsawg humidity - 1-3% thiab muaj goryucheobraznoy hnyav rau 9% ntawm ib lub volatile hom tshuaj, 93,5-97,0% carbon, 3.1% hydrogen, oxygen thiab nitrogen 1.5-2.0%. Nws yog ib tug meej tseeb. Qhov no cov pob txha, uas muaj cov pa roj carbon nyob rau hauv cov roj loj ntau dua li 97% yog hu ua superantratsitom. Los ntawm volume tawm los cov khoom ntawm volatile tshuaj yog muab faib ua ob industrial hom. Namely, nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm 220-330 l / kg - poluantratsity nws, thiab nrog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub volumetric tso zis tsawg tshaj li 220 l / kg - Anthracite.

Qhov zoo ntawm hais tias cov pob txha

Cov khoom no yog lub high-quality views ntawm rho thee. Nws yog ho txawv los ntawm lwm yam hom, raws li muaj nram qab no tsis:

• Lub siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsau cov pa roj carbon. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog 94-99%.
• Qhov tsawg leej faj cov ntsiab lus.
• High kev tshav kub ntawm combustion.
• Qhov tsawg noo noo cov ntsiab lus.
• Burns tsis haus luam yeeb thiab nplaim taws.
• Sai sai hlawv.
• Cov kev kub ceev ntawm cov organic loj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, 1500-1700 kilograms ib square meter.
• Cov qhia tawm ntawm Anthracite thee - 1.5-1.7.
• Lub siab hluav taws xob conductivity.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd Anthracite thee uas nws yees duab muab no, thaum lub sij hawm combustion yog tsis sintered. Nws hardness rau lub Mohs scale theem - 2.0-2.5. Lwm tseem ceeb kom zoo dua yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm lub Anthracite yog faib los tsuas 5% volatiles.

Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm cov pob txha calorific zoo superior mus rau lwm yam thee, namely 8.200 kilocalories ib kilogram. Los ntawm kev sib piv, nyob rau hauv cov roj cua kub muaj nqis - 7000 kcal / kg.

Uas hom ib tug muab subdivided fossil

Anthracite Thee yog siab khoom. Qhov no twb tau sib tham yav tas los. Qhov no thiab ob peb lwm yam ntxwv ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim nws teb ntawm kev siv. Raws li xws loj cov hoob kawm klassifitsirutsya fossil thee Anthracite (GOST 19242-73). Sib cais yog nqa tawm los ntawm loj zauv feem ntawm cov khoom. Namely:

• "AKO" - Anthracite nrig noob txiv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ntes feem muaj ib tug loj ntawm 26-100 hli.
• "AK" - ib tug loj Anthracite thee nrig. Qhov no muaj xws li cov feem loj ntawm 50-100 hli.
• "AO" - qib thee, Anthracite Walnut. Loj zauv feem ntawm 26-50 hli.
• "AM" yog ib tug zoo Anthracite. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub feem - 13-25 hli.
• "AS" - qib thee, Anthracite noob. Cov no muaj xws fractions muaj ib tug loj ntawm 6-13 hli.
• "Ashlam" - Anthracite slurry. Nws yog ib tug thawj cov khoom ntawm thee ntxuav.
• "AL" - Anthracite Duff. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus feem yog tsawg tshaj li 6 hli.

Yuav ua raws li Anthracite extraction yog ua nyob rau hauv lub duas paub shafts. Lawv muaj ib tug tob ntawm txog li 1500 m. Cov thee no ces noj los ntawm lub mines mus rau lub qhauj rau lub ua. Nws muaj nws nqa tawm kev kawm ntxiv thiab sorting los ntawm cov zauv feem. Tom qab no, cov thee hauv hnab (Anthracite) nkag mus rau ntau yam kev pab.

Yuav ua raws li ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tswv cuab (AP), thiab nyob rau hauv tus nplua nuj concentrated. Hais tias cov pob txha nyob rau hauv lub trademarks "AM" thiab "AKO" lub zog yog zoo tib yam. Txawm tias lub resistivity ntawm thee me me hom muaj ib tug ntau dua.

Kev siv cov Anthracite

Cov khoom no yog heev nrov. Anthracite - nws yog lub feem ntau tuab daim ntawv ntawm thee. Qhov no tso cai rau nws mus nyob thawj txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev thiab combustion lub sij hawm. Yog hais tias koj yuav Anthracite (thee) rau cov cua kub, koj yuav tau nws ib tug ntau tsawg los ua cua sov rau hauv tib lub cheeb tsam tshaj yog hais tias koj siv ib tug zoo xws li cov khoom ntawm lwm hom los yog ntoo. Txawm tias tag nrho cov zoo ntawm no cov pob txha, nws tam sim no thiab cons. Nrog ib tug loj ceev, nws muaj peev xwm mus flare li yog tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm boilers thiab furnaces. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub. Rau zoo combustion Anthracite xav tau ib tug zoo mov ntawm huab cua. Mas nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub hom khoom roj boilers yog yuav tsum. Yuav kom ib tug lesser ceev ntawm thee hom xws li: long-nplaim taws thee thiab caking.

Anthracite, ua tsaug rau nws cov calorific qualities, superior rau lwm analogues. Qhov no parameter yog 8200 kcal / kg. Piv txwv li, tej yam ntuj tso hom roj - 7000 kcal / kg. Anthracite - thee, uas yog tus yam tag nrho nws cov phooj ywg. Nws volatiles thaum lub sij hawm lub combustion yog faib los tsuas 5%. Anthracite yog siv nyob rau hauv txawv spheres ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Namely, nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm muaj hom (Science News for KIDS, metallurgy, qab zib kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam) nyob rau hauv ib tug communal cheeb tsam (cua sov dej, cua kub thiab thiaj li nyob). Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog siv rau cua sov private tsev neeg. Ntau ntawm no cov pob txha tsim filtrants uas yog siv rau tu drains, dej thiab thiaj li nyob.

Anthracite nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob hwj chim kev lag luam

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, siv cov hais tias cov khoom no yog tseem ceeb heev. Kuaj los ntawm Anthracite, nyob rau hauv uas lub siab tshauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0-13 chav kawm ntawv, yog lug siv raws li roj rau hauv hwj chim tiam. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam, qhov no cov pob txha yog siv vim hais tias ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj volatile cov ntsiab lus. Cov hluav taws xob hwj chim yog siv rau cov combustion ntawm Anthracite tshwj xeeb cov khoom.

Mus rau pulverized khoom ntawm lub combustion cub tawg tseem yuav tsum tau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim. Lawv configuration yog es peculiar. Nws yuav tsum tau muab ua kom tiav combustion ntawm hais tias cov pob txha ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb combustion tsam.

Thee nrog me me fractions, raws li zoo raws li ib tug uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov leej faj, nitrogen thiab phosphorus siv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kettles uas yog tsim los rau qhov no. Lwm siv hais tias cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug me me luaj li cas cub tawg MAAs hom.

Anthracite nyob rau hauv metallurgy

Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, qhov no cov pob txha kuj pom nws daim ntawv thov. Anthracite yog siv nyob rau hauv metallurgy sintering hlau thiab limestone. Sau electrosteel thiab zoo dab tsis pub kom tswj tau tus xov tooj ntawm teeb meem tshuaj ntiab tawm mus rau hauv cov cua. Yog li ntawd, cov kev siv ntawm hais tias lub neej ntawd siab roj ua rau yus ntau tus phooj ywg environmentally metallurgical dab.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no me me cov pob txha uas siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm high-carbon steels tsim ob carburization. Nyob rau hauv lub moj tej tawg rauv taws nte, muaj ib tug PCI system (tshuab ntawm cov pulverized roj) kuj yuav siv tau Anthracite. Ntawm no yog cov ntsiab qhia ntawm humidity ntawm thee, uas yog nkag.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, hais tias roj yuav txhaj mus rau hauv lub moj tej tawg cub tawg culm. Zoo li cov technology yog siv zoo heev lub teb chaws ntawm Western teb chaws Europe thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia - Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Kauslim Teb. Nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Ukraine, qhov no txoj kev yog muaj nyob rau hauv tej chaw.

Nyob rau hauv lub metallurgical kev lag luam thee kuj yog siv raws li hlau kom txhob muaj neeg saib xyuas.

Anthracite - sorbents

Nws yog tseem yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov pheej tiam sis nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm no cov pob txha. Anthracite yuav siv tau rau purifying cov dej haus thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lim thiab yuav yooj yim hloov cov tshuab txais charcoal. Qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb tshaj.

Lwm high-carbon ntaub ntawv

Thee lag luam feeb muab faib ua ob feem. Hauv qab no yog meant lub hwj chim thiab coke lawm. Nqe ncauj ke rau cov khoom yog nyob ntawm seb ya thiab lwm yam. Thiab feem ntau lawv yog cov sib txawv.

Anthracite yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom, ntse tam sim no nyob rau hauv ob theem. Dhau li ntawd, nws tseem occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tshwj xeeb kev ua lag luam uas muaj kev siv. Nqe puab rau zoo xws li cov khoom nyob rau hauv sib txawv theem tej zaum yuav txawv, uas yog, nyob rau hauv no hwm no muaj yog ib tug redistribution. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm ib ntu ntawm lub zog thee ntog, ces lwm nws feem ntau yog hlob.

Anthracite ntse sib tw nrog graphite, hluav ncaig, roj av coke. Lub amplitude ntawm tus nqi rau lawv vim hais tias ntawm qhov no yuav yog nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm hluav taws xob, hlau cov khoom thiab hais txog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj nco ntsoov. Saum toj no tag nrho, tus nqi ntawm Anthracite yuav cuam tshuam dab tsi rau hauv lub zwj ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Txawm li cas los, ntau lub xyoo caum kawg yog hnov qhov muaj zog ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

xaus

Raws li cov ntsiab ntawm cov saum toj no, nws yuav tau hais tias Thee Anthracite yog lub feem ntau saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov zaub mov. Nws muaj ib theem siab ntawm net zog zis zoo thaum generating hluav taws xob thiab kub nyob rau hauv high school kub rau cov muaj dab ntau lawm. Nws thov nyob rau hauv cov kev lag luam rau zus tau tej cov tshuaj thiab yog tus pheej yig. Thaum niaj hnub science thiab technology yuav tsis tau kiag li hloov nyob rau hauv lub Anthracite kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb qhov tseeb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub nyob ze yav tom ntej yuav tsum yog ib tug continuation ntawm intensive extraction ntawm Anthracite thiab bituminous thee.