Yuav ua li cas yog lub cheeb feature? Thaj khoom: npe

Yuav ua li cas yog lub cheeb feature? Peb xav txog xws li ib tug dawb-sawv roob, hiav txwv chaw nres nkoj los yog lub nroog loj? Ib tug tag nrho sab av loj? Wb sim nrog no qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub cheeb feature: txhais thiab piv txwv

Geography - lub science uas kawm rau lub ntiaj teb nto thiab tag nrho cov uas nyob rau ntawd yog. Ib tug ntau ntawm tej yam uas nyob muaj: dej thiab pas dej, roob thiab cov hiav txwv, farmland thiab mob rocky canyons, lub zos thiab me me lub zos ... Nws yog ib cov khoom thiab muab ib tug tshwj xeeb, unmistakable lub ntsej muag ntawm peb ntiaj chaw.

Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov thaj chaw? Qhov no ua tau tshwm sim thiab yog tus ruaj khov lub caij ntiaj teb nto. Tag nrho cov geographic khoom txawv sam xeeb, thaj chaw thiab muaj lawv txwv. Yog li lawv cov genesis (keeb kwm) yuav ua tau heev ntau yam.

Science geography, kawm tag nrho cov khoom, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, yog yuam ua hauj lwm, los teb ob lub ntsiab lus nug:

• Qhov twg yog qhov khoom?
• Yuav ua li cas puas tau nws zoo li cas?

Cov duab ntawm ib tug geographic feature yog qho tseem ceeb heev. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nws tsim heev ci. Piv txwv li, thaum xa mus rau lub Roman Colosseum, los yog tus naas ej Iyiv pyramids nyob rau hauv kuv lub taub hau ib zaug muaj ib tug coj "duab".

Ntau hom thaj khoom

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm keeb kwm, tag nrho cov geographic yam khoom yuav raug muab faib ua ob yam loj xws li:

1. Ntuj (seas, dej hiav txwv, roob ranges, pas dej, tej qhov tsua, forests, pob zeb, springs, etc.).
2. Tus txiv neej-ua los yog txiv neej-ua (lub teb chaws, lub zos, lub zos, factories, monasteries, chaw ua si, ports, railway noj, thiab lwm yam).

Tej thaj feature ua zoo zoo thiab piav nyob rau hauv kom meej, kev txiav txim nws cov yam ntxwv zog, raws li zoo raws li ntsuas nws tsis. Piv txwv li, los mus txiav txim lub peaks ntawm lawv qhov siab, rau tus dej ntws - ntev rau tshav dav hlau - cov neeg nrog caij, thiab lwm yam

Yuav ua li cas yog lub cheeb feature? Koj muaj peev xwm muab lwm txhais - ib tug yooj yim, tab sis muaj tseeb txaus. Geographic nta - nws yog ib yam dab tsi uas yuav txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv maps thiab cov kev npaj ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Yuav ua li cas yuav no yuav ua li cas?

Geographic nta rau hauv daim ntawv qhia

Ntau yam khoom rau maps thiab lub hom phiaj yog tso tawm kom pom siv tshwj xeeb cim. Qhov no system yog qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim graphic cim thiab nrhiav, uas tso cai rau muab qhov zoo thiab ntau yam ntxwv ntawm tej yam khoom los yog tshwm sim.

Tag nrho cartographic cov cim no yeej muab faib ua plaub hom:

• scale los yog areal (nkhaus pas dej, hav zoov, liaj teb thiab li ntawd.);
• scaleless los yog taw tes (fais fab nroj tsuag, mineral qhov chaw, orthodox lub tuam tsev, thiab lwm yam);
• linear (dej ntws, canals, kev loj, ciam teb chaw, thiab lwm yam);
• explanatory (ntau hais lus thiab hais txog zauv inscriptions).

Koom Haum Niam maps mus depict ib contour nrog - nyias xim av kab txuas cov ntsiab lus nrog cov tib qhov siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Sub thiab cim tshwj xeeb taw qhia ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los yog socio-economic phenomena, xws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm maritime thauj.

Cov npe ntawm thaj khoom

Txhua yam khoom nws muaj nws "lub npe." Thiab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog tsis random. Thaj npe feem ntau yog txuam nrog nws cov nta, chaw nyob los yog keeb kwm.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, lub ntsiab lus thiab kev loj hlob (hloov) thaj npe tau ib daim science - qhov chaw cov npe. Qhov no yog ib tug scientific kev qhuab qhia ntawm cov kev tshuam ntawm geography, keeb kwm thiab kev kawm yam lus. Qhov tseeb lub npe ntawm ib tug geographic kwv yog tseem ceeb heev rau cartographers.

Muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm thaj npe: hydronyms (npe ntawm cov dej ntws thiab pas dej), kev sib hais haum lub npe (cov npe ntawm cov koom), oronyms (lub npe landforms), godonimy (txoj kev lub npe), thiab lwm yam