Yuav ua li cas ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Russia? Yuav ua li cas ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia?

Lavxias teb sab Federation yog theej nyuab administrative-hwv kev teeb tsa. Qhov no yog vim lub cheeb tsam lossis loj thiab multi-ethnic population, uas muaj, muaj 180 cov neeg. Cov no muaj xws ob hauv paus txawm (autochthonous, Aborigines, natives) haiv neeg, thiab neeg txawv teb chaws uas tuaj rau lub teb chaws tshiab nrog ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub hwv es rov ntawm lub teb chaws no heev los ntawm cov muaj thiab economic kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug xov tooj dag chaw, lub foundations ntawm cov tshiab deposits thiab ntau lwm yam tseem ceeb.

Cov ua rau division

Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ntau thaj tsam nyob rau hauv Russia, koj yuav tsum xav txog tag nrho cov tsoom fwv teb chaws cov qauv ntawm lub teb chaws, vim li cas yog nws tsis tsuas muaj rau tej thaj chaw, los yog vim li cas lawv yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ua ke nrog rau lwm cov hwv units.

Feem expanses ntawm Russia assumed tus ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub regional division. Muaj ntau yam feem xyuam rau txoj kev tsim tsa ntawm administrative, hwv thiab zog cov chaw, feem ntau haiv neeg, economic, kev nom kev tswv. Feem ntau cov yam ntxwv division ntawm lub teb chaws yog dictated los ntawm cov kev txhim kho ntawm lub system ntawm tsoom fwv hauv zos. Muaj yog ib tug unitary lub xeev, federation, confederation (union ntawm lub xeev). Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev pom tsoom fwv teb chaws cov qauv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation - cov creation ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej yam kev mob rau muaj kev vam meej nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug neeg cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Ntau yaam kws tsuas yog Fabkis

Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas npaum li cas nyob rau hauv Russia, koj muaj peev xwm teb hauv lub cheeb tsam raws li nram no: Cov Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 85 yam kev kawm (6 hom), 46 ntawm lawv yog hu ua puav, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog 1 autonomous cheeb tsam, 22 republics, 9 territories, 3 txoj tsoom fwv teb chaws thiab 4 autonomous cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub 9 tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv. Tam sim no rau tag nrho cov lam nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj kev nkag siab yog tsis sib txawv heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Cov cheeb tsam feem ntau

Nws twb qhia saum toj no, ntau thaj tsam nyob rau hauv Russia. Lawv 46. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union thiab lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub lawv feem ntau yog raug xa mus rau tus tshiab annexed av. Lub npe yog ntawm ib tug ib ntus xwm thiab nyob rau hauv muaj kev txhawj xeeb chaw ib txwm muaj tau rog uas muaj cov hwv units nyob tsuas yog nyob rau ciam teb cheeb tsam teb chaws Ottoman.

Yuav ua li cas ntau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Russia yog ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig? Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias raws li ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws twb ces Finland thiab Poland. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tshwj tsis yog rau lub xeev nyob rau hauv Russia muaj 22 cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union muaj 86 (nrog rau tag nrho lub teb chaws). Nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas ntau thaj tsam nyob rau hauv Russia, yog hais tias peb muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab, Soviet Russia, yuav teb - muaj 35.

Nruam txheej txheem hwv qauv

Hwv units txhua lub sij hawm tau hloov zuj zuj, abolished lub xeev, qhia cov governorship thiab vice versa. tus txheej txheem kuj yog tshwj xeeb yog active kev loj hlob txoj cai tom qab 1917. Txij li thaum lub restructuring ntawm tus thawj tswj-hwv qauv ntawm lub xeev yog tsis tso tseg. Xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv uas yuav ntxiv dag zog rau tsoom fwv teb chaws tsoom fwv los mus muab ntau txoj kev ywj pheej thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub zos cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntxiv dag zog rau lub teb chaws tus ntseeg. Feem ntau ntawm cov tau piav hwv units nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm peb lub teb chaws, tab sis cov biggest cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia - Tyumen - nyob rau hauv Siberia. Loj hwv units ntawm lub hom - Arkhangelsk, Irkutsk, Amur cheeb tsam.

autonomous cheeb tsam

Tus thawj autonomous cheeb tsam rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub RSFSR ib thaj tsam, ces nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union muaj ob peb. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam Lavxias teb sab siv yooj yim cheeb tsam? Lub ib tug thiab xwb Jewish siv yooj yim Region nrog lub peev Birobidzhan tsim nyob rau hauv 1934. Territory nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws tau muab rau moog neeg, uas yeej tsis tau ua los rau feem ntau cov pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Tom qab tus khiav dim ntawm cov neeg Yudais uas nyob hauv Ixayees tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib feem pua nyob rau hauv lub autonomy. Cov lus nug txog lub abolition ntawm cheeb tsam no thiab accession rau hauv ib ncig ntawm ib yam ntawm cov Amur cheeb tsam, los yog mus rau lub Khabarovsk Territory. Tab sis cov seem me me ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem koom protested tiv thaiv qhov kev txiav txim. Cov lus nug no yog nyob rau hauv saib xyuas, qhia tias tus txheej txheem ntawm hwv es rov ntawm lub teb chaws mus.

Daim ntawv teev cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia yuav sawv cev los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tsev kawm ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tom qab lub annexation ntawm Crimea yog 9. Lawv raug tsim nyob rau hauv 2000 thiab yog tsis kawm ntawm lub federation. Lawv yog cov uas zoo sib xws rau cov tub rog ntawv.

Thaj av thiab koog tsev kawm ntawv

Nyob rau hauv lub Central tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj 16 cheeb tsam. Northwest division muaj ib tug tswv cuab ntawm 7 cov cheeb tsam ntawm no hom. Tag nrho peb qhov chaw ntawm lub 46 mus rau lub South unification. Nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus thiab tshiab khiv ntxiv Crimean Federal District yog tsis muaj nyob rau tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Privolzhskoye tsev muaj 8 cheeb tsam. Ural ceg mus rau 4 structural units ntawm no hom. Rau cov Siberian Federal District yog 5 qhov chaw. Sakhalin, Magadan thiab Amur - nyob rau hauv tag nrho peb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub loj heev ib ncig ntawm lub Far Eastern Federal District. Tab sis nws yog heev loj administrative units.

Thaj chaw, raws li zoo raws li lub npoo tsis tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub lwm cov cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov cai. Ntug ua ntej lawm meant rau ib qhov chaw loj, tab sis tam sim no ib co ntawm cov loj tej chaw, xws li Chelyabinsk, Leningrad, ntau tshaj lawv loj. Lub tsuas tseem ceeb sib txawv - cov prerequisites tshwm sim. Koom pheej raws ntawm ob leeg nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj nws tus kheej cov kevcai tswj, hais lus, ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub zos cov kev cai thiab tsim nyog tau.

Lub sij hawm muaj ob peb txhais - nws yog ib qho chaw nyob qhov twg txhua yam uas yog los yog hom ib tug tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, mob nyob rau hauv lub plawv, los yog lub cheeb tsam ntawm permafrost, los yog ntshav siab. Lub cheeb tsam no yog hu ua kev tswj-hwv chav tsev ntawm lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej zaum nws yuav muaj ib co chaw, ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, piv txwv li, lub cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Urals.