Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kev nyuaj siab: txoj kev thiab cov cuab yeej

Koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas kom txo tau qhov voltage nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court los mus tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau hluav taws xob khoom siv. Sawv daws yeej paub hais tias cov tsev haum ob nyob ntawm tej - thiab pes tsawg theem. Qhov no yog hu ua ib tug tib theem network. Peb-theem tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv lub private sector thiab multi-tsev neeg lub tsev. Qhov yuav tsum tau rau nws ua li cas, vim hais tias tag nrho cov khoom siv powered los ntawm ib tug AC ib leeg-theem tam sim no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej technology yog yuav tsum tau ua lub hloov dua siab tshiab - kom txo tau AC voltage, hloov nws mus rau hauv ib tug mus tas, hloov cov amplitude thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Nws yog tej lub sij hawm thiab koj yuav tsum xav txog.

Txo voltage siv transformers

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev - yog siv ib tug uas tsis muaj voltage transformer uas ua rau cov hloov dua siab tshiab. Lub hom winding muaj ib tug ntau dua tus naj npawb ntawm lem tshaj ob. Yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau txo lub voltage ob zaug los peb zaug, thiab ob kauj yuav siv tsis tau. Lub transformer thawj Winding yog siv raws li ib tug inductive divider (yog tias muaj khoov rau ob sab los ntawm nws). Nyob rau hauv tsev neeg cov khoom siv transformers siv, nrog rau cov theem nrab windings yog de-energized 5, 12 los sis 24 volts.

Qhov no yog feem ntau siv qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub khoom vaj khoom tsev. 20-30 xyoos dhau los feem ntau ntawm cov khoom mov voltage ntawm 9 volt. Ib tug raj televisions thiab amplifier yuav tsum tau ib qhov voltage ntawm 150-250 V thiab AC rau 6.3 filaments (ib co teeb noj los ntawm 12.6). Yog li ntawd, lub transformer theem nrab winding muaj tib tooj lem li tus thawj. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv tshuab, yog nce siv inverter fais fab mov (raws li nyob rau hauv computer fais fab mov), lawv tsim muaj xws li step-hom transformer, nws muaj heev me me qhov ntev.

Ib tug voltage divider thoob plaws lub inductor

Inductance - ib tug kauj mob tooj liab (feem ntau yog) rau ib tug hlau hlau los yog ib tug ferromagnetic tub ntxhais. Transformer - yog ib hom ntawm inductor. Yog hais tias los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm cov thawj winding mus ua ib tug ntsoos ntsoos, nws yuav ua ncaj rau cov voltage nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab cov huab cov lus xaus. Thiab nws yuav ua ncaj rau ib nrab ntawm cov mov voltage. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog hais tias tus transformer nws tus kheej no yog tsim los ua hauj lwm nrog no xyov mov voltage.

Tab sis koj muaj peev xwm siv ob peb coils (piv txwv li, coj ob tug), mus cuag lawv nyob rau hauv series thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub AC network. Paub qhov inductance nqi, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los mus ua kom lub xam ntawm cov xwm txheej rau lawv txhua txhua tus:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

Nyob rau hauv cov qauv no, L1 thiab L2 - inductance ntawm tus thawj thiab thib ob Spools, U1 - mains voltage nyob rau hauv volts, U (L1) thiab U (L2) - voltage nco nyob ntawm tus thawj thiab thib ob inductors feem. Daim duab ntawm xws divider circuits yog lug siv nyob rau hauv ntsuas kiag li lawm.

Divider capacitors

Ib tug heev nrov tswvyim siv los txo tus nqi ntawm cov AC mov. Siv nws nyob rau hauv DC tsis tau, raws li ib tug capacitor, los ntawm lub theorem ntawm Kirchhoff, lub DC txuas - no kis. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tam sim no los ntawm nws yuav tsis paim quav. Tab sis muaj ib tug reactance, thiab yog muaj peev xwm mus tua cov voltage thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub AC Circuit Court capacitor. Divider Circuit Court zoo li uas twb tau piav saum toj no, tab sis es tsis txhob ntawm inductances yog siv condensers. Lub xam yog tau siv cov nram qab no qauv:

1. Reactive capacitor kuj: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. Lub voltage nco nyob C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. Lub voltage nco nyob C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

Ntawm no, C1 thiab C2 - capacitors, U - mains voltage, f - zaus ntawm qhov tam sim no.

Divider resistors

Lub tswvyim yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau lub yav dhau los sawv daws yuav, tab sis yog siv los ntawm tsau resistors. Txoj kev xam ntawm lub divider yog me ntsis txawv ntawm cov saum toj no. Scheme yuav siv tau ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv circuits AC thiab DC. Peb yuav hais tias nws yog universal. Koj muaj peev xwm siv nws los sau ib tug phaw voltage converter. Muab xam los nco nyob txhua resistor yog ua los ntawm cov nram qab no qauv:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib caveat: lub load kuj muaj nqis yuav tsum tau 1-2 txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau tsawg dua hais tias ntawm lub faib resistors. Txwv tsis pub, cov neeg ntawm lub xam yuav tsum heev ntxhib.

Tswv yim fais fab mov Circuit Court: transformer

Yuav kom xaiv ib lub hwj chim transformer, koj yuav tsum tau paub ib co cov ntaub ntawv:

1. Fais fab cov neeg uas yuav tsum tau txuas.
2. Tus nqi ntawm cov mains voltage.
3. Tus nqi ntawm yam voltage nyob rau hauv lub thib ob winding.

Yuav kom xam tus naj npawb ntawm lem nyob rau hauv cov thawj kauj, koj yuav tsum 50 muab faib los ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov tub ntxhais. Tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog xam los ntawm cov mis:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A hwj chim P1 = P2 / efficiency. Lub efficiency ntawm lub transformer yuav tsis yuav ntau dua 0.8 (los yog 80%). Yog li ntawd, thaum xam xyuas cov nqi siab tshaj plaws yog coj - 0.8.

Hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub qhov winding:

P2 = U2 * I2.

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog muaj los ntawm kev neej ntawd hais, ces yuav ua rau lub xam yog tsis yooj yim. Ntawm no yog yuav ua li cas los txo qhov voltage rau 12 volts siv ib tug transformer. Tab sis hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov: cov khoom siv powered los ntawm tam sim no, thiab tso zis rau ntawm lub qhov winding - alternating. Nws yuav tsum tau ua ib tug ob peb ntau kev hloov.

Mov Circuit Court blocks: ib tug rectifier thiab lim

Tom ntej no yog hloov AC rau DC. Rau lub hom phiaj no, semiconductor diodes los yog los ua ke. Qhov yooj yim hom rectifier yog ib tug hluas diode. nws hu ua ib tug ib nrab-yoj. Tab sis lub siab tshaj plaws muab faib rau tau txais los ntawm tus choj Circuit Court, uas tso cai rau tsis tsuas ua kom ncaj alternating tam sim no, tab sis kuj yuav tau tshem ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws ripple. Tab sis xws li ib tug converter Circuit Court yog tseem tsis tiav, raws li lub nce mus nce los tivthaiv ntawm ib tug semiconductor diode tsis tau tshem ntawm. A kauj ruam-down voltage transformer 220 yuav hloov lub AC voltage mus rau tib zaus, tab sis nrog ib tug me me nqi.

Electrolytic capacitors yog siv nyob rau hauv hwj chim khoom siv raws li cov ntxaij lim dej. Raws li Kirchhoff lub theorem, xws li ib tug capacitor nyob rau hauv lub AC Circuit Court yog ib tug neeg xyuas pib thiab thaum kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm qhov - discontinuity. Yog li ntawd, ib qhov no yuav ntws dawb do, thiab cov kuj sib txawv yuav raug kaw rau nws tus kheej, yog li ntawd, yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv no lim. Simplicity thiab kev cia siab - qhov no yog dab tsi characterizes cov ntxaij lim dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kuj thiab inductance yuav siv tau rau smoothing pulsations. Zoo ib yam li Siv yog siv txawm nyob rau hauv tsheb generators.

voltage kev cai

Koj tau kawm yuav ua li cas los txo qhov voltage mus rau lub kev kawm theem. Tam sim no nws xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau stabilized. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tshwj xeeb li - zener diodes, uas yog ua los ntawm pob zeb ntais. Lawv ntsia tau rau hauv lub DC tso zis fais fab mov. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog hais tias lub semiconductor yog tau hla ib tug tej yam voltage, lub surplus yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshav kub thiab yog muab los ntawm cov radiator rau hauv lub chaw. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yog hais tias tus tso zis ntau zog mov ntawm 15 volts, thiab cov stabilizer nyob rau hauv 12, nws yuav nco nws ntau li ntau raws li koj xav tau. Ib tug txawv nyob rau hauv lub 3-neeg yuav mus rau thaum tshav kub kub (zog txuag kev cai lij choj yog siv tau).

xaus

Ib tug txawv kiag li tsim - ib kauj ruam-down voltage regulator, nws ua ib tug ob peb hloov. Ua ntej, cov kab voltage yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau DC nrog ib tug high school cov zaus (mus txog 50 000 Hz). Nws yog stabilized thiab txhab khoom mus rau mem tes transformer. Ntxiv muaj ib tug rov qab txia mus rau lub operating voltage (AC los yog me me tiag tiag). Los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob keyboards (thyristor), ib tug DC voltage yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau AC nrog yuav tsum tau zaus (nyob rau hauv tes hauj lwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws - 50 Hz).