Topsoil: yam ntxwv

Lub ntiaj teb muaj kua, khoom thiab gaseous Cheebtsam. Topsoil yog muaj li ntawm decomposed los ntawm kab mob nyob thiab cog residues. Nws hu ua humus thiab yuav siv sij hawm 10-20 centimeters. Nyob rau nws loj hlob paj, ntoo, zaub.

Hauv qab nws yog infertile av txheej ntawm 10-50 cm. As-ham therefrom ntxuav acid thiab dej, ces nws yog hu ua lub qab ntug leaching (leaching). Ntawm no yog tso tawm tus kheej hais los ntawm tshuaj, lom, thiab lub cev muaj dab, muaj av nplaum minerals.

Ntxaum yog leej niam leej txiv lub pob zeb. Nws kuj muaj pab tau cov ntsiab. Piv txwv li, calcium, pob zeb ntais, poov tshuaj, magnesium, phosphorus thiab lwm tus neeg.

Cia saib nyob rau hauv ntau yam humus, vim hais tias nws plays ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv peb lub neej.

Humus: kev kawm ntawv tswvyim

Av tsim thaum lub sij hawm weathering ntawm cov pob zeb thiab yog muaj li ntawm organic thiab inorganic yam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muaj huab cua thiab dej. Qhov no tsuas yog ib tug tswvyim, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb txhua txheej yog tsim cais nyob rau hauv raws li uas muaj tej yam tej yam kev mob. Peb lub ntiaj teb cia li nkawd homogeneous, nws yog inhabited los ntawm cua nab, kab, cov kab mob.

Topsoil - yog nws npog. Nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov nws hais organic seem thiab nplooj twb dhau, nyob rau hauv qhib chaw - herbaceous nroj tsuag. Cover tiv thaiv hauv av los ntawm qhuav tawm, hail, txias. Hauv qab nws yog decomposed seem ntawm kab thiab tej tsiaj txhu. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm decomposition ntawm cov av enriched nrog mineral ntsiab lawm.

Humus yog inhabited los ntawm muaj sia nyob, penetrated los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntoo thiab nroj tsuag, tag nrho cov ntawm huab cua. Nws xoob qauv, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lumps. Ntawm no tsim tshwm sim thiab txuam nrog cov as-ham los ntawm lub hauv paus systems.

Leej twg paub hais tias lub sab saum toj txheej ntawm av, los yog es, humus, tseem ceeb heev rau fertility. Cov dub tshuaj muaj xws li carbon thiab nitrogen. Qhov no zoo ntawm chav ua noj qhov twg cov zaub mov yog npaj rau cog (active humus). Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no txheej tsim ib tug nqi koj tshuav ntawm cov as-ham, dej thiab huab cua tej yam kev mob (ruaj khov humus).

Yuav ua li cas muaj feem xyuam rau lub topsoil

Nyob rau topsoil cuam tshuam ua technology hom, kev nyab xeeb, cov qoob loo tig. Lub vaj los ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov organic additives thiab lwj tas nplooj lwg yuav heev txhim khu ruaj khov humus.

Vaj zaub ib qho tseem ceeb av hom. Nws yog nyob ntawm cov mineral muaj pes tsawg leeg. Zaub nroj tsuag loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv nruab nrab los yog me ntsis acid thaj av.

Muaj kev ntsuas ntawm fertility:

• Tag nrho cov acidity.
• Tam sim no acidity.
• Ntawv pauv.
• Qhov yuav tsum tau rau Liming.
• Saturation bases.
• Particle loj tis.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic teeb meem.
• Cov ntsiab lus ntawm macronutrients.

Nyob rau fertility muaj feem xyuam rau qhov taw qhia "av ceev". High qhov tseem ceeb ua rau ib tug deterioration ntawm huab cua hom, mloog as mobilization, tsis txaus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov keeb kwm. Tsis tshua muaj ceev qeeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus system vim voids thiab ua rau muaj zog evaporation ntawm noo noo.

Tam sim no, muaj chiv, additives, thiab txawv kev kho mob rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm topsoil. Tab sis cov av yog tsim nyog los so. Nco ntsoov qhov no!