Thaum sau hops? Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob hops

Hops yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg uas txuam nrog rau npias; Xwb, nws yog tus ua feem ntawm cov nrov haus ntawm cov ntiaj chaw. Yog li ntawd feem ntau thaum loj hlob no nroj yog ib zajlus kom lo lus nug tshwm sim: Thaum twg mus sau hops? Kanaplyou belongs rau tsev neeg, thiab niaj hnub no peb paub ob ntawm nws hom: lub Japanese thiab cov zoo tib yam, lub feem ntau ntau vim qhov kev thov nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm brewing.

Hops: hniav yuav pab tau tus phooj ywg los yog txaus ntshai tshaj maj?

Hops, kev siv ntawm cov uas tau pom nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lag luam (kev kho mob, perfumery, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj, zus tau tej cov kaus poom khoom, bakery), tau dabneeg raug suav hais tias cov haiv neeg mus rau lub Middle East. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, qhov no cog tau raug cawmdim los ntawm Greeks thiab Loos. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg kev kho mob tsis muaj hops hlob qus thiab yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug tiag tiag tus tsim txom, uas yog heev yooj yim mus thim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau tuab thickets yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub tej ces kaum ntawm lub vaj, nyob qhov twg hauv lub tes ntawm cov txiv neej yog tsuas yog tsis tau txais los ntawm, uas ua rau ib tug mus tas conquest ntawm tshiab territories uncontrolled nroj tsuag.

Tej zaum, raws li txwv mus rau "yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob hop" qhov teeb meem seb puas tsimnyog tau lwm - "yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau ntawm nws?"

By muab tu kom zoo hops tej zaum yuav ib tug zoo nkauj keeb raws caij nyoog arches, ntseej, tug. Tshwj xeeb yog impressive saib nws dai ntsuab cones, uas yog txuam nrog rau cov thawj cov hniav ornaments. Thaum sau hop cones?

Sab nrauv nta nroj tsuag

Hops zoo tib yam yog tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw rau 20 xyoo thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm meandering lianopodobnym qia thiab muaj zog ntev-lub sij hawm hauv paus system penetrates cov av mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 4 meters, thiab cov dispersed txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 meters. Lub ntsiab rhizome yog ib qho underground khiav Bush, lossi txoj kev buds (lub hauv paus rau lub tsim ntawm tshiab tua), tau tshwj xeeb no yog thib plaub xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Kev cai sau qoob ntawm hops yog nyob rau hauv cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntau cov kab mob nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj undesired loj hlob ntawm ib tug Bush. Yuav kom to taub thaum peb sau hops, yuav tsum tau muaj ib co kev nkag siab ntawm no nroj tsuag thiab nws peculiarities.

Stems hop branching, them nrog plaub mos mos, pleev xim rau ntsuab los yog reddish xim, thickness nce mus txog txog 13 hli. Tsob nroj yuav ncav cuag ib sij muaj 10 meters thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob txoj kev clings mus rau lub kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txoj kev studs kryuchkopodobnyh muab tso rau raws tus kav ntsib lub sab tua, nplooj thiab petioles.

Paj ntawm hops tua nyob rau hauv me me Inflorescences (rau 20-60 daim) yog pob thiab loj hlob poj niam hmab. Txiv neej cov nroj tsuag tsis tsim nais, rau dab tsi yog feem ntau lawm. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog me me ceev xim av. Cov noob yog tseem me me: 1,000 daim weighing los ntawm 2 mus rau 4 grams. dhia paj paws nplooj muaj serdtsepodobnuyu daim ntawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag lawv yog cov loj tshaj plaws, sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm lub hav txwv yeem - me me thiab. Lub sab ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj nti ntsuab xim, hauv qab - yog sib zog thiab muaj qog secreting tseem ceeb roj thiab resins. Qhov saum toj no-hauv av ib feem ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob ib xyoo thiab tuag nyob rau hauv lig lub caij nplooj zeeg, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub sij hawm ntev hauv paus system.

Nta ntawm sau qoob

Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob thiab thaum mus sau hops? Sau qoob rau hops ua nyob rau hauv lub lowland cheeb tsam no. Yuav kom tsim loj sib sau ua ke thiaj li hu ua Khmelniki cheeb tsam ntawm 20-30 hectares, muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug neeg squares, nruab nrab ntawm uas yog muab tso rau 3-4 'meter' khiav. Txhua cov teeb hectare 145-150 tug ncej (8-9 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab), rau trellises ntaus ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv txias cua drunken plantations cog ze ntawm lub vaj, hav zoov koj cov menyuam thiab hav zoov. Npaj rau ib tsob nroj qhib cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv ua ntej (ib tug ob peb xyoos) cased 2-3-kab windbreaks ntawm ceev ceev-loj hlob ntoo, muab lawv nyob rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov plantation ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 20 meters.

Yuav tsaws: nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab muaj scale

Chmielnik Bookmark yog ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, weakly podzolic, sod thiab hav zoov nrog kua zoo; nqhuab yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav nyob ze rau qhov av saum npoo. Cog yog nqa tawm cuttings los yog saplings hops zus nyob rau hauv nurseries. Cog tob, uas yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis thiab lub Tsib Hlis, yog 8-10 hom cm.

Nyob rau hauv tsev, cov cog no yog ua nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab cai, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug me me scale. Yog li, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab ib tug zoo-drained av, tshav ntuj qhov chaw, thiab cov nyiaj them yug uas nws yuav nkag. Raws li ib tug zaum kawg, koj yuav tau siv ib tug laj kab los yog phab ntsa rau hauv tsev nrog nws nyob rau hauv lub strained txoj hlua. Tom qab cog pom zoo tshaj watering.

Yub emergence feem ntau tshwm sim 7-10 hnub tom qab cog. Thaum ncav cov nroj tsuag qhov siab ntawm 50-60 cm yog muab tso rau kav thaub qab thiab friable cultivators aisle (industrial scale). Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij no feem ntau yog ua 4-5 fluffing topsoil thiab ib tug earthing. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus system ntawm hop yog nres ntawm lub thib ob xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob. Early caij nplooj ntoos hlav plowing ua ridges, tej sab hauv paus hniav thiab underground stems ntawm xyoo tas los; rau mas tsim nroj tsuag, lawv txiav tag nrho ntawm txoj kev, muaj hwj chim loj txaus - nyob rau hauv thawj zaug los yog ob khub ntawm ob lub qhov muag.

Fertilizing thiab kev kho mob

Thaum ncav cov nroj tsuag qhov siab ntawm 3-4 meters yuav tsum tau fertilize nws phosphorus-poov tshuaj chiv nyob rau tus nqi ntawm 30-45 kg ib 1 hectare. Vintage cones yuav kho los ntawm kev siv pasynkovaniya - shortening ntxiv sab ceg ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 3 cm los ntawm lub ntsiab kav.

Nrog txoj kev, ua cov uprooting ntawm puas los sis tuag nroj tsuag thiab tsaws nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw tshiab zaus. Nyob rau nruab nrab, 1 ha (nyob rau hauv coj mus muag loj hlob) ntog 14-16 txhiab fab. Tom qab pruning thiab fertilization ua herbicide los tua nroj.

Tu tub tu kiv thiab hloov hops

Hloov thiab rooj tog zaum hops, sab qaum kev ib ntawm uas tuag ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no, nws tseem tau mus ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lig lub caij nplooj zeeg. Rau lub hom phiaj no cov nroj tsuag mus khawb, mus xaiv tus feem ntau noj qab nyob zoo cov hauv paus hniav thiab cog rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub preformed zawj ib tug deb ntawm 1 'meter' los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Thaum npaj ib tug caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog cov hauv paus hniav yog pom zoo kom muab tso rau hauv lub hnab, nrog rau ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm daim av thiab sawdust, thiab txuag nyob rau hauv lub fridge.

Hops yuav propagated los ntawm cuttings softwood, uas yog txiav los ntawm peb lub xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab cov laus nroj tsuag. Noob ntawm hops yog siv rau lub tu tub tu kiv ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov breeders rau lub hom phiaj ntawm yug me nyuam tshiab ntau ntau yam.

Thaum sau hops?

Maturation ntawm hop cones yog feem ntau unevenly, ntxawm yuav ua tau los ntawm lig Lub yim hli ntuj mus rau thaum ntxov Cuaj hlis. Thaum sau hop cones? Ua li no kom seb lawv yuav siav, tej yam tshwm sim uas yog muaj los ntawm ib tug daj hmoov, zoo ib yam li lub paj ntoos, tej tsw, zoo ceev, daj-ntsuab, xim av bract; plaub ya ri yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib tug wires kauj ruam. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub cones muaj lub siab tshaj plaws nqi ntawm tseem ceeb roj, alpha-acids, polyphenols. Lub tu hmelevodcheskih teb xaus nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj hlis; lig nrog tus sau ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws zoo vim pob liab liab lupulin nplej.

raw khoom kom qhuav nta

Tom qab sau cov cones kom qhuav, txwv tsis pub tus raw khoom yog sai deteriorate thiab yog tsis haum rau brewing. Tsev Brewers feem ntau siv rau qhov no tshuab rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nceb, los yog cov pa cub. Qhov loj zus tau tej cov hops, muaj txog 80% dej, tam sim ntawd tom qab sau ventilated kub-huab cua, ces qhuav nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb ncu. Lub qhuav yuav tsum tau txiav thaum cov hniav ntawm cov ua pob yuav nkig. Qhuav khoom yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug daj-ntsuab xim thiab yuav zoo weightless plaub ya ri li zoo li luam yeeb ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, cov ua pob yuav tsum zuaj, muab tso rau hauv ib lub hnab yas thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub freezer, qhov uas lawv yuav tos lawv tig. Nyob rau hauv industrial scale lub raw cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cia nyob rau hauv polyethylene los yog jute sacks hmelepriomnyh paragraphs los yog hmelefabrikah qhov twg thaum kawg coj mus rau tus txheej txheem kev ua lag luam txheem.

Tom qab sau los ntawm hop cones, lub caij nplooj zeeg, qhuav li ntsug tus kav ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog txiav, export ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev rau lub hom phiaj ntawm incineration. Khmelniki ua tib zoo ntxuav ntawm cov nroj tsuag seem, ua organic (quav los yog cov nplooj lwg) thiab poov tshuaj-phosphorus khoom.

hops zoo tib yam

hops Brewer

Qib yog ib tug siab loj heev rau tsob nroj muaj ilv tsw. Cones-elongated cylindrical zoo, nruab nrab, txaus tuab; rau lawv ib tug me ntsis Bush. Hops, kev siv ntawm cov uas nyob rau hauv lub npias kev lag luam thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj hmelesoderzhaschih dav txaus no mas resistant rau tus kab mob, cia kom khov tawm, waterlogging, ntuj qhuav heev. Cov zaub lub sij hawm - 115 hnub.

hops Triumph

Nyob rau ntawm ib point loj hlob 15 los yog ntau xyoo, resistant rau waterlogging, ntuj qhuav heev thiab te. Nws tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam kab laug sab mub. Nws yus muaj los ntawm ib tug me aroma, siv nyob rau hauv brewing thiab ua aimed ntawm muab feeb meej pellets.