Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich, lub astronaut: biography

Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich - lub nees nkaum peb Soviet cosmonaut thiab kuaj engineer ntawm "Soyuz-10" thiab "Salyut". "Union-16" yog ib tug flight engineer. Tug ntawm cov Communist tog ntawm lub Soviet Union. Nws tau txais heev heev tsoom fwv khoom plig rau lawv cov ua hauj lwm. NN Rukavishnikov thawj thaum muaj xwm ceev tsaws spacecraft manually.

tsev neeg

Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich yug xyoo Cuaj hlis 1932 nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Tomsk. Nws niam, Galina, ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tsim kev nyob kev tsheb ciav hlau. Txiv tshiab - lub taub hau ntawm qhov kev siv project. Thaum zus, Nikolay sib yuav Nina Vasilyevna, uas thawj ua hauj lwm raws li cov thawj ntawm cov engineer, thiab ces los ua ib tug niam tsev. Lawv muaj ib tug tub, Vladimir.

tsim

Thaum xub thawj, Nicholas kawm nyob rau Uzbek lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Angra. Ces ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv Tomsk. Thaum leej niam thiab leej txiv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Mongolia los ntawm 1947 mus 1950. Kuv tau mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ciam teb lub zos Kehtaitse. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv twb nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1951, ces nkag mus hauv lub capital txhua yam kawm ntawv qib siab (tam sim no lub cev Engineering lub koom haum) ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Hluav taws xob cov xam pab kiag li lawm thiab automation. Nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1957 nrog ib tug engineering-physics tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv 1980, nws tiv thaiv nws thesis, nws los ua ib tug neeg sib tw ntawm kev sciences.

Feem ntau cov hlub geography, lej thiab physics. Leej Txiv Nicholas tswj kom instill nyob rau hauv nws tus tub txoj kev hlub ntawm radiodelu los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum yau. Nikolai khaws cia hais tias koj lub neej. Lub koom haum yog fond ntawm scientific ua hauj lwm. Ntawm cov me nyuam kawm ntawv lwm yam Nicholas cais zoo xws li xav paub, inquisitive siab, kev mob siab thiab txawj xav.

ua hauj lwm kev

Txij li thaum 1957 Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv CRI-58 engineer. Nws nkag tau rau hauv lub computer lub lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim, kev loj hlob, installation thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov tswj systems, xws li cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm nuclear reactors.

Los ntawm 1957 nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thawj seem OKB-1 li ib tug engineer. Tsim ib tug system ntawm automatic interplanetary chaw nres tsheb tswj, nws koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm nroj tsuag thiab sib ntaus kev soj ntsuam. Nyob rau hauv 1960 NN Rukavishnikov twb nce mus rau senior engineer. Saib xyuas pab pawg neeg uas tsim los ntawm qhov chaw cov khoom tswj systems. Management nyiam qhov zoo thiab pace ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, thiaj li Nicholas sai sai loj hlob los ntawm lub zoo ibyam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias txhua yam indulgences nws yeej tsis siv thiab tsuas mus txog lawv tus kheej txoj hauj lwm.

Los ntawm 1962 mus 1963. Nikolai tsim onboard complex tswj thiab automation rau cov kev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm xyoo 1964 nws raug tsa taub hau ntawm kev loj hlob pab neeg.

Davhlau npaj

Nyob rau hauv 1964 Rukavishnikov Nikolay Nikolayevich twb raug xa rau kev xeem raws li ib tug neeg sib tw rau lub astronauts, tab sis ho tsis muab lub Commission saib. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tau tso ib tug kws kho kev xeem dua, thiab thaum kawg ua ib tug xeem cosmonaut. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm qhov chaw cov khoom tswj systems. Tsim nrog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm pab kiag li lawm, onboard systems, thiab lwm yam, nyob rau hauv koom tej kev txom nyem.

Nyob rau hauv 1967, Nicholas los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub cosmonaut corps thiab twb muab rau testers. Kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1970, nws muaj tshwj xeeb kev cob qhia rau ya nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hli thiab tsaws nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv lub xya caum-thawj xyoo, nws tau nce mus kuaj cosmonaut ntawm peb cov chav kawm ntawv.

Tab sis cov kev cob qhia yog sib tsis tau: yog hais tias tus foob pob ua ntxaij community launch tsis ua hauj lwm tshwm sim, thiab raug lub neej ntawm astronauts coj noj coj ua tsis tau. Flights yuav tsum tau muab ncua. Cuaj kaum, npaj rau lub davhlau mus rau hauv qhov chaw txuas ntxiv, tsuas lub sij hawm no mus rau lub orbital chaw nres tsheb "Salyut".

hluas nkauj sib ntaus

Nws thawj davhlau cosmonaut Rukavishnikov, uas nws biography yog piav nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, cog lus nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1971 raws li ib tug xeem engineer "lub Union-10." Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nws yog thawj lub sij hawm ib tug qhov chaw shuttle docked nrog qhov chaw nres tsheb tau ua tiav. Tab sis rau tag nrho retraction ua tsis tau tejyam ua lub ceev ceev ntawm lub sib koom tes, yog li ntawd txoj kev hloov ntawm astronauts mus rau lub chaw nres tsheb, lub sij hawm no tsis muab qhov chaw.

Qhov thib ob lub davhlau Nikolai yuav tsum tau ua thib nees nkaum-Lub Xya hli ntuj 1971, tab sis yuav luag ib lub hlis ua ntej hnub ntawd, twb tua tag nrho cov neeg coob ntawm "Soyuz-11", yog li cov departures tau ib ntus tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj ntawm lub tib lub xyoo Rukavishnikov ua deputy lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev.

Qhov thib ob lub davhlau

Qhov thib ob lub davhlau Tomsk cosmonaut Rukavishnikov ua nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1974 raws li ib tug sib ntaus engineer on board lub "Soyuz-16". Lub davhlau ntawd kub ntev li 5 hnub 22 teev. 23 min. 35 sec. spacecraft commander raug tsa A. Fillipenko. Lub astronauts coped nrog neeg ua hauj lwm brilliantly. Qhov kev pab cuam yog xam nyob rau hauv ob xeem sib ntaus, thiab rau lub hlis tom qab ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los theej tawm lub ntsiab neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj.

Ua li no, "APAS" qhov kev pab cuam yog tsim (test davhlau), nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm uas ua ib tug thib ob lub davhlau. Nyob rau hauv 1975 Rukavishnikov N. N. undergoes ntxiv kev npaj rau tom ntej no sib ntaus, thiab tib lub nyob rau hauv 1977, tab sis cov ncej ntawm lub "Union" commander.

Qhov thib peb lub davhlau

Qhov thib peb lub davhlau rau hauv qhov chaw Rukavishnikov ua nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1979 yog twb nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm commander, thiab qhov no yog thawj davhlau li lub taub hau ntawm ib tug pej xeem. Raws li lub nkoj mus kev rau lub qhov chaw nres tsheb, muaj ib tug lub xeev ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev - nthawv kaw tawm lub engine. Tsuas yog los ntawm zoo hais kom ua ntawm Nikolai Nikolaevich neeg coob nws ciaj thiab xa rov qab yam xyuam xim rau lub ntiaj teb. Tus thawj lub sij hawm thaum muaj xwm ceev tsaws tau ua manually.

End flights

Nyob rau hauv lub yim caum-peb xyoo Rukavishnikov - ib tug astronaut, tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw peb lub sij hawm, rov pib los npaj rau lub tom ntej no lub davhlau, twb raug tsa los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov thawj Soviet-Indian neeg coob. Tab sis rau kev kho mob yog vim li cas Nikolai Nikolaevich candidacy tau tsis kam lees, thiab nws twb muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov kev npaj rau lub davhlau. Nyob rau hauv 1987 nws tau tso los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm astronauts vim laus.

Rukavishnikov feem ntau lectured nyob rau hauv lub zej zog "Kev txawj ntse", nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm nws cov board thiab qhov ua tawm txog qhov chaw. Kom txog rau thaum cov laus ua hauj lwm raws li deputy. lub taub hau ntawm RKK "Zog" yog ib txhij raws li tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub Federation ntawm Cosmonautics, thawj lub Soviet Union thiab ces Russia.

Rukavishnikov raws li ib tug neeg

Raws li Nikolai Nikolaevich nco ntsoov txhua tus uas paub nws, nws yog ib tug heev interesting neeg, outgoing, tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob thiab zoo siab. Vim hais tias nws paub Nikolai Rukavishnikov heev npaum li cas, nws yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus storyteller. Nws yeej ib txwm teb mus rau kev thov rau kev pab, thiab ib txhia txawm hu nws Tomsk Gagarin. Lub bust-monument rau nws twb teem thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej.

astronaut tuag

Nikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - ib tug astronaut uas tuag ntawm koj lub plawv nres los ntawm pulmonary edema, puas tawm Lub kaum hli ntuj 2002 Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug mob Alzheimer tus, uas twb tshwm sim nyob rau cosmonaut. Rukavishnikov faus nyob rau hauv Moscow Ostankino toj ntxas.