Qauv tsiaj cell

Cell - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws lug ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj lub neej - lub feem ntau mysterious phenomenon ntawm qhov. Txawm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej theem nws yog ib yam nyuaj heev cell yog teem thiab muaj ib tug plurality ntawm lug uas ua tej kev khiav dej num. Nyob rau hauv lub cev, ib qho ntawm lub hlwb tsim ntaub so ntswg, ntaub so ntswg - kabmob, thiab cov neeg - lub cev system. Tus qauv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cog hlwb nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects zoo sib xws, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thiab muaj siv txawv. Piv txwv li, ib yam li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hlwb, xws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov qauv thiab cov hauj lwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv cog hlwb muaj centrioles (tsuas yog algae), thiab raws li kev noj haus hloov hauv paus yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej.

Tus qauv ntawm lub hlwb ntawm cov tsiaj raws li nyob rau hauv peb lub ntsiab Cheebtsam - lub nucleus, cytoplasm thiab cell daim nyias nyias. Thaum cov tub ntxhais ntawm cytoplasm ntaub ntawv protoplasm. Cell membrane - yog ib tug lom membrane (septum) uas cais lub cell los ntawm cov sab nraud ib puag ncig, wraps lub cell organelles thiab nuclei ntaub ntawv ib tug cytoplasmic compartments. Yog hais tias koj tso cov kev npaj nyob rau hauv lub tshuab kuaj kab mob, cov qauv ntawm cov tsiaj cell yuav muab tau yooj yim pom. Cell membrane comprises peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Cov txheej thiab puab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov protein thiab cov intermediate - lipid. Wherein lub lipid txheej ntxiv yog muab faib ua ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg - ib tug txheej ntawm hydrophobic molecules thiab ib tug txheej ntawm hydrophilic molecules, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug txog kev txiav txim. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub cell daim nyias nyias qauv yog ib tug tshwj xeeb - glycocalyx, uas muab lub peev xwm rau xim membrane. Lub plhaub kis tus tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv thiab tuas cov neeg uas coj kev tsim txom. Tus qauv ntawm cov tsiaj cell yog aimed ntawm kom tus tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi yog twb nyob rau theem no. Lub allergic ntawm yam los ntawm lub plhaub tshwm sim los ntawm kev mus koom tes ntawm lub cytoplasmic membrane. Nplaim daim nyias nyias yog tseem ceeb txaus vim khoov rau ob sab, protrusions, folds thiab villi. Lub cytoplasmic membrane kis raws li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hais thiab loj.

Tus qauv yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug tsiaj cell cytoplasm, rau qhov cov uas muaj dej. Lub cytoplasm - ib tug receptacle rau organelles thiab inclusions. Tsis tas li ntawd cytoplasm muaj cytoskeleton thiab - protein filaments uas muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cell division, delimit lub intracellular qhov chaw thiab tswj tau cell zoo, muaj peev xwm rau cov ntsws. Ib qho tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov cytoplasm - hyaloplasm uas txiav txim seb tus viscosity thiab elasticity ntawm lub cell qauv. Nyob rau sab nraud thiab sab hauv yam hyaloplasm yuav hloov nws viscosity - ua ib cov kua los yog gel.

Kawm cov qauv ntawm ib tug tsiaj ntawm tes, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis them sai sai mus rau lub cellular machinery - organelles uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cell. Tag nrho cov organelles muaj lawv tus kheej tej qauv, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub zog ua. Lub keeb - lub hauv paus unit ntawm lub cell uas muaj caj ces cov ntaub ntawv thiab yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv metabolism nyob rau hauv lub cell nws tus kheej. Los ntawm cellular organelles xws li cov endoplasmic reticulum, lub cell center, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi complex, plastids, lysosomes, vacuoles. Cov organelles yog nyob rau hauv txhua txhua cell, tab sis, nyob ntawm seb cov kev ua, cov qauv ntawm cov tsiaj cell tej zaum yuav txawv los ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm tej lug.

Muaj nuj nqi ntawm cell organelles:

- mitochondria oxidize organic tebchaw thiab accumulates tshuaj zog;

- endoplasmic reticulum vim lub xub ntiag ntawm kev enzymes tsim nqaijrog thiab carbohydrates, nws yuav pab txhawb thauj tej nyob rau hauv lub hlwb;

- ribosome ua ke protein;

- Golgi complex protein concentrates, condenses hluavtaws rog, polysaccharides, cov ntaub ntawv lysosomes thiab npaj cov ntaub ntawv uas rau lawv tshem tawm ntawm lub hlwb los yog direct siv nyob rau hauv nws;

- lysosomes nqis carbohydrates, cov nqaijrog, nqaijrog thiab nucleic acids, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, digesting nkag mus rau lub cell as-ham;

- cell chaw muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cell division;

- vacuole, vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus xovtooj ntawm kua ntoo kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm tes turgor (internal siab).

Tus qauv ntawm lub nyob hlwb yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim - nyob rau ntawm cellular theem yuav siv sij hawm ib tug ntau ntawm biochemical dab, uas sovvokupnosti muab tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm lub cev.