PIC-xws. Programming PIC-controllers. Schemes ntawm cov controllers PIC

Thaum ua tswvyim, koj yuav tsum muaj ib tug neeg los yog ib yam dab tsi yuav tau saib xyuas qhov kev siv ntawm yuav tsum tau ua. Rau cov txiv neej yog heev problematic, raws li nws yog tsim nyog los siv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm txawv hais uas tso cai rau los tswj lawv cov ua hauj lwm (transistors, resistors, thyristors, diodes, capacitors, etc.). Tiam sis tag nrho cov complex thiab loj Circuit Court yuav tswj tau los ntawm controllers (MCU). Hais tias lawv yog, piv txwv li, yuav tau piav RІS tsev neeg. Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog qhov PIC-controllers rau dummies? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv cov tswvyim thiab qhov chaw uas lawv yuav siv tau.

Yuav ua li cas yog microcontroller PIC-

PIC-xws li (los yog microcontroller) yog ib qho kev automation txhais tau tias ua tau tej yam uas siv ib lub yav tas los npaj qhov kev pab cuam. Ib tug feature ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm no kab ntawm cov khoom yog qhov yooj yim ntawm programming thiab cov nyob rau ntawm tag nrho cov tsim nyog zog mus ua hauj lwm. Qhia txog nws cov qauv, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj tsuas yog ib silicon siv lead ua (ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm tag nrho cov microcontrollers). Dhau li nws, PIC-xws li muaj ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm ob txhais ceg. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau raws li cov zajlus kom inputs li outputs ib feem, lub so muaj ib tug ob sab sib dho daim ntawv thov. Lub ob txhais ceg yuav tsum yog cov los analog.

Rau feem coob ntawm cov ua hauj lwm RІS xws xav tau ib tug ruaj khov voltage - 5V. Qhov no yog txaus kom nws tau khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv nws tej hom thiab ua ib tug pab cuam tauj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Programming PIC-xws li ncaj qha los ntawm ib tug computer yog tsis tau. Rau lub hom phiaj no lub programmer.

xws li tsev neeg

PIC-xws li tsis muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ib daim ntawv. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus ua ib tug ntau yam pauv loj ntau yam ntawm microcontrollers, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, tuition thiab tej zaum lub hom phaj ntawm daim ntawv thov. Number tsev neeg lawv tus kheej es loj thiab nyob rau hauv lub kom raws feature uas yog muab raws li ua tsis tau. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog los qhia rau xwb txog qhov yooj yim kev faib nyob rau hauv uas muaj tsuas yog peb tsev neeg ntawm 8, 16- thiab 32-ntsis. Cov nyob rau hauv lem yog muab faib mus rau hauv lwm tus neeg, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm tsev neeg yog tsis lawv tus kheej qhov kev kawm ntawm tsab xov xwm, ib yam dab tsi txog lawv thiab yuav tsis muaj nyob rau kev sib tham.

qhov uas siv tau

Vim nws versatility PIC-xws li yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Sami microcontrollers yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tub yees, TV, ntxuav cov tshuab. Tab sis RІS ntau cov khoom uas muaj cov feature uas tus circuits rau PIC-controllers yog nrov ntawm cov xov tooj cua amateurs thiab robotics nws tus kheej-qhia. Nrog lawv pab, koj yuav tau yooj yim customize lub site mus ua hauj lwm, los yog tag nrho pab kiag li lawm. Nws muaj txhawb rau tej chaw ntawm ib tug tsim nyog tus nqi, yooj yim uas programming thiab ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm kev kawm ntaub ntawv.

Thov PIC-xws li thaum koj tsim lub tsheb nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj cua tswj, robotic caj npab thiab lwm yam artefacts uas yuav ua tau, tsis pub siv nyiaj. Yuav siv tau rau ib yam dab tsi tsim - heev nrov yog lub ntsiab ntawm kev tsim ib self-ua tsis siv neeg machine, tswj los ntawm cov microcontroller. Lub spectrum ntawm kev siv yog sab, thiab qhov tseeb mus kom ze yuav tsum tau zoo ib lub homphiaj, thiaj li rau hauv Circuit Court nyob rau hauv cov controllers PIC yuav pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub pib xyaum ua tsim yaam tshab.

Software siv rau cov PIC-xws li

Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas tsim nyog software - nws sau ntawv. Tsis tau vim free tis, koj yuav siv tau thiab muaj los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus software cuab tam MPLAB. Ntau precisely, txoj kab software (txoj kev loj hlob cheeb tsam, compilers) MPLAB. Vim lub tuam txhab txoj cai, nws yog free, tab sis muaj ib co kev txwv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub luv luv demo version koj yuav tau sim tawm tag nrho cov possibilities, tab sis tom qab nws kawm tiav functionality ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yuav raug txiav. Cov tag nrho cov kev pab cuam muaj ib tug tseem ceeb lub cuab tam uas ua rau nws yooj yim mus tsim cov kev pab cuam, yooj yim mus nrhiav ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov teeb meem chaw thiab kev coj cwj pwm code optimization. Nyob rau hauv lub version ntawm cov nuj nqi yuav txiav code optimization, los yog txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov controllers uas yog txaus siab los ntawm qhov kev pab cuam. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tseeb nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub tuam txhab khaws tsuas yug nrov tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev.

Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm software yog muab los ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lawv functionality yog zoo sib xws, tab sis muaj cov sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau yam tau qhia dissatisfaction uas MPLAB yog thim rau cov neeg siv-koom tsim. Yog li ntawd, manufacturers yog twv rau kev tswj cov cutoff muaj nuj nqi thiab usability ntawm lawv software. Program rau cov controllers PIC yog heev ntau haiv neeg, li ntawd, ntawm no yog kev lom zem ntau ib tug teeb meem ntawm saj.

Tsim ib qhov kev pab cuam rau cov PIC-xws li

Yuav kom tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb kev pab cuam, koj muaj peev xwm siv qhov kev tsim nyog software, thiab txawm ib tug yooj yim phau ntawv. Qhov no yog tau ua tsaug rau lub fact tias nws ua haujlwm nrog programming hom lus xws li assembler thiab C. Lub ntsiab sib txawv nta nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm kws cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev pab raws qib. Koj yuav hnov ntau yam txog cov complexity ntawm C, tab sis los ua ke ntau yooj yim thiab yuav tsum tau ib tug faj mus kom ze.

Piv txwv li, thaum uas tsim ib qhov kev pab cuam, koj yuav tsum qhia kom meej rau cov uas xws li nws yog npaj. Tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog mus nqa tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev xaiv, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kev ua hauj lwm kev los yog nws tus kheej-kev tso siab, vim hais tias yuam kev yuav ua rau lub fact tias cov pa microcontrollers tig mus rau hauv daim yas thiab hlau.

Programming nrog lub cajmeem

Tab sis yuav ua li cas mus rau cov hloov hauv lub tsim qhov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub microcontroller nws tus kheej? Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus microcontroller programming? Rau lub hom phiaj no muaj tshwj xeeb pab kiag li lawm - programmers. Lawv xa Pib ntsais koj teeb rau ib tug microcontroller uas hloov hlwb nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam. Yuav pib cov txheej txheem ntawm Identify cov ntaub ntawv koj xav mus tau ntxig lub nti nyob rau hauv lub programming, thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, kev cob cog rua lub computer. Tom qab ntawd, software koj yuav tsum khiav cov firmware. Feem ntau lub cajmeem PIC-controllers ncua los ntawm peb caug vib nas this rau ob feeb.

cov ntaub ntawv programmers

Uas programmer mus xaiv los sau ib qho kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug microcontroller? Yuav roughly muab faib ua peb yam: self-ua, los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab lub Hoobkas ntawm lwm tuam txhab uas muag. Kev siv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv.

Yog li, nws tus kheej-ua programmers yog haum pheej yig. Tab sis lawv siv yog fraught nrog lub fact tias lawv muaj peev xwm tig lub ntaus ntawv rau hauv ib daim ntawm cov yas thiab hlau. Thiab microcontroller programming yuav nyob rau hauv xws li mob thov tsis kaj lub siab txim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob poob siab, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau lo rau kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog koj ua koj tus kheej los ntawm kos, feem ntau nws yog ib yam khoom nrog ib tug raug txwv possibilities txog txoj hauj lwm kev hloov chaw. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no network, koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev daws rau qhov teeb meem no npaj los ntawm lwm tus neeg, thiab hais tias tej zaum yuav tsis muab koj cov teeb meem.

Tus thawj programmer los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus yuav tsum tau qualitatively nqa tawm lawv ua hauj lwm rau tej microcontroller. Nyob rau nws muaj ib tug guarantee, thiab yog hais tias tom qab tau txais nws tsis ua hauj lwm, hloov tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim ntawm tej yam uas, thaum lub firmware PIC-controllers nws yog nqa tawm tsis muaj teeb meem.

Tab sis stems los ntawm nws nrhiav tau ntawm ib tug ncaj high nqi.

Cov muab los ntawm lwm cov tuam txhab, muaj ib tug ncaj ntau yam ntawm tej yam khoom uas ua hauj lwm. Lawv feature yog lub uas tsis muaj nqi thiab / los yog lub sij hawm rau ua hauj lwm nrog rau lwm cov microcontrollers nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus PIC. Muaj kuj yog ib tug tiag tiag universal "monsters" uas yuav muab tau ntau hom kev ua hauj lwm, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm sib txuas ntawm lawv tsis muaj nqi tsis tshwm sim.

schematic nta

Thiab thaum kawg, ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog cov duab qauv. Nws yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb rau ntawm ob txhais ceg nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov yuav txhawb tau cov ntaub ntawv, raws li schematically microcontrollers feem ntau txawv los ntawm lub sij kos kev xaus lus. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv xws li mob kos npe cov lus xaus, thiab nws yog rau lawv thiab yuav tsum tau tsom rau tus ntaus ntawv.