"Oseltamivir": cov lus qhia rau kev siv, analogs, ib tug piav qhia ntawm cov tshuaj

Yog vim li cas muab cov tshuaj "Oseltamivir"? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv, analogs, indications thiab contraindications ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tau piav me ntsis ntxiv. Peb kuj qhia koj txog cov ntawv no nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav nqus hais tias medicament, dab tsi zog nws muaj, txawm tus mob tshwm sim thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Tus duab, qauv, piav qhia txog cov tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov tshuaj los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov daj-dawb tsiav tshuaj. "Oseltamivir" - yog ib tug prodrug. Thaum noj, nws yog hydrolyzed thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau lub active ingredient - oseltamivir carboxylate.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tsiav tshuaj thiab cov medicament yog tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub teeb hmoov rau qhov ncauj ncua kev kawm ntawv.

nta tshuaj

tshuaj "Oseltamivir" Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua hauj lwm? Cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov hais tias cov kho nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj no yog raws li nyob rau hauv hluav ntawm kev ua si ntawm enzymes, uas yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub virion kab mob khaub thuas tus kab mob no.

Thaum tau txais daim ntawv ntawm cov medicament rau hauv tib neeg lub cev nws cov ntsiab tivthaiv yog hloov mus rau lub active metabolite. Yog li, oseltamivir carboxylate xyua cheeb neuraminidase. Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li raug tus kab mob tsis tu tsis tseg kis cell npaug txheej txheem.

Raws li cov kos duab, kev noj cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau 35 teev tom qab thawj cov cim qhia ntawm kev mob ua npaws. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv no txoj kev lub caij ntawm tus kab mob yuav txo tau los ntawm 30%, thiab qhov yuav tshwm muaj teeb meem thiab heev ntawm cov tsos mob - 40%.

Tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj

Seb tshuaj yog absorbed "Oseltamivir"? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawd hais tias txog 90% ntawm oseltamivir phosphate absorbed nyob rau hauv lub gastro-plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Lub active tshuaj yog hloov dua siab tshiab mus rau ib tug carboxylate ntawm oseltamivir, thiab ces nkag mus rau hauv mauj ncig.

Hais txog 3% ntawm cov active ingredient yog ua txhua yam rau ntshav proteins. Nws bioavailability yog kwv yees li 76-85% thiab tshem tawm ib nrab-lub neej - 120 feeb.

Los ntawm tib neeg oseltamivir carboxylate yog muab tau los ntawm ob lub raum (kwv yees li 80%) thiab lub plab (20%). Ib nrab-lub neej ntawm cov tshuaj yog 6-10 teev.

indications

Yog vim li cas muab cov tshuaj "Oseltamivir" (ua liaj ua teb pab pawg neeg -. Antiviral agents)? Raws li cov lus qhia, lub medicament yog siv los kho kev mob ua npaws A thiab B. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob kab mob.

Contraindications

Puas contra "Oseltamivir" (piav qhia ntawm cov kev npaj twb tau hais saum toj no)? Raws li cov lus qhia, cov tshuaj uas luag txwv tsis pub nyob rau ntawm:

• Npau taws me ntsis rau lub active ingredient;
• raum tsis ua hauj lwm (muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab miv nyuas siv zug ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob no twb tsis tau pom tias);
• nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yau tshaj 1 xyoos xwb (tsis yog tsis meej raws li mus rau tsim ntawm lub BBB nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam);
• cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis (nws yog tsis paub seb cov tshuaj yog tas nyob rau hauv niam cov kua mis ntawm cov poj niam, thiab seb nws muaj feem xyuam rau cov me nyuam hauv plab).

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tshuaj no yog tsis pom zoo rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv 13 lub xyoos, raws li cov kws txawj tsis tau txiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau ntawm 'Oseltamivir' rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm kev mob ua npaws.

Tshuaj "Oseltamivir": cov lus qhia rau kev siv

Vidal (Tshuaj Handbook) muaj tej ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv yuav ua li cas thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi ntau npaum koj yuav tsum tau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muab cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsuas tus kws kho mob. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog ib tug tej tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau xaiv qhov yog kev kho mob regimen, uas sai sai thiab zoo tshem tawm tag nrho cov tsis kaj siab tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob kab mob.

Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv dab tsi ntau npaum yog tshuaj "Oseltamivir"? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia tau tias cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv 2 hnub tom qab qhov pib ntawm thawj cov cim qhia ntawm tus khaub thuas.

Cov me nyuam laus tshaj li 13 xyoo thiab cov laus uas tshuaj muab nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 75 mg ob zaug ib hnub twg rau 5 hnub. Nws yuav tsum tau sai li sai tau sau tseg hais tias ua ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj (e.g., mus txog rau 150 mg ib hnub twg) tsis ua rau muaj zog kho nyhuv.

Yog hais tias cov tshuaj uas koj xav tau rau cob rau cov me nyuam hnub nyoog 1-12 xyoo, ntau npaum yog tom nyob rau tus me nyuam lub cev muaj ceeb thawj.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam 13 xyoo muab 75 mg 1 ib zaug rau 6 lub lis piam nyob rau hauv lub hnub (piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm ib phaum mob).

Cov neeg mob uas Cl creatinine tsawg tshaj li 30 ml ib feeb yuav tsum tau kho ntau npaum (75 mg ib zaug rau 5 hnub ib hnub twg).

Tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tom qab haus

Tej kev phiv tshuaj tshwm sim tom qab thawj coj ntawm 'Oseltamivir' kev npaj? Cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov hais tias lub feem ntau manifested phiv tshua yog lub xeev siab thiab ntuav. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov los yog me me los yog muaj mob pesnrab qhia thiab feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev kho mob.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv ib co neeg mob, nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txais cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas, tsim bronchitis, kiv tauv hau, insomnia, tsis ruaj tsis khov angina, pseudomembranous mob plab, anemia, mob ntsws, fractured humerus, peritonsillar rwj thiab kub ib ce.

Heev tsawg nyob rau hauv cov neeg noj cov tshuaj "Oseltamivir", muaj mob plab, chim siab lub rooj sib hais, nosebleeds thiab conjunctivitis. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tshwm sim ib zaug xwb thiab ploj lawv tus kheej, txawm txuas ntxiv txoj kev kho. Tej phenomena tsis yuav tsum tau discontinuation ntawm cov tshuaj.

Tom qab lub sij hawm teem ntawm cov tshuaj noj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas kuj manifest phiv los. Cov no muaj xws xws li pob, tshuaj lom epidermal necrolysis, o ntawm tus nplaig los yog lub ntsej muag, arrhythmia, tsis meej pem, qaug dab peg thiab ntsuas ntshav qab zib txaus.

tshuaj cov kev sib tshuam

Ntaub ntawv uas tau nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub pharmacokinetic thiab pharmacological cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov kev loj hlob ntawm clinically tseem ceeb tshuaj cov kev sib tshuam muaj cov tshuaj no yog tsis zoo li.

Cov lus qhia muaj nrog yeeb tshuaj, nws yog hais tias lub simultaneous daim ntawv thov ntawm cov medicament nrog probenecid ua rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv AUC ntawm lub active metabolite ntawm 2 lub sij hawm. Txawm li cas los, koob tshuaj hloov yog tsis yuav tsum tau.

tus neeg mob ntawm overdose

Yuav ua li cas yog cov tsos mob pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas "Oseltamivir" ntau dua koob tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj? Xyuas thiab cov lus qhia lub xeev uas mus rau hnub tim tsis muaj xws li mob sawv. Txawm li cas los, ib noj tshuaj npaum cas ntawm antiviral cov tshuaj yuav ua rau ntuav los yog xeev siab.

Yuav kom daws tau cov tsos mob no, symptomatic txoj kev kho.

Cov tswv yim rau cov uas tau txais cov tshuaj noj

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum paub tus neeg mob, ua ntej yuav noj "Oseltamivir"? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv (rau cov me nyuam thiab cov laus yuav muaj kev nyias kev phiv) nws qhia hais tias tus yeeb tshuaj yog tsis muaj feem xyuam rau txhua xyoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tsis tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kab kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li cov kab mob kab mob.

analogs medicament

"Oseltamivir" - ib tug yeeb tshuaj uas yog npaj rau cov kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev mob ua npaws. Nws yog ib qho antiviral neeg sawv cev uas koom rau inhibitors ntawm neuraminidase. Qhov no tshuaj yog feem ntau hu nyob rau hauv lub hom lub npe "Tamiflu". Lub Khoos Loos Tsev analogs nws tsis muaj nyob. Qhov ze, tab sis me ntsis ua tsis tau zoo kev kawm, cov nram qab no tshuaj yog hloov, "Relenza", "Arbidol", "Flustol", "Kagocel" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Xyuas thiab nrug muaj feem luj cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov tshuaj

Raws li cov kev xeem tau, uas twb tau nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab Mexico, tus tshiab cov kab mob yog nkag mus neuraminidase inhibitors ( "Zanamivir" thiab "Oseltamivir"), tab sis lawv yog resistant mus rau lwm yam pab pawg neeg - adamantanes ( "rimantadine", "Amantadine") .

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov kws txawj tsis tau miv nyuas siv zug ntawm cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kev mob ua npaws tau ntsia tau rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj mob hauv lub plawv thiab ua pa kab mob.

Raws li cov kws kho mob, cov tshuaj thiaj li qhov ntev ntawm cov tsos mob los ntawm 1 hnub twg, tab sis qhov no yog tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv yog tias cov kev kho mob twb pib nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb teev tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob.

Rau hnub tim, tsis muaj txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv ntawm seb cov nyhuv uas cov tsawg ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob los yog kab mob.