Northern modernist style nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm St. Petersburg

Thaum pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg cim lub advent ntawm ib tug tshiab architectural style, yog ib lub yam ntxwv nta ntawm uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm sab nrauv dluab ntawm cov noog, cov tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab ornaments borrowed los ntawm sab qaum teb lus dab neeg. Lawv tau ua ib tug tseem ceeb rov qab nyob rau hauv lub loj heev thiab austere façade ntawm lub St. Petersburg lub tsev. Cov style ntawm architecture, uas tseem romantic kev lig kev cai ntawm Swedish thiab Finnish sawv, hu ua "Northern Art Nouveau". Nws tsos tau pab ib tug tseem ceeb strengthening ntawm Russia lub kev sib raug zoo nrog Sweden thiab Finland. Nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm cov teb chaws, lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb yog romantic, nquag siv scenes ntawm lub epics thiab fairy tales.

Qhov tsab xov xwm no qhia peb txog txoj kev kaj lug monuments ntawm lub sab qaum teb Art Nouveau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg architecture.

tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub style

Lub ntsiab lwm yam tshwm sim ntawm sab qaum teb niaj hnub architecture raug xaiv nrog zoo kev txawj ke ntawm tej yam ntuj tso thiab dag finishing cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm no, txhua tivthaiv cov kev pab cuam los ntawm sib thooj rau lwm tus neeg.

Lub phab ntsa socket yog feem ntau siv Finnish granite. Nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm sab qaum teb modernist muab nws ntxhib ua, muaj cov ntseeg nkaws txaug tawg tsam thiab cov ntsiab ntawm cov duab puab. Lub dav hlau ntawm lub phab ntsa rau sab qaum pem teb yog them nrog ib tug xov txheej ntawm bricks los yog textured plaster.

Ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov vaj tse sawv tawm designs tshwm sim los ntawm cov dluab ntawm lub sab qaum teb lus dab neeg - nws muaj thiab fauna. Noteworthy yog lub nquag siv ntawm cov xim thiab cov majolica vuas.

Tus duab ntawm cov vaj tse, nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm sab qaum teb niaj hnub, heev loj heev, nyob rau hauv architecture muaj cov tsis muaj me me hniav yam khoom.

Contrasting ob peb ua ke ntawm textures thiab nrhiav, ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub qhov rais qhib, lawv ua ke nrog lub Piers thiab cov suab nrov ntawm lub façade ntawm lub tsev, nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm sab qaum teb modernist style, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov lo lus muab rau hauv ib tug txias complex qauv, li tib lub sij hawm loj-scale lug ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab sab qaum teb tus mob rocky ua hauj lwm .

Northern modernist architecture ntawm St. Petersburg yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, tab sis tseem nws yog txuas mus rau ib co ntawm cov feem ntau ci ntsa iab nplooj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws tsim kho ntawm St. Petersburg ntawm thaum ntxov thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev taw qhia, uas yog menyuam los ntawm cov neeg nyob rau cov cheeb tsam no, nws yog tus siv ntawm tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv - ntoo thiab pob zeb, stylized motifs ntawm pej xeem cov architecture ntawm sab qaum teb thiab cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, ib tug organic kev sib raug zoo nrog cov toj roob hauv pes lug sab nrauv ib puag ncig.

Northern Art Nouveau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg: Keeb kwm

Kev loj hlob ntawm style nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub teeb meem loj los ntawm tus Finnish, Swedish thiab neo-romantic architecture.

Artist, paving txoj kev los ntawm sab qaum teb lub teb chaws rau St. Petersburg, yog Sergei Diaghilev, uas ib lub koom haum ib tug exhibition ntawm Scandinavian ntxias nyob rau hauv 1897 nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Technical duab ntawm Baron Stieglitz. Tom qab ntawd Scandinavian motifs tau khaws los ntawm cov architects pib tsim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tsev nyob rau hauv unprecedented ua ntej rau hauv cov style ntawm lub sij hawm.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov neeg xyuas pib ntawm style tswv yim los ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw yog Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Swedish zej zog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital.

Nyob rau hauv nws project nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 1901-1907 gg. Lawv ua lub tsev vaj tse, uas tau ua ib tug lwm txoj rau lub kis nyob rau hauv lub Austrian thiab German Modernism xaiv.

Kws txawj nco ntsoov ib tug tseem ceeb cawv rau hauv lub tsim ntawm artistic style ntawm kes duab lub vajtse ntawm xws loj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub Swedish neo-Romanticism li Boberg thiab Klasson.

Ib qho tseem ceeb pab mus rau tsim ntawm lub sab qaum teb Art Nouveau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem twb qhia los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov vaj tse, tsim los ntawm R. Meltzer, nyob rau Pob zeb Island. Tom qab ntawd cawv rau hauv cov style ntawm architecture ntawm Finnish motives los ua ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab. Landmark ua nyob rau hauv 1907, xws li ib lub tsev Putilova nyob rau Grand Avenue. Petrograd Sab (lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm kws kes duab vajtse I. Pretro), thiab lub tsev ntawm cov Insurance Company "Russia" nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Bol. Hiav txwv (ua hauj lwm ntawm lub vajtse G. Gimpel), cov cim qhia ntawm ib tug ncaj qha citation ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Finnish lug txhawb cov miv - L. Sonck thiab E. Saarinen. Qhov no, txawm li cas los, cov kws txawj hais tias, tsis downplay kheej thiab siab artistic zoo ntawm cov tej hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub thib nees nkaum Northern Art Nouveau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau ua lub ntsiab architectural cov hoob kawm uas attracted cov paj ntawm cov tub ntxhais architects. Nrog rau qhov no lub sij hawm, txuas lub ntsiab tau ntawm N. Vasiliev, ib tug qub follower ntawm Romanticism, uas yuav tsum havzoov nyob rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg lub zeem muag ntawm style. Saum toj no oriental motifs yeej sab qaum teb lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev A. Bubyr (str. Stremyannaya), thiab qhov kawg kev kee ntawm mosque, thiab ob peb lwm yam vaj tse.

Tom qab ntawd Northern modernist twb ntseeg tau criticized, hnav feem ntau chauvinistic. Raws li ib tug lwm txoj rau lub thiaj li hu ua modernist chuhonskomu ua neoclassicism, uas yog positioned raws li ib tug tiag tiag lub teb chaws (imperial) style. Thiab tsis tau muaj tag nrho cov tshiab thiab ib lub tsev tshiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb modernist style. Hniav qub muab txoj kev uas yuav rationalism.

Me ornamental thiab sculptural kho kom zoo nkauj, txoj kev ua ib tug romantic duab tau hloov los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm ib lub hnab yas facade ntawm loj tagnrho - balconies, bay qhov rais, ru tsev silhouettes. Tshwj xeeb yog interesting, raws li kws txawj, cov tuam tsev apartment nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb modernist style, ua nyob rau hauv 1910-1915 gg. (Kws kes duab vajtse A. Bubyr).

cov neeg sawv cev

Northern Art Nouveau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg hais qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm uas architects:

• Vladimir Apyshkova;
• Alekseya Bubyrya;
• Nikolai Vasilyev;
• Alexander Zelenko;
• Fedora Lidvalya;
• George Makaeva;
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Lub tsev nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm sab qaum teb modernist, St. Petersburg: Top 5 nto moo tshaj plaws vaj tse

Nws yuav tsum kis tau los ntawm qhov no virtual lawv nteg amateurs stylish architecture. Nws ua rau tus nto moo tshaj vaj tse ua nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Art Nouveau, thiab yog me ntsis txog cov lawv cov keeb kwm. Tej vaj tse yog cov brightest page nyob rau hauv lub catalog attractions.

Bubyr lub tsev nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Nraug vauv, 11

Nyob rau hauv lub ntxov thib nees nkaum caug xyoo, lub St. Petersburg kes duab vajtse Alekseem Bubyrem twb yuav nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Nraug vauv av nrog vaj tse. Ua ke nrog cov kws kes duab vajtse Nikolai Vasilyev tswv pib qhov kev siv ntawm cov tsev apartment tsev, uas yog npaj los khom nrog nws tsev neeg, thiab tus so ntawm lub chav tsev thiab chav mus xauj. Lub tsev sai sai tau chaw thiab los ua ib tug ntawm cov tshiab attractions. Passers-by surprise thiab muaj siab zoo siab coj txawv txawv cov nuj nqis, richly adorn nws facade. Uas tsuas beings yuav tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv nws phab ntsa: uab lag, ntses, zoo heev nroj tsuag, coj txawv txawv creatures ntawm fairy tales thiab legends. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv dai kom zoo ntawm lub tsev tau muab rau cov duab ntawm lub hnub, raws li yog hais los ci ntsa iab lub ntsiab sab ntawm lub tsev txojkev rau sab qaum teb: ntawm no tsis tau rau hauv lub sov rays ntawm lub hnub.

Siv cov kev faib ntawd kub ntev li ob xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 1907 muaj pib khom tshiab tenants. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem, thib rau pem teb, cov kws kes duab vajtse tswm nrog nws tsev neeg.

Nta ntawm style nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Stremyannaya

Qhov no zoo kawg li tus qauv, towering tshaj lub Stremyannaya txoj kev, yog ib tug tawm piv txwv ntawm sab qaum teb modernist architects Vasiliev, lub ntsiab ua huaj lwm ntawm cov hniav ua hauj lwm rau ntawm lub ntsiab facade, combining ntau nta, ib tug decommissioned Lavxias teb sab attractions thiab monuments ntawm lub Mediterranean.

Tiav bay shocking cov neeg tuaj saib thiab evokes koom haum ua teb nrog lub ncaws ntawm lub cathedrals ntawm Novgorod, pob zeb tuav, ua rau lub sab ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhia. Lub tsev yog reminiscent ntawm cov drawbridges ua rau medieval castles thiab hnub ci cim ib txhij them tribute rau ob leeg nyob sab Europe thiab Lavxias teb sab architecture, yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub hlau ntseej thiab plaster.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev

Bubyr yog tus tswv ntawm lub tsev kom txog thaum 1919, tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv Ukraine, qhov twg tsis ntev nws lub neej twb tragically txiav luv luv.

Tam sim no lub tsev tseem sawv nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw thiab, zoo li ntau lwm yam monuments, tau pom ib tug heev. Lub tsev dim nyob rau hauv lub tuab ntawm kiv puag ncig, kev tsov kev rog thiab reconstruction. Muaj ib lub caij nyoog los mus saib nws cov lawv cov neeg nyob thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub legendary: lub qub tsev ntawm kes duab lub vajtse twb muab faib ua communal vaj tse, no nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Eduard Khil. Tom qab ntawd lub tsev tau qhib cafe "Elf", uas nyiam mus sib sau ua ke mas yuav kis tau nco tej chaw sawv cev ntawm lub Leningrad underground: Viktor Tsoi thiab Boris Grebenshchikov. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev twb tau shooting lub zaj duab xis "Tij Laug".

"Tolstoy lub tsev" (tsev ntawm Count muaj txiaj ntsim Tolstoy M. P.) nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Rubinstein, 15-17

Qhov no loj loj 6-storey tsev tsis muaj yog vim li cas hu ua tus "lub nroog nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog." Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov layout yog muaj peb courtyards kev cob cog rua ntawm nqe vaj lug kub uas tsim ib tug tiag tiag thaj zej zog, thiab nws nkawd hais tias cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam, tag cais los ntawm tus so ntawm lub nroog: nyob rau hauv cov mev txaus ib tug ntau ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis lawv kuj txawv nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm lawv tshwj xeeb cua . Kws kes duab vajtse - Fedor Lidval, tus neeg muas zaub kho ntawm ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog tsev - Major-General suav Mikhail Tolstoy, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov rog (1877-1878 gg.).

Lidval hlub nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm siv cov ntsiab tshwm sim los ntawm lub Renaissance. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Tolstoy lub tsev koj yuav nrhiav tau ntau balconies nyob rau sab sauv cov plag tsev, driveways, Renaissance arches. Cov kho kom zoo nkauj sib txawv ntawm cov txhob txwm khi: ib tug zoo lub hub nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm Cupid sawv nyob rau hauv niches, adorn lub qhov rooj nkag.

Lub tsev twb xeeb raws li ib tug chaw nyob rau cov neeg ntawm tag nrho cov kev kawm: muaj tau muab raws li khoom kim heev qhov, astounding nws cov high nqi thiab coj nyiaj txiag kev xaiv. Plan envisages elevators, khaub ncaws thiab dej.

Lub tsev no yuav pom tau tias ib cov ntaub ntawv rau tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv nws txawv sij hawm ntawm celebrities, cov uas historians hu cov txawj sau ntawv Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, ballerina Irina Kolpakova, txawj sau ntawv thiab sau xov xwm Arkady Averchenko, revolutionary kws sau paj lug Vasily Knyazev thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Ib txhia yards Tolstoy lub tsev ntawm txawv sij hawm ntawm ib hnub yuav tau pom los mus xyuas los yog rov qab los tsev, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky thiab L. Luppian. Yards thiab cov sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev feem ntau pab raws li ib tug backdrop rau lub filming ntawm tus yeeb yam: ntawm no filming "Lub Adventures ntawm Sherlock Holmes thiab tus kws kho mob Watson", "Lub caij ntuj no Cherry", "Yug ntawm lub kiv puag ncig" thiab "Gangster Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (tsev loj EG Follenveydera) nyob rau hauv lub loj avenue, 13

Kamennoostrovsky avenue nto moo rau nws wealth ntawm architectural monuments nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Art Nouveau. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub exteriors ntawm lub tsev loj, uas nws tswv yog ib tug Swiss pej xeem, ib tug txiag thiab chaw muag khoom ntawm lub Imperial Court E. Follenveyder, Lub tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv 1905 raws li peb tes num kws kes duab vajtse Meltzer. Lub tsev loj yog ib tug tshem me me ntawm lub sab qaum teb Art Nouveau, tab sis raws los ntawm lwm yam ntsiab ntawm lub Gothic Revival. Qhov no yog piav los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub tsev yog ib qho kev sim rau ib tug, muab lub hauv paus lawm xwb nyob rau hauv lub nroog architecture, cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab qaum teb Art Nouveau.

Cov style ntawm lub tsev

Stylistic kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim kho hnub rov qab mus rau tus sawv ntawm Scandinavian thiab Finnish Romanticism. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm simplicity thiab monumentality tagnrho, loj heev yees, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog arched tsev ntaub. Saib xyuas yog twv mus rau dawb plaster phab ntsa contrasting nrog liab ru tsev vuas thiab grey granite plinth. Nws sab nraud tsos ntawm lub tsev tsa ib tug ancient tsev fuabtais los yog ib tug ib txwm Scandinavian Art Nouveau tsev, yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo.

Nws yog nthuav tias sai li sai tau thaum lub tsev ntawd ua tau lub tsev, nws cov neeg tam sim ntawd dubbed "Qab Zib Loaf" - feem ntau tej zaum vim cov teeb-kob stucco thiab elongated dome. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, ntawm lub tsev loj yog ib tug sanatorium. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev loj tuas Danish consulate.

Hais txog cov tsev apartment tsev I. M. Lidvalya rau Kamennoostrovsky PR., 1/3

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv 1898, av nyob Kamennoostrovsky Avenue twb yuav los ntawm tus niam los ntawm kes duab lub vajtse F. Lidval. Lub tsev yog tus thawj ywj siab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub vajtse. Tshiab txheej txheem ntawm tus sau, tsis tau paub dua nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm St. Petersburg, yog tus kho ntawm lub loj pem hauv ntej vaj, dav-qhib ntawm sab nraum. Qhov no daim, atypical rau lub St. Petersburg tsev apartment, nkag mus rau hauv lub chav tsev twb muab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb.

Ntawm cov lus xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv tiam no, tus sau tau siv lub nyem cartouche, uas nws dai kom zoo nkauj central portal, thiab stamped lub hnub kawm tiav ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm lub tsev - "1902". Txoj cai los ntawm lub hnub qhia Pine ceg nrog cones, uas yuav tsum tau pom nyob ze ntawm lub hav zoov noog peck norovyaschie zaum ntawm ib sab nws luav. Watchers luav pom khiav tawm ntawm lub hav zoov thickets ntawm nws loj-eared khub. Mus rau sab laug ntawm lub hnub, koj yuav qhuas cov duab ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lynx nrog thoob plaws qhib lub qhov ncauj, kaw perched rau ib ceg plas nrog kis tis.

Sab nrauv muaj feem xyuam rau cov abundance ntawm lizards duab, loj-ntses, tsiaj qus berries, toadstools, tulips thiab thiaj li nyob. Attracts tus ntsia xub ntiag ntawm ntau yam bay qhov rais thiab balconies, qhov rai qhib, crowned dluab ntawm cov dluab muaj thiab fauna. Cov stylistic nta yog vim li cas tias lub tsev yog hais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm architecture. Thaum xub thawj tus "Qhov zoo tshaj plaws fronts" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (1907), kes duab lub vajtse ua hauj lwm tau muab.

Ntawm cov loj-lub npe xauj hu ua tsev neeg Lidval, artist K. Petrov-Vodkin, actor Yuri Yuriev.

"Lub tsev nrog owls" (chav tsev lub tsev Putilovoy T. N.) nyob rau Grand Avenue PS, 44

Cov tsos ntawm nws kev lub npe ntawm lub tsev no yuav tsum tau mus sculptures ntawm owls adorning nws facade. Lub tsev twb ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1906 mus 1907. Nws sau yog kes duab lub vajtse Hippolyte Pretro - ib qho ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub St. Petersburg Northern MODERNE. Lub tsev twb ua rau neeg ua lag luam Putilova, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm yog tus tswv ntawm ib qho ntawm lub manufactory ntawm lub khws nyob rau hauv Vasilyevsky Island.

Tsev noteworthy artistic teeb meem, qhov rais ntawm ntau daim: shirokime, nqaim, luv luv, ntev. Tom ntej no, lub tuav ntawv ceeb toom ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub kauj ruam ib kauj ruam ntawm bay qhov rais, abundance txog yam tshiab nplua nuj dluab kos los ntawm sab qaum teb muaj, fauna thiab lus dab neeg. Lub tsev nrog owls yog ib tug naas ej landmark nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm hniav ntsiab ntawm lub tsev yuav raug xam tias yog cov pa monolithic thaiv, hauv uas muaj yog ib tug loog-zoo. Tab sis lub xub ntiag ntawm lub thawj casings, balconies thiab zoo kawg nkaus dluab hauj lwm zoo Facade tiag unforgettable. Nws yog ib lub "tsev nrog owls" yog xav tau ib tug ua lag ua luam daim ntawv Northern modernist style. Nyob rau hauv 1912, lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub vajtse rau cov kev sib tw ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Pretro facades taw ib tug silver puav pheej. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws meant paub zoo ntawm tus sau.

Nyob rau lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm kev cai

Rau cov delight ntawm tag nrho cov gourmets thiab kiv cua ntawm cua thiab noj qab nyob zoo khoom noj khoom haus yog tsis yog li ntawd ntev dhau los nyob rau hauv lub Petrograd District qhib lub tsev noj mov "Northern modernist style". Lub npe ntawm lub koom haum reminiscent ntawm lub era, cim los ntawm cov unprecedented txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws yog leej twg, raws li zoo raws li ib tug unprecedented flowering ntawm cov kos duab, kab lis kev cai thiab cov tshiab ua lag ua luam tswv yim.

Lub npe no qhia qhov kev nkag siab ntawm tus tswv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus rau revive thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub teb chaws kev cai. Lub tsev noj mov yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub tsev, uas tsev lub "PetroCongress". Fine sab nrauv thiab sab hauv cov chaw muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov originality ntawm nws cov ntawv qhia zaub mov, uas yog yeej los ntawm cov tais diav ntawm pre-revolutionary cuisine.