Ncej tsev nrog nws tus kheej ob txhais tes: kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia. siv technology

Lub tsev nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws ib txwm tsa ib lub cav alarm los yog pob zeb vaj tse. Txawm li cas los, muaj lwm cov kev xaiv rau cov uas tsis-sawv siv, uas tej zaum yuav preferable. Piv txwv li, tsim txoj kev los tsim kom tau ib tug ncej tsev nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia muaj xws li 4 lub ntsiab theem:

• pouring ntawm lub hauv paus;
• installation ncej;
• walling thiab rwb thaiv tsev;
• qhov kev siv ntawm lub-ru tsev.

Tej vaj tse no los ua sai sai thiab tsis muaj kev siv ntawm tshwj xeeb lifting khoom. Cav Ntoo ncej tsev pheej yig tus nqi thiab tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv ib lub caij, thiab lawv tau tsis tsawg tshaj li sov thiab xis tshaj lub peev ntawm ib tug cav los yog pob zeb.

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw rau lub tsev

Kev siv cov ntoo txhais tau tias lub hauv av nyob rau hauv lub tsev yuav tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas dej. Ib qhov chaw yuav tsum yog heev qhuav thiab purged zoo rau Noo tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub ceev ceev lwj.

Drawings ncej tsev yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv kev kwv yees thiab yog khi rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov chaw. Qhia los ntawm cov hauv internet yog to taub xwb li kws txawj, muaj ib tug tej yam theoretical kev txawj ntse thiab tswv yim kev txawj ntse. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau tsa nyob rau hauv raws li qhov xwm ntawm cov av, thiab lub tsev - nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm loads.

Qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib lub tsev project

Cov tsim tawm yuav tsum yog ib tug project hauv tsev, tsim los ntawm cov kws txawj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws pom zoo nrog rau ntau cov ntawm cov kev pab uas yuav ua rau nws lawv tus kheej cov kev hloov thiab ntxiv.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm ib tug sketch yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv tsev los ntawm koj tus kheej, tab sis nyob rau hauv dab tsi li nram no nws yuav tau nrhiav tau ib tug haum project. Rau kev tsim kho drawings yog yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm ncej tsev, raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tsim nyog suav. Rau lub project yuav tau them. Pheej yig dua rau txheej txheem, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm txiav txim kom koj tus kheej, uas yuav coj mus rau hauv tus account uas yuav tsum tau ntawm tus tsim tawm. Nws kuj nteg lub tsim kho technology, uas yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis adhered mus rau. Qhov no kuj siv rau cov creation ntawm engineering systems.

Engineering system nyob rau hauv tsev

Peb tes num yuav tsum tau muab sau tag nrho cov tes hauj lwm, thaum tsa ncej tsev nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia xws li pw ntawm kev sib txuas lus nyob rau tej theem ntawm kev tsim kho, pib nrog lub hauv paus. Thaum nws yog poured tam sim ntawd ua hauj qhov. Laum lawv yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb yuav ntau npaum li cas yooj yim.

Cov hluav taws xob system muaj xws li switchboard thaiv, nyob thiab grounding. Nyob nyob ntawm ib tug deb li 4 m los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Lawv muaj ib tug tiv thaiv npog, yog hais tias muaj yog dej qhov chaw.

Lub correctness ntawm tso dej thiab kav dej phwj systems nyob rau yooj yim ntawm kev siv ntawm cov dej haus thiab dej kub, raws li tau zoo raws li cov zis thiab ua cov pov tseg.

Cov cua system muaj ib tug ciav nrog qhib.

Cov kev siv ntawm lub hauv paus

Fundam xaiv columnar, melkozaglublenny siv los yog kev ua vaj tse blocks. Yuav kom nce lub zog qhov cuab lub zog thiab thov monolithic tubing. Prefab cov tsev ntoo ua nrog ib tug me me paus, tsim los rau cov uas tsis muaj loads. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas. Vim lawv nqi-saving ncej tsev yuav tsawg dua. Rau nws, digs ib trench los yog ib tug drilled qhov thiab ces ua cushion ntawm cov xuab zeb. Ua ntej concreting set rebar thiab formwork. Sau lub sawb foundation yog tsim nyog yuav ua rau ib tug meej rammer. Rau mounting tus ncej tsev nyob rau hauv cov kua pob zeb yog teev nyob rau hauv increments ntawm txog 2 m ntsug studs 500 mm ntev. Dav hlau grillage leveling mortar.

Installation ntawm lub sill nyob rau hauv tsev

Ib lub lim piam tom qab ntawd, tom qab pouring lub pob zeb ua lub hauv paus yog pw dua rau tag nrho cov hauv qab phaj - ntoo thaiv seem ntawm tsawg kawg yog 150x150 hli. Nws pre-impregnated nrog ib tug antiseptic, thiab hauv qab ua los ntawm ob tug khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm waterproofing ntawm vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nqaj mounted rau lub hauv paus thauj tog rau nkoj bolts los yog pins, los ntawm cov uas qhov yog drilled ntxaum tshaj 100 hli. Nyob rau hauv ntev thiab nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub compound yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ib nrab-tsob ntoo thiab krepjat tes.

Cov boards yuav tsum muab teem thiab kev cob cog rua ua ke thiab puag. Tom qab hais tias, lawv txiav down lub grooves thiab tso kev sib deev cav ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib cov 50h150 hli. Lawv sab sauv feem yuav tsum tau teev nyob rau hauv cov kab rov tav dav hlau, thiab hauv qab ntawm tus tuav yog ntsia mus rau hauv uas fits subfloor. Yuav kom nws yog fastened los ntawm ib tug roj hmab, chav, thiab ces sau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub joists rhaub (mineral wool los yog ua npuas ncauj). Sab saum toj pem teb yog ua los ntawm edged board 40h150 hli.

ncej los ua ke

Lub thav duab yog lub hauv paus uas tuas rau tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog ib tug ntsug uprights kev cob cog rua ntawm kab rov tav strapping thiab bolts. Thaum tsa ncej tsev nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, kauj ruam yog kauj ruam qhia muab nruj ib theem zuj zus ntawm mounting. Cov khoom tej zaum yuav hlau los yog ntoo profile. Cov kev siv los ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau vuam khoom thiab muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm nrog nws. Rau cov ntoo ncej khoom ntoo yog siv, piv txwv li, qhib los yog larch. Racks ua qhov loj ntawm lub qhov siab ntawm lub chav tsev. Lawv muaj kev cob cog rau hauv qab phaj txoj kev "tus nplaig thiab zawj". Trimming yog ua li cas meej, tsis muaj khoob.

Xaiv qhov luaj li cas thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub posts yuav tsum, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob ntawm seb lub load kis los ntawm cov saum toj kawg nkaus. Rau lawv, tos qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov khoom, uas yog siv rau cov cladding. Racks nrog hauv qab phaj yog kev cob cog rua rau ib ntus kev zawm hniav, uas muab ntxiv rigidity siv.

Tom qab lub ntsug bar yuav tsum tau raug, nws fits rau hauv lub tsheb nqaj hlau. Nws lub ntsiab cai ntawm kev twb kev txuas yog tib yam - nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm slots zoo tib yam rau lub sab beam. Kho rau lub sab saum toj ntawm txhua khib yog ob tes, recessed los ntawm tsawg kawg 10 cm. Lub thav duab thaum kawg ntxiv dag zog rau qhov txiav nyom thiab ib ntus demountable.

Siv cov kev faib thiab phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev

Sab nraum lub tsev clapboard, clapboard siding, psevdobrusom. Sov khoom polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, yas ua npuas ncauj, mineral wool thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Lawv coj lub tshav kub-shielding thaj chaw ntawm ntau lub tsev ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, ncej tsev pheej yig tus nqi. Yuav kom nyob twj ywm tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig rwb thaiv tsev tuab yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 5 cm. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas sau tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub joists, hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj voids. Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev xaav txhim kho tshwj xeeb fasteners.

Thaum peb ua lub tuam tsev ncej, nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov ntoo lug los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm dej. Saum toj no lub rhaub yog mounted rau cov khib waterproofing zaj duab xis ces cov khoom ua si LATHING ntawm slats rau cua nyob rau hauv lub txheej tawv nqaij.

Cov phab ntsa hauv ib tug ncej tsev hauv sheathed gypsum fibrous daim hlau los yog OSB.

installation ntawm qab nthab

Qab nthab rests on lub qab nthab beams, mounted rau ib lub bar sab saum toj strapping, nyob rau lub grooves yog txiav rau lawv. Fastening kuj yuav ua tau los ntawm txoj kev steel nkhaus. Layout ua ua ntej rau hauv av. Cov beams yog tso rau hauv lub slots thiab nyab xeeb rau cov trim tes. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm sab hauv partitions ntsia tuav lub txhawb tuav. Lawv kuj txuas mus rau ntau siv nrog sab saum toj thiab hauv qab phaj. Lub uprights qhov chaw ntsia qab nthab panels ntawm Grooved boards.

Lub tsev qab nthab rwb thaiv tsev

Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub qab nthab vaj huam sib luag plank vapor barrier khoom. Nws feature nrog ib tug sib tshooj ntawm lub beam thiab luag cov khawb los yog ib daim hlab. Yuav kom pab tau raws li ib tug vapor barrier polymer week los yog tshwj xeeb zaj duab xis.

Dej ntws yaug nrog lub joists nruj haum rwb thaiv tsev: mineral los yog iav, txhab av nplaum, ua npuas ncauj. Nws muab kaw rau sab saum toj sealing zaj duab xis thiab blanketed thoob plaws lub beam ntaub thaiv npog ua los ntawm cov laug cam. Thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm ntau tshaj 500 mm stacked perpendicular mus rau lub joists, thiab ces yog av.

Qhib rau kev nkag mus rau lub 2nd pem teb yog ua los ntawm tapping lub ob crosspieces ntawm tus kab teeb.

erection ntawm lub ru tsev

Lub-ru tsev muaj ib tug txiav txim hnyav, li ntawd, nws yuav tsum cia siab rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev, uas yog twb tiav lawm, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug zoo nkauj finish. Thaum tsim tau ib tug ncej tsev (los yog lwm yam), rau cov lub-ru tsev yog tsim nyog los mus txiav txim tus nqes hav, tus xov tooj ntawm skates, vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas, loj, me, xov tooj thiab suab trusses.

Lub-ru tsev zoo zoo nkauj, yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug complex zoo. Tab sis nws yuav tsub kom lub complexity ntawm raug thiab tus nqi rau ntawm tus ncej tsev. Cov feem ntau Gable ru tsev, uas yog haum rau lub nthab thiab nthab. Tus tsim yog yooj yim thiab nws muaj tsuas yog ib tus nees. Tsis muaj tej hav (concave fab) yog ib qho kev kom zoo dua, vim tej no qhov chaw yog lub feem ntau yooj yim thiab tsis yooj yim los tsim.

Ru suab yuav tsum tau xaiv tshaj 28º, mus rub tam sim ntawd tus daus los ntawm nws. Yog hais tias nws yog ua ib 50º, yuav ho muaj dua cua loads. Lub zoo luaj li cas ntawm tus nqes hav yog suav tias yog 35-45º, uas yog zoo los ntawm ib tug tsim standpoint: yog hais tias lub ru tsev yog zij, tab sis tsis dhau ntsim. Muaj ntau tus ncej tsev ntoo nrog attics yog ua, uas yog xav paub ntau qhov chaw nyob. Rau kom yooj yim, muaj yog yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug me me phab ntsa qhov siab ntawm 1.1-1.6 m. Ces, nyob rau hauv tus nqi qis tshaj qhov chaw yuav ua tau txheej txheem ntawm txaj los yog cupboards.

Tsev ncej nrog hoob nyob sab sauv yog ib tug khaub-ncaws nyias thiab check siv, uas nrog rau txoj kev tsim kho los tsim ib tug xis chaw nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus siv ntawm lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag.

Tus ntoo khaub lig-section trusses xaiv raws li rwb thaiv tsev pov tseg therebetween, lub thickness ntawm cov uas yog feem ntau 100-150 hli. Rau hedging coj ib tug board qhov luaj li cas ntawm 150h50 hli. Nws ntev yog 6 m. Ob tug ntsia thawv boards slipping nyob rau hauv ib tes nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsab ntawv L. Tom qab ntawd, lawv yuav khav mus rau lub ru tsev thiab cov kev kawm lub yog xaiv raws li nyob rau hauv lub beam cantrail. Nyob rau tib lub overhangs yuav tsum tau uphold lub phab ntsa ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 30-55 cm. Tom qab lub laug cam yog kev cob cog rua ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab tau txais ib cov qauv ntawm cov rafters. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov nyiaj them yug yog ua los V-caj dab ib feem peb lub siab. Siv cov kev faib technology yuav siv ntawm ncej tsev li mauerlat sab saum toj ncej tubing. Qauv rau lub rafters no yog ua los nyob rau tag nrho ru tsev yuav tsiv mus nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog 70-80 cm.

Rigel yog tsis qis tshaj li cov thawj pem teb. tsis tso nws siab dhau heev lawm, li ntawd, lub kev twb kev txuas yuav tsis ua hauj lwm tsis txaus. Rafter nyob rau hauv lub caj kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv ib tug ib nrab-ko taw. Ua ntej, lawv yog muab tso rau hauv pediments, thiab tom qab ntawd ncab lub cords nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab muab tso rau hauv lub so ntawm lawv.

LATHING hom nyob rau hauv lub hom vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nws yog thinned los yog khoom. Rau tej yam zoo ntawm lub ru tsev batten txuas nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub caj beam tsis clearance.

vov tsev

Yooj yim ntaub ntawv rau vov tsev ncej tsev yog hlwv. Nws yog lub teeb, saj zawg zog, ib qho yooj yim rau nruab thiab pheej yig. Tsis zoo muaj xws li flammability thiab ceev ceev thiab laus zuj zus.

Hlau decking thiab yog ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab muab lub-ru tsev spectacular saib. Lawv yog cov yooj yim rau nruab, muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj qhov hnyav thiab qhov uas tsis muaj nqi. Los ntawm cons xws li cov suab nrov thaum lub sij hawm los nag thiab lawg.

Thaum lub-ru tsev yog npaj txhij, mounted gutter thiab kua system kom xu nag lossis daus deb ntawm lub tsev.

xaus

Rau ib tug neeg uas yog tiag xav txog ib tug nyab xeeb thiab xis kev pab, tam sim no nws tsis yog ib qho teeb meem los tsim kom tau ib tug ncej tsev nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Kauj ruam yog kauj ruam cov lus qhia yuav ua rau nws tau mus ua hauj lwm ua sai sai, nraaj, cheaply thiab tsis muaj kom raug.