Miracles Monastery. Chudov monastery nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin: keeb kwm

Muaj ntau ntawm cov neeg uas tau nyob ncig saib nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, tej zaum, tsis paub hais tias hnub no yog ib historic qhov chaw yuav saib kom meej txawv. Qhov tseeb yog tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog ib co zoo kawg lub tuam tsev thiab lub koom txoos twb puas lawm, xws li Voznesensky thiab Chudov Monastery, lub Cathedral ntawm tus Cawm Seej rau Bor thiab lwm yam keeb kwm monuments.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj

Chudov monastery nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin pib tsim lub Metropolitan ntawm Moskovskiy Aleksy. Rau nws tau raug xaiv los hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub qub Khan lub tsev hais plaub. Thaum sawv cev nyob rau ntawd. Lawv tuaj mus rau Moscow rau lub tribute. Qhov no qhov chaw tau muab nyob rau hauv kev ua tsaug rau dab tsi Alexis kho los ntawm cov dig muag poj niam Janibek - Taydulu. Tsam tus kheej mus rau lub Horde pab cov neeg pluag poj niam.

Chiv, lub tsev teev ntuj ua tau Arhistratiga Mihaila. Nws twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1365. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob pawg ntseeg nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Miracles monastery tom qab lub npe hu ua lub Great Lavra (nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XVII century), thaum Patriarch Filaret.

Nyob rau hauv 1771 nyob rau hauv Moscow erupted txawj plague riot, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub monastery twb looted mercilessly cov pej xeem.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Lavxias teb sab-Fabkis ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv 1812 Chudov monastery, cov duab uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, tau nyob los ntawm qhov Fabkis. Ntawm no yog lub tsev hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Napoleon. Lub thaj ntawm lub monastery yog undeveloped luxurious chav pw rau Marshal Davoust. Lub tuam tsev yog faus nws tus tsim - Tsam Alexy. Nws relics twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj mus txog rau thaum 1686. Lawv tom qab pauv mus rau lub Koom Txoos ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Tsam Alexy.

Lawv rebuilt lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv 1814. Ib tug tshwj xeeb pab rau qhov no ua rau cov kws kes duab vajtse M. Bykovsky. Ua tsaug rau nws kev nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov monastery nyob bronze iconostasis nrog loj muaj koob muaj npe qhov rooj ua los ntawm nyiaj.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub monastery nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm

Chudov monastery nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin rau ntau xyoo ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv 1382 nws pab tub rog ravaged Tokhtamysh. Nyob rau hauv 1441 muaj deposed los ntawm cov Moscow Tsam Isidore, twb nyuam qhuav rov qab los ntawm Florence Cathedral. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj coj los Isidore kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov union nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv Moscow, nrog rau cov kev txiav txim siab peb tsis pom zoo. Isidore deposed thiab kaw nyob rau hauv ib tug monastery.

Nyob rau hauv 1504, nyob rau hauv lub Chudov Monastery nws tau raug kaw koj fighter tiv thaiv heresy - Novgorod Tsam Gerontius. Cov tib txoj hmoo overtook thiab laus Bassion. Nyob rau hauv 1610 Tsar Vasily IV deposed, thiab nyob rau hauv lub monastery nws twb forcibly tonsured raws li ib tug monk. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub monastery ntawm tes starved rau txoj kev tuag ob xyoos tom qab Patriarch Hermogenes. Peb yuav tsuas twv ntau npaum li cas kev txom nyem pom Miracles Monastery. Thov Vajtswv Arhangelu Mihailu feem ntau nyuaj nyob rau hauv nws arches.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub monastery nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawv

Miracles monastery ua ib tug loj loj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia. Ob tug ntawm nws Archimandrite Adrian thiab Joakim, tau raug xaiv ua yawg suab. Hierodeacon Timothy los ua saib xyuas tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj ceremonies noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Moscow. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Peter I. Thaum nyob rau hauv 1737 lub Diocese txum tim rov qab nyob rau hauv lub Miracle tuam tsev revived cov kev ua ub lub rooj zaum ntawm lub Moscow hierarchs.

Ntawm no nws ua hauj lwm Epiphany Slavinetsky - los ntawm lub Kiev Academy. Nyob rau hauv 1658 nws pauv mus rau lub Patriarch "dohturskuyu phau ntawv." Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov kev kho mob cov ntaub ntawv tau tsis tshua muaj heev, raws li, tseeb, thiab cov tshuaj rau nws tus kheej, uas tau txais kev pab xwb lub siab tshaj plaws tug neeg. Rau nws ua hauj lwm tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm Epiphany thaum lub sij hawm cov puav pheej - 10 rubles. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm rau ib tug thaum, thiab Arseny Greek.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub monastery

Feeb nyob rau hauv lub Chudov monastery rau kev kawm thiab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub siab phem tus ntawm secular haiv neeg muab lub boyars 'cov me nyuam. Lawv nyob hauv lub monastery kom txog rau thaum kaum, thiab ces rov qab mus rau lub fold. Raws li contemporaries, nyob rau hauv cov hnub abode ntau zoo li ib tug lub tsev kawm ntawv rau lub aristocracy es ib tug monastery.

Ntawm no kuv nyob ib lub sij hawm ntev Carion Istomin - Enlightenment los ntawm lub Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv 1662 nws tsim lub ABC, uas tom qab muab tus poj huab tais Natale Kirillovne rau kev kawm ntawv nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv - tub huabtais Alexei.

Lub heyday ntawm lub tuam tsev

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws ncov Miracles monastery mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo. Ces nws hu ua lub Great Lavra. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nrog kev pab los ntawm Patriarch Filaret no nws pib mus rau noj nws cov thawj tub kawm ntawv ntawm lub Greek-Latin Academy. Nyob rau hauv lub sacristy ntawm lub monastery khaws cia rau hauv lub zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev koom tes ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tsars, boyars thiab cov poj princes. Muaj ib tug lossis loj cov tsev qiv ntawv nrog priceless kuaj ntawm ancient cov phau ntawv. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab depositories.

Lub monastery muaj plaub lub tuam tsev. Thaum pib ntawm lub XVI xyoo pua (1501 g) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ancient, tab sis rhuav los ntawm lub sij hawm hauv lub tuam tsev ua lub Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila. Alekseevskaya pob zeb lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub XV caug xyoo. Nws hlawv ib tug ob peb lub sij hawm, ces rebuilt ob peb lub sij hawm. Tab sis txawm qhov no, muaj rau centuries ua kevcai raus dej lub muaj koob muaj npe me nyuam. Muaj cai raus dej cov me nyuam ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, Alexis - lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais, Peter kuv, thiab huab tais Alexander II. Adorn lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm yog tej riam phom ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog ntes nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Persian tsov rog ntawm 1816.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Annunciation tsev teev ntuj tau koom Alexis. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 1501 thiab rebuilt nyob rau hauv 1826. Nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg no nws twb Revered los ntawm txhiab ntawm parishioners Nikolaya Chudotvortsa icon.

Tab sis qhov tseem me me-sized lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm St. Andrew primordial.

Tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub Soviet era

Nyob rau hauv 1917 lub tsev teev ntuj twb phem heev puas. Tsoom fwv ntawm lub Soviet koom pheej tsiv los ntawm Petrograd mus rau lub Kremlin. Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm lub monks txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv lub monastery, tab sis qhov no neeg zej zog khib tus tshiab cov tub ceev xwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1919 lub tsev teev ntuj twb kaw. Chiv, muaj tau muab tso rau koom "Communist" thiab ua ib tug lub tsev pheeb suab-nyeem ntawv chav tsev. Nws twb tom qab pauv mus rau lub Lechsanupra, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv thiab lwm yam dignitaries. Nyob rau hauv 1929, lub Miracles thiab Ascension Monastery kev puas tsuaj. Nws coj qhov chaw rau qhov kev siv ntawm tsev kawm ntawv cov vaj tse commanders ntawm lub Red Army. Lub tsev project yog tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Rerberg.

Cov thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral raug kev txom nyem relics ntawm St. Alexis. Nyob rau hauv 1947, qhov kev thov ntawm Alexis kuv, lawv pauv mus rau cov tub txib thiab lub Cathedral, qhov twg dag niaj hnub no. Cov nqi tshaj plaws icon twb tau tsiv mus rau lub Kremlin Armory thiab cov Tretyakov Gallery.

Lub tsev teev ntuj thiab Kremlin pawg ntseeg puas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX

Tu siab, nyob rau hauv lub XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin nws twb puas 17 lub koom txoos uas yog cov cim keeb kwm monuments. Ancient daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab infographics tso cai mus saib tias nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog, sib nrug los ntawm lub Ascension thiab cov Miracle Monastery, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Constantine rau lub taw tiab, lub Koom Txoos ntawm lub Annunciation, Cathedral ntawm txoj kev Hloov Hlo, ib tug stunning monument rau Alexander II thiab lwm tus neeg.

Miracles restore lub monastery ... Yog nws ua tau?

Tsis ntev los no, nws twb tau qhia hais tias Lavxias teb sab President V. V. Putin kom lub restoration ntawm Voznesensky thiab Chudov monasteries.

Siv cov kev faib ua hauj lwm yuav pib tom qab lub pre-excavation. Niaj hnub no zoo ntawm Ivanovo (hu ua Imperial) cheeb tsam nkawd heev paub. Nws nkawd zoo kawg hais tias thaum nws ntsia txawv. Tsuas yog cov duab ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua thiab Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow rau ib daim ntawv qhia muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas txhua yam yog luxurious thiab grand. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub monastery yog tam sim no ib tug unremarkable tsev ntawm lub 14th koom haum pab tsev, uas tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm xyoo rau nws kho.

Daim ntawv qhia txog cov Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow, yog hais tias peb muab txim ib daim duab ntawm lub puam tsuaj monasteries rau nws (Chudov thiab Ascension), kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias ntau npaum li cas qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov kev puas tsuaj tuam tsev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub chaw uas zoo heev nyob rau hauv uas tam sim no vaj tse cov 14th Corps, lawv nyob ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov Ivanovo cheeb tsam (yuav luag mus rau lub Tsar Cannon).

loj-scale project

Kws txawj thiab historians tshwm sim los ntawm lub zeem muag rau yav tom ntej hauj lwm. Cov nyiaj ntawm lub Tretyakov Gallery dim tsuas muaj xya frescoes ntawm lub Chudov monastery, ib tug ob peb yog nyob rau hauv lwm yam puas. Sab laug, thiab ncauj lus kom ntxaws drawings ntawm cov vaj tse. Folders nrog nws, txuj ci tseem ceeb fwm roughing drawings poj ntsuam ntawm ib tus paub txog muab rau cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture. Nws tus txiv tau sim cov feem ntau ncauj lus kom ntxaws sketch thiab ntsuas lub monasteries paub meej. Raws li cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, rau cov drawings thiab drafts tau los yog hais tias tsis tag nrho cov khaub ncaws ntau ntawm cov monastery, lub ntsiab tsim lawv rau nco ntsoov.

Lub Kremlin hnub no tau rov qab los rau hauv lub ancient halls ntawm lub Kremlin Palace, recreated lub legendary Liab Qab khav yog phab. Tiam sis nyob rau rov qab los ntawm lub biggest losses ntawm lub XX xyoo pua nyuam qhuav zaum thiab historians yuav tsis txawm npau suav txog.

Rau cov tsim, excavation, siv tej zaum yuav siv li ob peb decades. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog qhov point. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv lub kawg lub ntsej muag ntawm lub Kremlin yuav tsum tau rov qab.