Xov xwm thiab Society, Philosophy
Maieutics - nws ... maieutics nyob rau hauv philosophy
Qhov zoo philosopher Socrates yees ua ib lub cim qauv ntawm cov kev sib tham hu ua maieutics. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo heev txheej txheem, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog yuav luag tib txoj kev mus hais nws tus nrog sib ntaus rov qab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub interlocutor yuav cleverly cornered los ntawm nws cov nqe lus. Yuav ua li cas yog lub essence thiab uniqueness ntawm no txoj kev? Wb sim kom paub tseeb.
Socrates thiab nws lub neej
Nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Socrates Tsis ntau yog paub, txawm li cas los, cov lus qhia uas tau mus txog rau peb los ntawm lub centuries, yog heev nthuav.
Socrates - lub Athenian philosopher, yug nyob rau hauv 469 BC. e. Nws nws daim duab cim ib tug thiaj li hu ua tig nyob rau hauv philosophy - los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tib neeg saib xyuas.
Nrog kev xav txog lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov philosopher, ib co theologians patristic lub sij hawm kos analogies ntawm Socrates thiab Yexus. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus thawj yog tus tub ntawm lub sculptor. Nyob rau hauv adulthood, nws yuav Xanthippe - heev grumpy poj niam, uas nws lub npe tau txawm ua ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg lub npe.
"Kuv tsuas paub hais tias kuv paub tsis muaj dab tsi, tab sis lwm tus neeg twb tsis paub nws." Tej zaum txhua leej txhua tus tau hnov kab lus no, uas, raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg hais tias, yog Socrates. Raws li txoj ntsiab cai no nws nyob.
Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus philosopher tsis tawm hauv qab ib tug kab xwb. Nws xav thiab kev ntseeg ntawm noob neej tau paub tsuas yog los ntawm cov lus sau nws cov thwj tim - Xenophon thiab Plato. Socrates twb ntxias hais tias sau ntawv cia nws xav tsis muaj zog txog cov tib neeg nco. Los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm nws cov thwj tim txawj xav nws summed siv skillfully lub raws kev sib tham. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev sib tham thiab dialogues nws tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev, tam sim no lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm maieutics. Qhov no yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug zoo pab rau philosophical thought.
Lub sim ntawm Socrates thiab kev tuag ntawm tus philosopher
Nyob rau hauv 399 BC, tus poj sage twb liam ntawm kev thuam thiab corrupting cov hluas tiam. Nyob rau hauv lub nkoj kawm Socrates peb kawm los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Plato thiab Xenophon. Philosopher tsis kam them tus zoo, raws li tau zoo raws li lub tswv yim txog tej phooj ywg mus nyiag nws los ntawm tsev lojcuj.
Yog Socrates ciaj tiag tiag ua txhaum? Raws li niaj hnub historians, ntawm Cambridge University, nws yog. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm eccentric philosopher yuav yeej yuav dej num raws li kev ua txhaum cai.
Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub txawj xav twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag, thiab nws coj cov tshuaj lom nws tus kheej. Tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm Socrates piav nyob rau hauv kom meej lub tib Plato. Yuav ua li cas raws nraim nws taug sage tsis paub hais tias. Raws li ib tug hypothesis, nws twb pom hemlock.
Socrates muaj tseeb los ua ib tug tsim txom los ntawm nws txoj kev txawj ntse. Txawm li cas los, nws xav nyob niaj hnub no, xws li ciaj sia thiab cim txoj kev maieutics. Cia peb sim kom to taub nyob rau hauv ntau yam nws yog dab tsi, dab tsi yog nws tus yam ntxwv.
Lub Socratic method
Maieutics - yog "lub kos duab ntawm lub midwife," raws li nws hu ua nws Socrates ciaj nws tus kheej. Koj muaj peev xwm tseem yuav pom xws li ib tug txhais raws li ib tug "Socratic irony" los yog "Socratic sib tham."
Maieutics nyob rau hauv philosophy - yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib txoj kev los mus siv tus cai hais txog "Paub koj tus kheej." Nrog cov txheej txheem no tus nrog sib ntaus yog tsis tsuas paub txog nws tsis ncaj ncees lawm, nws kuj ua ib tug competitor ntawm paub txog qhov tseeb. "Tsis muaj dab tsi muaj zog tshaj kev txawj ntse" - thiaj li hais tias Socrates ...
Nyob rau hauv Greek, maieutics - ib tug "midwife kos duab." Lub essence ntawm no txoj kev dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias los ntawm qhov chaw kawm Muab qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim cov lus nug kom nws coj tus interlocutor to taub lub tiag tiag lub xeev ntawm affairs. Yog li, tus nrog sib ntaus nws los mus rau qhov tseeb, thiab koj cia li ntsiag to thawb nws mus rau nws.
Maieutics Socrates - yog thawj thiab foremost lub peev xwm los tsa cov lus nug literate sib tham. Lub philosopher yog ntseeg hais tias ib tug paub txog qhov tseeb yuav tuaj tsuas yog los ntawm nws tus kheej-kev txawj ntse ntawm lwm tus neeg. Thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau ib tug purification txoj kev yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov lus nug txog lub essence ntawm no los yog tias tshwm sim.
Maieutics Socrates - cov riam phom nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse sib cav tswv yim
Qhov zoo philosopher tus kheej tsim ib txoj kev uas tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb rau tam sim no hnub. Tsis muaj ib tug yuav tsis kam lees hais tias nws yog kev sib tham, kev sib tham, constructive sib cav tswv yim yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub cuab tam rau muab tshiab paub thiab to taub ntawm lawv cov theem ntawm incompetence.
Nyob rau hauv kev, Socrates nyob rau hauv nws lub neej thiab xwb ces ua li cas nws twb nug cov lus nug. Nws nyiam tham nrog cov khav txiv neej, soj ntsuam yuav ua li cas nws, entangled nyob rau hauv nws lo qhia lus nug tam sim ntawd yuav poob tag nrho nws arrogance thiab cog qoob loo.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev sib tham nyob rau hauv ib tug "lo lus nug-lus teb" twb koom siv, thiab lwm yam philosophers, nyob rau hauv particular - lub sophists. Txawm li cas los, lawv muaj xws li ib tug tsis sib haum yog pawg ib tug kawg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Tab sis Socrates yeej tsis koom nyob rau hauv verbiage, nws ntseeg hais tias tej kev sib tham yuav tsum ua rau ib lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv nws tham nws nws tus kheej tau sim mus nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov lus nug yuav tsum muaj ntawm cov hav zoov: "Yuav ua li cas yog zoo ? Ntawm phem", "Yuav ua li cas yog kev ncaj ncees?" thiab m. p.
Piv txwv maieutics Socrates
Socrates yog ib tug heev txawj ntse, ironic thiab txaus ntshai luag. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev sib tham nws ua txuj mus ua ib tug naïve simpleton, luring nws tus nrog sib ntaus nyob rau hauv lub treacherous network.
Fwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug kev sib tham nrog ib co sage Menon. Yuav pib nrog lub caij nyoog kawg no, Socrates nug txog txoj kev uas cov kev ua ub. Tsis suspecting tej ua kom yuam kev, zoo-natured Menon pib qhia ib philosopher. Heev sai sai no, txawm li cas los, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov saum toj no cov lus nug kom raug, qhov tas mus li poob. Socrates, nyob rau hauv lem, tseem sneer ntawm lub naive raug tsim txom.
Thaum tus nrog sib ntaus loses nws tus kheej-kev tso siab, nws yog npaj txhij rau ib tug sib koom nrhiav qhov tseeb. Nug lwm, Socrates nws tus kheej researched qhov kev kawm ntawm kev sib tham, vim hais tias nws tsis tau xav txog nws tus kheej cob. Yog vim li cas nws hu ua nws kos duab "midwives", vim hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug kev sib tham thiab qhov tseeb yog yug los.
luv luv cov lus xaus
Yog li, maieutics nyob rau hauv philosophy - yog kos duab rau ntawm cov lus nug. Socrates yog ntseeg hais tias "paub - nws txhais tau hais tias paub dab tsi nws yog." Qhov ntawd yog, yuav tsum tau ncaj ncees, koj yuav tsum to taub meej li cas kev ncaj ncees yog, thiab muaj peev xwm mus muab nws ib tug txaus txhais. Yog li, Socrates yog thawj tsa mus rau theem ntawm kev paub txog cov tswv yim.
Qhov teeb meem ua ntej peb maieutics txoj kev tau tsis poob nws qhov tseeb txawm tias tom qab ntau tshaj li ob txhiab lub xyoos tom qab nws tsim muaj. Thiab hnub no koj yuav tau raws li craftsmen uas zoo siv cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv xyaum.
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