Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov dev: lub keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Plaub-legged cov phooj ywg - ib feem ntawm peb lub neej. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam yuav ua li cas yuav tib neeg nyob tsis muaj tej kev ncaj ncees pab. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov dev - ib lo lus nug uas muaj tseem tsis muaj tseeb lo lus teb. Muaj ntau ntau lub versions, ua ntau tshaj li ib txhiab caj thwmsim thiab xeem, tab sis cov nqe lus nug tseem tseem qhib. Sim kom to taub txog muaj yog ib tug hypothesis thiab paub yog vim li cas ib ncig ntawm lub domestication ntawm peb plaub-legged cov phooj ywg thiaj li muaj ntau secrets.

kev tshawb xav ntawm evolution

Aub - ib tug predatory plaub canine. Raws li evolutionary kev tshawb xav, nyob rau hauv thawj ntu ntawm lub Paleogene - Paleocene (50 lab xyoo dhau los) twb muaj ib tug detachment of prey, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv ob suborders: feliformia thiab caniformia. Ib qho ntawm thawj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub thib ob suborder ntseeg xws ib tug tsiaj li progesperotsion. Thaum ua tib zoo xam tau tias yog nws fossils, peb yuav xaus uas nws yog zoo li ib tug aub: ib tug ntau lub qhov ncauj, ntse hniav, siab ob txhais ceg, ntev lub cev. Thaum lub sij hawm, lub suborder yog tseem muab faib ua peb pawg.

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg muaj cov neeg sawv cev xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv progesperotsiona thib ob - borophagus tsev neeg, thiab peb - hma. Nws yog qhov kawg tsev neeg ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab dev yog ze ze, vim hais tias, raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm evolution, peb plaub-legged cov phooj ywg coj nws los ntawm lub hma.

kwv yees Darwin

Darwin lub ntoj ke mus kawm rau lub rooj tsavxwm hauv lub "Beagle," tso cai rau nws mus taug kev mus rau txawv teb chaws. Nws, zoo li lwm leej lwm tus, nws kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm cov dev thiab sim mus nrhiav qhov tseeb. Darwin pom muaj ib qho interesting txawv, uas yog hais tias lub breeds ntawm cov dev nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw no zoo heev nyob rau hauv lawv cov sab nraud nta rau nyob muaj lub genus hma. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug cheeb tsam lub tsev aub yog zoo heev rau cov hma nyob muaj, thiab lwm yam - nyob rau jackals. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv ua tau nyob yam tsiaj ntawm cov dev zoo ib yam li lub zos ua npua.

Piv txwv li, ib co kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tau hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm cov dev vim lub fact tias, raws li ib feem ntawm uncontrolled chaw ua taus zes tshwm sim crossbreeding txawv tsiaj: hma, hma, jackals, hma (vim hais tias txhua tus neeg sawv cev ntawm 39 officers ntawm chromosomes, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug hybrid tiam). Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txhua yam tsiaj tau qhia zoo sib xws nrog lub ntawd los yog lwm yam views, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ho sib txawv los ntawm nws. Tab sis tiag tiag, ib txhia breeds yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov hma liab, jackals thiab ib co nyob rau hauv. Thiab yog hais tias peb ntxiv rau qhov no xaiv thiab dag xaiv, nws yog tau hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hom dev yog txuam nrog rau cov hla kev ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm tib tsev neeg.

Ib lwm saib

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus aub tseem hais txog hma lub siab, tej zaum ntseeg hais tias nws tuaj ntawm lub "prasobaki". Tej zaum 30-40 lab lub xyoo dhau los, muaj lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm ua npua, uas yog lub txwv zeej txwv koob cov domestic aub. Muaj pov thawj hais tias nyob rau hauv lub excavations ntawm qhov seem ntawm ancient cov tsiaj, zoo li cov dev tau pom. Txawm li cas los, tej kev puag thiab pov thawj ntawm no taw tes ntawm view tsis muaj nyob.

Lub phenotype ntawm dev thiab aub yug me nyuam rau

Raws li peb tau pom, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov dev yog tsis qoos taub. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj hais tsis raug, los ntawm uas lawv xwb. Tab sis txawm ntau nthuav yog khoom neeg tsim xaiv thiab yug me nyuam. Muaj txog plaub txawv breeds ntawm cov dev. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv qhov siab, hnyav, xim, zoo lawm ntawm pob ntseg thiab tus Tsov tus tw, thiab ntau lwm yam npiv zas ntawm domestication.

Ib yam kev ua si uas nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog mus yug thiab txhim kho cov breeds ntawm cov dev hu ua dev. Selective kuaj yog feem ntau raws li lub hom phiaj tshem tawm ntawm ib tug tsiaj ntawm cov dev. Muaj peb cheeb tsam: hniav, yos hav zoov thiab kev pab cuam. Rau txhua muaj tej yam uas yuav tsum tau: qhov hnyav, qhov siab, lub taub hau, lub ntsej muag, qhov ntswg, thiab lwm yam

nthuav ntaub ntawv

Tus me tshaj tsiaj ntawm cov dev - nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, Chihuahua. Ib qho ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev nug nug nyhav 600 grams thiab muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm 10 centimeters. Chuhuahua - ntxim hlub tsiaj luag. Lawv yog cov heev paub txaj muag, mas tej kev cai no. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj plaws aub (Great Dane tsiaj) - Zeus, ib tug kev loj hlob ntawm 110 cm thiab ib tug luj ntawm hais txog 70 kg. Qhov no giant tsiaj ntawm cov dev yog qab zib heev thiab playful, tiam sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm cov tswv. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no tsiaj feem ntau yog kawm raws li ib tug bodyguard.

Keeb kwm ntawm lo lus "aub" yog tseem them nrog ib tug ntau ntawm secrets thiab mysteries. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, nws los tshwm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th. Muaj ntau ntau lub versions txog lub keeb kwm ntawm cov lo lus. Ib tug neeg xav hais tias nws los ntawm tus Turkic "Kobyak", uas translates li "nyeg tsiaj qus." Thaum lub sij hawm, lub Slavs muab nws mus rau hauv ib tug yooj yim dua cov lus hais "aub". Ntau scientific version, uas yuav scholars xws li Miller thiab Vasmer, lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lo lus "aub" yog muab los ntawm lub Iranian sabāka, uas translates li "ceev ceev." "Aub" los yog "hort" kom txog thaum lub xyoo pua 12th yog hu ua cov tsiaj. Thiab nws yog nthuav tias "aub" siv nyob rau hauv cov dev nrog tuab cov plaub hau, tiam sis lub "hort", on qhov tsis tooj, rau qhov hairless breeds.