Long-term cim xeeb ntawm cov computer. cia li

A computer yog siv los ua rau kom cov efficiency ntawm tib neeg ua hauj lwm. Tab sis txawm nws yog tsim nyog, yog tias kuv yuav tsis cia cov ntaub ntawv? Nyob rau hauv thiaj li ua, nws yuav pab lub ntsiab thiab lwm (non-volatile) cim xeeb ntawm cov computer. Txawm tias lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm no yog tus thib ob mus ua kom tiav cov duab, ib nqe lus nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm thiab yuav udelon thawj.

Uas hais txog cov mus rau lub ntsiab nco?

Nws muaj xws li:

1. Ib tug random nkag nco. Nws yog volatile, thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv nws ploj lawm thaum lub computer shuts.
2. Cob phum cia ntaus ntawv. Nws yog uas tsis yog-volatile. Nyob rau hauv nws yog cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws txhawj xeeb configuration ntawm cov PC thiab cov software uas mus rau lub tivthaiv pab kiag li lawm ua ntej loading lub operating system. ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws Cheebtsam yog kuj muab no - qhov yooj yim tswv yim / tso zis system, lub npe hu ua lub BIOS. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ROM thiab ntev-lub sij hawm nco lub computer muaj ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv ntau. Tab sis vim yog qhov txawv nyob rau hauv lub cia ntaub ntawv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv sib qhia.

koom haum pab kev nco

Yog li ntawd hu ua qhov chaw nyob rau heev cia yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog tam sim no siv computer ua hauj lwm zoo tivthaiv. Cov no muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov kev pab cuam, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm suav, ntawv thiab tshaj.

Sab nraud cov cim xeeb yog non-volatile. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog yooj yim los mus thauj nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg computers tsis koom nyob rau hauv ib tug LAN los yog WAN. Mus ua hauj lwm nrog rau lwm nco, koj yuav tsum kom tau ib tug tsav. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb ntaus ntawv (s) uas yuav pab rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj thiab kev nyeem ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum tau yog cia mechanisms - media.

Ib tug tseem ceeb sib txawv los ntawm uas tsis yog-volatile nco RAM no yog hais tias nws twb tsis muaj nyiaj tso ncaj kev sib txuas lus nrog rau cov processor. Nws yuav muab kev pab tej yam inconveniences muaj rau cov nyom cov qauv ntawm cov PC. Yog li ntawd, cov ua hauj lwm zoo thiab ntev-lub sij hawm cim xeeb ntawm cov computer ua hauj lwm ua ke: los ntawm tus thib ob cov ntaub ntawv yog kis tau ua ntej, thiab ces los ntawm ib tug cache los yog ncaj nraim mus rau lub processor.

Yuav ua li cas yog muaj nyob rau hauv rau sab nraud nco?

Yuav kom to taub li cas peb yuav soj ntsuam nrog, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog tej yam ib tug sab nraud cov ntaub ntawv cia ntaus ntawv. Yog li ntawd, kho nws:

1. Hard disk drives. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv warehouse yog siv raws li ib tug qhia ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tau khaws tseg rau hauv computer.
2. Peb tsav tsheb rau muag nthas disks. Outdated. Siv rau thauj cov kev pab cuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm computers.
3. Drives rau lub CDs. Lawv yuav siv los khaws cov loj nyiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
4. Flash Drives. Lawv yuav siv los khaws cov loj nyiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tej khoom me me.
5. Rau lwm nco yog tag nrho cov lwm yam drives, uas tau yooj yim yuav pauv mus rau lwm computers. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv yog outdated thiab tawm ntawm kev.

cais

Cov cia li raug muab faib ua ntau hom thiab pawg. Raws li pobzeb nqa tej ntsiab cai ntawm lawv lub lag luam, ua hauj lwm thiab kev software, lub cev thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Txhua ntaus ntawv nws muaj nws tus kheej cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv technology / cia / playback ntawm digital media. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv (rau lawv nws yog ua tau cais):

1. Cov kev ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pauv.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj peev xwm.
3. Cov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cia.
4. Nqi.

Ntawm no li tsis thiab txawv cia li. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj cov tseem ntau yam sib txawv nta, tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau ntawm kev txaus siab xwb rau cov tub txawg.

magnetic pab kiag li lawm

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub cia ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas lub magnetic thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv. Cov pab kiag li lawm lawv tus kheej, feem ntau muaj yam uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev nyeem ntawv / sau ntawv thiab ib tug sib nqus cab kuj uas tag nrho cov khaws cia. Xeem yog muab faib mus rau hauv hom nyob rau lawv lub cev thiab kev yam ntxwv thiab kev kawm ntawv nta. Feem ntau cov feem ntau paim daim kab xev thiab disk drives. Lawv muaj ib qho technology: piv txwv li, siv ib tug magnetizing alternating magnetic teb no yog ua ntawv thov thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau nyeem. Cov dab yog feem ntau ua raws concentric teb. Cov no yog cov tshwj xeeb lem uas nyob thoob plaws lub teb pab txhawb nqa lub dav hlau. Sau ntawv yog ua nyob rau hauv lub digital code.

Magnetization yog ua tiav dhau ntawm txoj kev siv cov nyeem / sau taub hau. Lawv yog cov tsawg kawg yog ob controllable magnetic Circuit Court nrog cov tub ntxhais. Lawv winding yog noj AC voltage. Yog hais tias nws tus nqi yog hloov, tib siv rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov magnetic teb kab. Thaum zoo li no cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv me ntsis yog hloov los ntawm 0 mus rau 1 los yog los ntawm 1 mus rau 0. Qhov no yog vim hais tias tus ntaus ntawv yog txheej txheem computer-volatile nco.

Dua li ntawm qhov khees complexity thiab lub slowness ntawm xws li ib tug tswvyim, peb twv kom paub tseeb tias koj hais tias cov kev xav yog tsis tau ncajncees. Yog li ntawd, lub computer ntawm cov niaj hnub hard disk drives yuav ua tau rau tej lub sij hawm mus rau extract loj heev lawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog hais tias cov qhov tso zis efficiency tau, lub sab nraud nco ntaus ntawv, tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm ob peb xyoos, nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov pua pua los yog txhiab ntawm lub sij hawm siab tshaj cov uas tau tsim ob xyoo dhau los.

lub koom haum

Cov ntaub ntawv rau lub operating system yog systematized thiab ua ke mus rau hauv sectors thiab lem. Qhov kawg nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov plaub caug los yog yim caum daim yog nqaim concentric rings rau lub disk. Txhua khiav yog muab faib mus rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw, uas yog hu ua cov nplais. Thaum lub nyeem los yog sau ntawv, kuv yeej ib txwm nyeem lawv integer. Thiab nws tsis yog nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas thov tuaj. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm ib tug sector yog 512 bytes.

Nws yuav tsum tau tseem yuav paub nrog lub sij hawm, raws li ib tug lub tog raj kheej. Yog li ntawd peb hu mus rau lub tag nrho cov lem, los ntawm uas koj muaj peev xwm nyeem ntaub ntawv tsis tsiv lub taub hau. Cell cov ntaub ntawv kev tso kawm (los yog pawg) yog hu ua qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cheeb tsam ntawm lub disk uas yog siv los ntawm lub operating system sau cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, lawv twb paub lawm ib los yog ntau tshaj sectors.

Hais txog drives. Hard drives

Feem ntau cov tseem ceeb mus ua hauj lwm uas niaj hnub computers li ntaub ntawv repositories muaj zog drives rau peb. Nyob rau hauv lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug pob yog feem ntau siv ncaj qha nruab nrab nyeem / sau ntaus ntawv thiab cov interface ib feem (feem ntau xa mus rau raws li xws). Qhov ntawd xws li cov chav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb chamber, qhov uas lawv yeej nyob rau tib axis thiab ua hauj lwm nrog lub taub hau lub tsev thiab cov mechanism leading. Hard drives yog tam sim no lub feem ntau lug siv li nrog ib tug muaj peev xwm - yog tam sim no heev ob peb cov neeg yuav tsum tau mus ua surprise ib repository ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau 1 los yog txawm 10 terabytes. Tiam sis nws tseem muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev ceev ntawm lub lag luam. Yog li ntawd, thaum kuv pib ua hauj lwm, cov ntaub ntawv kev nyeem ntawv txheej txheem yuav coj ntau tshaj ib tug teb vib nas this. Txawm tias, thaum piv nrog rau cov laus ua qauv, cov kev ceev ntawm kev kawm yog tshwm tag.

Nyob rau drives, portable ntaus ntawv

Hard drives, raws li tau hais ntau ntau zaus hais txog, yuav cia ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis lawv cov transposition los ntawm ib lub computer mus rau lwm tsis yog ib qho yooj yim tshaj plaws. Thiab qhov no mus rau cov kev pab ntawm portable pab kiag li lawm.

Qhov no tej mechanisms uas nws yog ua tau tsis muaj teeb meem loj mus rau cov hloov ntaub ntawv ntawm txawv computers. Lub volume ntawm sab nraud nco lawv tau ua tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas xws li ib tug hard disk, tab sis ua tsaug rau qhov yooj yim ntawm tsheb thauj mus los thiab kev twb kev txuas (thiab ces nyeem cov ntaub ntawv) lawv tau pom lawv niche. Tam sim no, feem ntau nrov yog ob hom xws li: flash drives thiab kho qhov muag discs. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, tab sis lub ntiaj teb no tau ntev lawm ib tug nyiam nws gradual qaug dab peg ntawm tus thawj hom kiag li lawm.

xaus

Raws li koj tau pom, rau qhov ntev-lub sij hawm cim xeeb ntawm cov computer siv ib tug ntau ntawm txawv kiag li lawm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muab cov ntaub ntawv cia rau ib tug txiav txim lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, raws li tau zoo raws li tau tshem tawm lawv cov.

Summing li, peb yuav hais tias lub sij hawm ntev cim xeeb ntawm cov computer kiag li txaus siab rau nws haumxeeb.