Livelihoods thiab cov qauv ntawm algae. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov algae

Yuav ua li cas zoo nkauj thiab amazing underwater ntiaj teb no, cia li raws li nws yog mysterious. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, zaum nrhiav tau ib co kiag li tshiab thiab txawv txawv tsiaj kawm zoo kawg thaj chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, expanding lub tshav pob ntawm daim ntawv thov.

Cov muaj ntawm dej hiav txwv, seas, dej ntws, cov pas dej thiab swamps yog tsis raws li muaj ntau haiv neeg raws li av, tab sis kuj cim thiab zoo nkauj. Peb yuav sim mus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi yog cov amazing underwater nroj tsuag, algae thiab dab tsi yog qhov qauv ntawm lawv cov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej thiab lwm yam nyob beings.

Systematic txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov organic ntiaj teb no system

Raws li feem ntau txais cov qauv, algae mas suav tias yog ib pab pawg neeg ntawm sab nroj tsuag. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub faj tim teb chaws Cell nceeg vaj nroj tsuag thiab subkingdoms Lower cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no faib raws li ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev.

Lub npe lawv tau txais muaj peev xwm loj hlob thiab ua neej nyob rau hauv dej. Latin lub npe - Algae. Li no nws yog tsim thiab lub npe ntawm science, koom nyob rau hauv ib tug tshawb kom ntxaws txog cov kab, lawv cov nyiaj txiag muaj nqis thiab cov qauv, - phycology.

kev faib ntawm algae

Niaj hnub nimno ntaub ntawv tso cai rau peb kom muaj xws li tag nrho cov muaj cov lus qhia txog cov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kaum departments. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov qauv yog tsim nyog thiab tseem ceeb heev kev ua si ntawm algae.

1. Blue-ntsuab ib leeg-celled, los yog cyanobacteria. Cov neeg sawv cev: cyan, Monera, mikrotsistisy thiab lwm tus neeg.
2. Diatoms. Cov no muaj xws pinnulyariya, Navicula, plevrosigma, melozira, gomfonema, sinedra thiab lwm tus neeg.
3. Kub. Cov neeg sawv cev hrizodendron, hromulina, primnezium thiab lwm tus neeg.
4. Porphyry. Cov muaj xws li cov flooring.
5. Brown. Kelp, Sargassum, cystoseira thiab lwm tus neeg.
6. Daj-ntsuab. Qhov no muaj xws li cov chav kawm ntawv xws li Ksantopodovye, Ksantokokkovye, Ksantomonadovye.
7. Liab. Gratsillyariya, ahnfeltia, whelk.
8. Ntsuab. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Chlorella thiab lwm tus neeg.
9. Evshenovye. Lawv yog cov feem ntau txheej thaum ub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntsuab.
10. Stoneworts. Hara raws li lub ntsiab tus neeg sawv cev.

Qhov no kev faib tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm cov algae, thiab tsuas yog qhia tau hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm mus photosynthesize txawv depths, uas qhia cov pigmentation ntawm ib tug xim. Xws li painting nroj tsuag yog ib tug kos npe rau los ntawm cov uas nws belongs rau ib qho kev department.

Algae: lub yam ntxwv nta

Lawv lub ntsiab qhov txawv feature - yog hais tias lub cev yog tsis txawv mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Hais tias yog, tsis muaj algae, zoo li ntau dua cov nroj tsuag, ib tug ntshiab division ntawm kev khiav, muaj raws ntawm qia, nplooj thiab paj, thiab cov hauv paus hniav system. algae lub cev qauv sawv cev thallus los yog thallus.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus system yog tseem uas ploj lawm. Es tsis txhob, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb translucent nyias xov zoo li appendages, hu ua rhizoids. Lawv ua tau cov nuj nqi ntawm lub txuas mus rau lub substrate, yog li kuj zoo li ib tug sucker.

Thallus nws tus kheej tej zaum yuav sib txawv heev nrhiav thiab xim. Tej zaum, ib co mej zeej ntseeg tau tsa khiav dua nroj tsuag. Yog li, tus qauv ntawm algae yog heev txog rau txhua department, li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev.

hom thalli

Thallus - lub ntsiab feature ntawm tej multicellular algae. Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub cev dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias thallium yuav ua tau ntau hom.

1. Amoeboid.
2. Monad.
3. Kapsalny.
4. Coccoid.
5. Filamentous los yog trihalny.
6. Sartsinoidny.
7. Lozhnotkanevy.
8. Siphon.
9. Psevdoparenhimatozny.

Thawj peb yog feem ntau cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub colonial thiab unicellular cov ntaub ntawv, lwm yam rau ntau tshaj, multi-cellular, nyuab koom haum.

Qhov no kev faib tsuas yog approximate, vim hais tias txhua yam ntawm txoj kev xaiv no muaj, thiab ces mus rau qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Fringe ntau yam erased.

algae cell, nws cov qauv

Lub peculiarity ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog chiv nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lawv cov cell. Nws yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm hais tias ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev. Koj muaj peev xwm xaiv ib tug ob peb yooj yim cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv uas hlwb faib.

1. Nyob rau hauv ib co neeg lawv muaj tshwj xeeb cov tsiaj qauv - organelles zog (flagella).
2. Tej zaum kuj muaj yog ib tug stigma.
3. Phua ntiag yog tsis heev tib yam li ib tug pa cog ntawm tes. Lawv feem ntau nruab nrog ntxiv carbohydrate los yog lipid khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
4. Pigments yog muab ntim rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb lub cev - lub chromatophores.

Tus so ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov algae hlwb yog raug mus rau lub kev cai ntawm cov uas ntawm lub siab dua nroj tsuag. Lawv kuj muaj:

• lub nucleus thiab chromatin;
• chloroplasts, chromoplasts, thiab lwm yam xim muaj qauv;
• vacuole nrog cell kua ntoo;
• cell phab ntsa;
• mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes;
• Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum , thiab lwm yam hais.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub cellular qauv ntawm unicellular algae sau raws nkaus Ii mus hais tias ntawm prokaryotic beings. Qhov ntawd kuj tsis muaj nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, thiab ib co lwm yam.

Lub cellular qauv ntawm multicellular algae yog tag nrho raws li uas siab terrestrial nroj tsuag, tshwj tsis yog rau tej yam kev nta.

Department Ntsuab algae: Qauv

Nyob rau hauv no department muaj xws li cov nram qab no:

• celled;
• multicellular;
• colonial.

ntau tshaj kaum peb txhiab hom txhua yam muaj. Lub ntsiab kawm:

• Volvoxes.
• Conjugates.
• Ulotriksovye.
• Siphon.
• Protococcal.

Nta ib leeg-celled qauv lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov nyob sab nraum ntawm lub cell yog feem ntau them los ntawm ntxiv txheej uas ua cov kev ua ntawm ib yam ntawm cov cev pob txha - pellicle. Qhov no tso cai rau nws yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm sab nraud influences, kom ib tug tej yam zoo thiab nrog lub sij hawm rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim ib tug zoo nkauj thiab tsab qauv ntawm cov hlau ions thiab ntsev.

Raws li txoj cai, tus qauv ntawm ntsuab algae unicellular hom tas muaj xws li tej organelle zog, feem ntau flagellum hauv lub tsheb thaum xaus ntawm lub cev. Spare as - starch, roj los yog hmoov. Ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev: Chlorella, chlamydomonas, Volvox, hlorokokkum, protokokkus.

Heev ntawm nthuav cov yog cov neeg sawv cev siphon li Caulerpa, kodium, atsetobulyariya. Lawv thallus - nws tsis yog tso tseg thiab phaj hom, thiab ib tug giant cell uas ua rau tag nrho cov yooj yim zog ntawm lub neej.

Multicellular yuav muaj lamellar los yog filamentous qauv. Thaum nws los txog rau ib lub phaj lawm, ces lawv yog cov feem ntau multi-layered xwb thiab tsis yog ib txheej. Feem ntau cov qauv ntawm cov algae ntawm no hom yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau lub tua ntawm ntau dua terrestrial nroj tsuag. Qhov ntau ceg thallium, ntau dua qhov lub zoo sib thooj.

Ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev - lub nram qab no cov chav kawm:

• Ulotriksovye - ulothrix, Ulvi, monostroma.
• Stseplyanki los yog conjugates - zigonema, Spirogyra, muzhotsiya.

Colonial ntaub ntawv - tshwj xeeb. Tus qauv ntawm no hom ntawm ntsuab algae yog nyob ze sib raug zoo ntawm ib tug loj tsub zuj zuj ntawm unicellular cov neeg sawv cev koom feem ntau hnoos qeev nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud ib puag ncig. Lub ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm yuav ntshai li Volvox, protococcal.

Nta ntawm lub neej

Ntsiab yeej - yog cov dej tshiab thiab lub hiav txwv, cov dej hiav txwv. Feem ntau ua rau ib tug thiaj li hu ua algal blooms, yog clouding tag nrho saum npoo. Chlorella yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj husbandry, raws li oxygenates thiab lim cov dej, thiab lub qhuav residue yog noj rau tej tsiaj txhu.

Lub unicellular ntsuab algae tej zaum yuav siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsheb rau zus tau tej cov pa los ntawm photosynthesis tsis tau hloov nws cov qauv thiab kev tuag. Raws li rau qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov department - cov hiob nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm underwater nroj tsuag.

Division Liab algae

Lwm yam department lub npe - whelk. Nws nyob vim tshwj xeeb xim cov neeg sawv cev ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv pigments. Tus qauv ntawm lub liab lub algae raws li ib tug tag nrho fulfills tag nrho cov ntxwv yooj yim ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov qis nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj peev xwm kuj yuav ib leeg-celled thiab multicellular, muaj ib tug txawv hom ntawm thallus. Muaj ob loj thiab heev me me cov neeg sawv cev.

Txawm li cas los, lawv cov coloration vim tej nta - nrog rau chlorophyll, cov algae muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam pigments:

• carotenoids;
• phycobilins.

Lawv npog ib tug loj ntsuab xim, yog li cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav txawv los ntawm daj rau scarlet thiab liab. Qhov no yog vim lub haum ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov wavelengths pom lub teeb. Ntsiab cov neeg sawv cev: ahnfeltia, phyllophora, gracilaria, porphyry thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tus nqi thiab txoj kev ua neej

Tau mus nyob hauv cov tshiab dej, tiam sis feem ntau - tsis tau marine cov neeg sawv cev. Tus qauv ntawm lub liab lub algae, uas muaj peev xwm yuav tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb tshuaj agar-agar, ua rau nws kim heev kev siv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ntawm cov zaub mov confectionery kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab yog siv ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov.

Department ntawm Brown algae: Qauv

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm cov kev kawm txog sab nroj tsuag, lawv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv nug cov menyuam kawm ntawv: "Sau tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub kelp." Cov lus teb yog: thallus muaj feem complex qauv ntawm tag nrho cov paub hom qis nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv lub thallus, uas yog feem ntau impressive loj, cov txheej txheem kev hlab ntsha; thallus nws tus kheej muaj ib tug multi-txheej qauv, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi tsa ib tug ntaub hom ntaus ntawv qib siab terrestrial nroj tsuag.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm algae hlwb ua cov tshwj xeeb hnoos qeev, ces tus sab nraum yog ib txwm them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm ib tug zoo. Spare cov as-ham yog:

• carbohydrate kelp;
• roj (roj ntawm ntau hom);
• cawv mannitol.

Ntawm no yog dab tsi koj yuav tsum hais tias, yog hais tias koj nug li no: "Sau tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub kelp." Lawv yog cov ua tau ib tug ntau thiab lawv yog cov cim nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub underwater nroj tsuag.

Siv cov ua liaj ua teb thiab tis

Kelp - lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov organic tebchaw tsis tau tsuas yog herbivorous marine inhabitants, tab sis kuj rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub chaw ntug hiav cheeb tsam. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus yog thoob plaws cov ntau yam haiv neeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Ntawm cov manufactured medicaments npaj cov hmoov nplej thiab mineral tshuaj, alginic acid.