Kronotsky Lake - lub pov haum uas Kamchatka

Kronotsky Lake - qhov loj tshaj plaws tej yam ntuj tso reservoir ntawm lub Kamchatka Territory, mysterious thiab unexplored txog rau thaum xaus. Nws lub npe txhais los ntawm Itelmen li "alpine". Saib xyuas ntawm kws tshawb fawb, cov zoo nkauj qhov chaw tau attracted nyuam qhuav los ntawm keeb kwm qauv: thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem (1908) yog thawj cov ntaub ntawv uas ua los ntawm P. Yu. Shmidtom. Nyob rau ntoj ke mus kawm nws taug kev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pas dej rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab, muab ib tug piav qhia ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus lub cev ntawm cov dej thiab ntxiv mus rau nws ib tug topographical sketch ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov ua ntej lawm cov ntawv qhia tau raws li tsuas yog nyob rau cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm lub hauv paus txawm inhabitants ntawm cov chaw - Itelmen, vim hais tias lub pas dej rho tawm thiab nyuaj struts yog ib tug loj teeb meem uas tiv thaiv tawm tsam tej yam intrusion. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1920 tus paub txog R. Malles tau mus xyuas cov chaw, yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv qhia, thiab daws tau qhov paub tsis meej ntawm cov me nyuam yug ntawm lub pas dej.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Lub pas dej yog 242 km², thiab cov catchment cheeb tsam - txog 2330 square kilometers. Qhov no yog vim li, vim hais tias nws ntog nyob rau hauv lub 10 loj ntws .: North, Unana, Uzon, larch thiab lwm tus neeg ua hauj lwm lawv txoj kev, tawm los ntawm lub pas dej, dej Krodakyg (Kronotsky), tsausmuag thiab capricious, kov yeej ntau yam obstacles. Nyob rau impressive volume ntawm dej (12.4 cu km) Lake yog tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Impressive tob. Thiab txawm hais tias qhov nruab nrab yog 58 m, feem ntau no: qhov chaw cim heev respectable nuj nqis - 136 m Rau tag nrho cov saum toj no tsis Kronotsky pas dej yog lub thib kaum rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov coob Lavxias teb sab thiab sib sib zog nqus pas dej. Ntxiv ntawd, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv lub cim kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw uas yog nto moo rau nws mysterious Kamchatka.

Noj mov tsoos pas dej - daus thiab los nag. Lub pas dej freezes nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis thiab qhib los ntawm tus kawg ntawm Tej zaum. Ice cover chaw nce mus txog thickness 'meter'. Cov theem dej mas nws txawv ntawm txawv sij hawm nrog ib tug amplitude txog li ib ob peb decimeters. Lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub pas dej yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog 11 Islands tuaj, towering tshaj cov dej saum npoo rau 25-50 meters, lawv tag nrho cov dais cov npe ntawm koj cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg mus, uas koom nyob rau hauv lub Kamchatka ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo. Komarova, Conradi, Baer li al.

Kronotsky pas dej yog distinguished los ntawm nws voos zoo, yog li unaccustomed mus rau lub ntuj reservoir. Nws yog piav yam mob loj heev kev txwv hollow ridges thiab volcanic series muaj 16 volcanoes, 12 uas ua.

Qhov twg yog lub pas dej Kronotsky

Qhov no yog tsis zoo li lwm yam lub pas dej pas dej nyob rau hauv lub Attendance ceeb Kamchatka ntuj complex - lub Kronotsky Xwm Reserve, nyob rau hauv lub peb teb kilometers ntawm tus naas ej Geyser Valley.

Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab, 8 km ntawm lub pas dej nyob roob hluav taws Kronotsky roob hluav taws, rau sab qab teb - 10 km - Krasheninnikov roob hluav taws. Nws tub num tsoom sau hauv daim duab ntawm ib tug kab txawv roob Schmidt, nce nyob rau hauv lub northeast.

Kronotsky pas dej: Keeb kwm

Nws tsim nyob rau ib lub pas dej ntawm ze li ntawm 10 txhiab. Years ago. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub caldera ntawm lub roob hluav taws, thiab yog li ntawd nws tau yav tas los xav hais tias lub keeb kwm yog volcanic nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog muaj pov thawj ua ntej cov tsos ntawm cov pas dej volcanoes, hu ua hnub no lub npe ntawm zaum Kronotsky thiab Krasheninnikov. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv overlapping ntawm lub ancient dej txaj ntawm sab thiab haib lava deposits. Cov tshwm sim ntawm no kev puas tsuaj yog lub roob reservoir nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 372 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem, nyob rau hauv ib qhov zoo nkauj tshaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - nyob rau ntawm ko taw ntawm lub roob hluav taws kronotsky.

nta

Lub pas dej no nthuav tsis tau tsuas yog lub keeb kwm, tab sis kuj cov creation ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub ntuj txoj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ciam teb rau lwm.

Lub outflow ntawm dej yog hla tus dej, lub channel yog nyob rau hauv lub qaum nce mus txog 12 km yog yuav luag cluttered haib rapids, tsis muab lub sij hawm mus salmon nyob rau hauv lub pas dej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ua tsaug rau lub sij hawm ntev kev rho tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub pas dej tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntawm sockeye salmon (Kokanee) thiab ntau hom loach teb pab pawg. Xws li ib tug mechanism ntawm tsim ntawm hom - tus kwv ntawm txoj kev tshawb rau cov ichthyologists. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm tus dej txhua txhua xyoo mus spawn nce ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov hav dej thiab dua Dolly Varden, thiab pom ib tug ob peb tsawg tus neeg mob, cov zaj uas lub coho salmon.

biota

Hais txog Kronotsky pas dej yog paub tsis tag nrho. Pacific kob inhabited los ntawm zos ntawm seagulls. Muab ib tug txaus deb ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv (30-45 km), cov zes - ib tug tsawg phenomenon. Nws yog hais tias xim av bears ua luam dej ntawm cov kob noj cov qe ntawm gulls.

Kronotsky pas dej, ua qhov chaw ntawm ib tug tej yam ntuj tso complex, surrounded los ntawm amazingly zoo nkauj xwm. Muaj relict nrws thiab tseem ceeb heev hom. Piv txwv li, tsuas yog loj hlob nyob ntawm no Kamchatka larch thiab pom Ayan spruce.

Cov khoom larch - zes ntawm tsawg noog (osprey, Steller lub hiav txwv dav dawb hau), thiab cov uas lwm tus roob hauv tsev mus rau Peregrine falcons, cov dav npoj ya thiab eagles.

Tab sis lub cim ntawm no xav tsis thoob qhov chaw yog kuab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lawv yog yuav luag tsis pom, raws li nyob rau hauv lub pas dej phiab yog ob peb qhov chaw haum rau zes. By pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no pib nce impressive ntawm cov legendary noog.

Qhov no yog, Kronotskoye mysterious pas dej - ib tug tej yam yees siv qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Kamchatka ceg av qab teb.