Klyazma (dej). Klyazma dej, Vladimir cheeb tsam

Klyazma - tus dej, nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws ntws los ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Vladimir thiab Moscow cheeb tsam. Nws yog ib tug sab laug tributary ntawm lub Oka. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tham txog lub glorious dej.

Ntsiab nta

Klyazma - tus dej, nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 686 kilometers, lub phiab cheeb tsam - 42,5 kilometers. Nruab nrab txhua xyoo noj ntawm cov dej - 139-147 m ³ / s (185 km ntawm lub qhov ncauj, lub nroog ntawm Kovrov nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam). Tus dej feem ntau daus. Klyazma freezes nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis, nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub Plaub Hlis qhib. Nyob rau hauv tus dej no muaj ntau ntau lub zos Shchyolkovo, Dolgoprudny, Korolev, Noginsk, Losino-Petrovsky, Pavlovsky Posad, Gorokhovets, Vyazniki, Kovrov, Vladimir, Sobinka, Orekhovo-. Ntug dej Klyazma occupies kwv yees li 1.7 lab cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tus dej phiab yog lub tsev mus rau ntau tshaj li 3.3 lab cov neeg.

geographic hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub Moscow upland originates dej Klyazma. Lub daim ntawv qhia qhia tau hais tias nws qhov chaw no yog nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Solnechnogorsk. Tus dej ces ntws nyob rau hauv ib tug southeasterly kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv Moscow (lub nroog koog tsev kawm ntawv Khimki). Nws txoj kev tseem raws ciam teb Molzhaninovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub capital, nyob ze ntawm lub zos ntawm Cherkizovo puv sab hnub tuaj. dej rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog ntawm lub high school hav yog heev nqaim. Nyob rau hauv Klyazma dav yog 12 meters. Hav dej ntws los ntawm Pirogovskoe thiab Klyazminskoe reservoir qhov twg nws yog tov nrog rau Volga. Downstream txaus yog tswj, lub dav nyob ze ntawm lub railway platform "Klyazma" - 20 meters. Cov dej dej kis tau los ntawm Meshchersky lowland, nyob rau ntawm no point lub tsev txhab nyiaj yog ntau qis tshaj cov sab laug. Klyazma - River deepest thiab sab. Nyob rau hauv Noginsk nws lub tsev txhab nyiaj yog ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 50 meters los ntawm txhua lwm yam, Vladimir - 130 meters. Tej dav yog 200 meters. Lub qhov tob yog me me, lub siab tshaj plaws nqi - 8 meters, feem ntau - 1-2 meters. Tom qab ntawm lub Klyazma av nplaum, mas zeb. Nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw hauv tus dej txiav los ntawm limestone strata.

inflows

Klyazma - ib tug dej uas muaj ntau tributaries. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog cov ancient Finno-Ugric npe yog cov sib sib zog nqus dej ntws. Tributaries protrude Suvorosch (14 km), Luh (68 km), ib qhov chaw (79 km), Pob (110.7 km), Msterka (111 km), Tesa (135 km), Shizhegda (151 km), Nerehta (190 km ) Sudogda (244 km), Nerl (269 km), Rpen (285 km), Koloksha (326 km), Shalovka (329 km), Vorsha (336 km), Golf (378 km), Peksha (396 km) birch (416 km), lub phaj (445 km), Kirzhach (459 km), Dubna (466 km), Vyrka (476 km), Drezna (481 km), Vohonka (502 km), tuab (514 km), sherna dej ( 516 km), Zagrebka (524 km), Chernogolovka (526 km), Lavrovka (526 km), Shalovka (540 km), Vorya (551 km), qhia (577 km), Alba (640 km), Radomlje (665 km ) Chernavka (671).

ancient settlements

Hav dej Klyazma, cov duab uas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, txij ancient sij hawm yog ib qho chaw ntawm kev sib hais haum los ntawm ntau yam neeg. Archaeological excavations qhia hais tias nws cov tsev nyiaj twb nyob tus neeg ntawm lub Paleolithic (Sungir), Neolithic (nyob rau hauv lub chaw nres tsheb ze rau ntawm lub zos ntawm Eoginskom Bunkova), Mesolithic (Pavlovsky Posad koog tsev kawm ntawv, nyob ze lub zos Saurova). Tom qab ntawd rau Klyazma Meria pab pawg neeg nyob Muroma, Meshchera. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov ancient pab pawg neeg lub npe hu ua ntau tributaries. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj thiab cov thawj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no Slavic burial mounds.

kev siv cov

Klyazma - tus dej, uas yog txuam nrog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Russia txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 12th, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Vladimir-Suzdal nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub tus dej raws nws tag nrho ntev yog navigable. Txawm tias ua ntej lub Slavic kev sib hais haum ua lag luam lawv Klyazma - Gangway - Moscow muab cov nyiaj txiag txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Nrog lub advent ntawm ntau yam industries nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th ntawm tus dej muaj ib tug txheej ntawm ceramic, textile thiab daim ntawv kev lag luam, thawj handicraft, thiab ces lub Hoobkas thiab lub Hoobkas.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, nyob rau hauv 1937, nws tau ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug kwj dej rau lawv. Moscow, nyob rau sab qaum nce mus txog rau ntawm tus dej sim Pirogov lub pas dej tauv thiab tsim Klyazma. Dej khiav los ntawm lub pas dej tauv los ua cai thiab pib mus pub rau tus dej ntws Volga thiab sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv 1941, nyob rau hauv Klyazma peb pib ua ob hydropower nroj tsuag, tab sis lawv siv tau nres nrog rau cov pib ntawm kev tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, nyob rau hauv lub 70s, nws twb muab xa mus rau qhov kev xam ntawm qhov kev siv project nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj tuaj txog pem ntwg ntawm lub capital lub nkoj kwj dej.

Tam sim no, tus dej nyob rau hauv nws qis thiab theem nrab nce mus txog ntawm dej muab ntau yam ntau lawm thiab lub inhabitants ntawm ntau lub koom. Klyazma yog navigable rau ib tug deb ntawm 267 kilometers ntawm nws lub qhov ncauj mus rau lub nroog ntawm Vladimir, nws yog siv los thauj cargo nkoj. Nyob rau nruab nrab thaum lub sij hawm shipping limited stony hauv qab feem thiab ib tug me me qhov tob ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Mstera thiab ntaub pua tsev. Nyob rau hauv tus dej cargo chaw nres nkoj (Vyazniki) thiab muaj ib tug laus shipyard nyob rau hauv Gorokhovets.

hydraulic lug

Nyob rau Klyazma dej yog tag nrho ntawm hydraulic lug. Ua ob peb dams: nyob rau hauv Solnechnogorsk koog tsev kawm ntawv (lub zos Lunev), nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Pirogov, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Korolev, Tarasovka zos, Obukhov thiab kev koom ntawm Sverdlovsk, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog ntawm Shchelkovo (zos Amerova). Cais kev sib tham tsim nyog ib tug qhob pas dej tauv nyob rau hauv Noginsk. Nws qhov siab yog 2.5 meters. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug ntug dej spillway thiab rau adjustable weirs.

Nyob rau Klyazma yog ob peb cov dej thiab sewerage tshuab: Txiv Ntseej-Zuevskaya, Pavlovsky Posad, Noginsk, Obukhov, Shchelkovskaya. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev soj hydrological compartments Environmental Xyuas Center nyob rau hauv Moscow ib puag ncig thiab cua. Muaj peb hydro-tshuaj point: Pavlovsky Posad, Schelkovo thiab Orekhovo-.

nuv ntses

Ib tug zoo qhov chaw rau lovers ntawm kev nuv ntses es dej Klyazma. Nuv ntses nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw yog zoo kawg thiab. Tus dej yog pom yuav luag tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub fauna ntawm tus dej ntawm lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Zoo nkauj heev tau lub sij hawm - caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws yog ces mus rau hauv tus dej ntawm lub reservoir pib sailing tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov ntses. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog ntes tau nyob rau hauv lub xov ide, pike thiab nqaj ntoo ntes tau nyob rau hauv spinning thiab bream thiab laum - on float tackle thiab zakidushka. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yog tau txais ib tug chub, carp, bream, crucian carp, tench. Nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv qab Driftwood ntes tau burbot. Qhov tseem tsawg thiab tseem ceeb ntau lawm hauv Klyazma - sturgeon.

"Horseshoe"

Vladimir cheeb tsam daim ntawv qhia hais tias tus Klyazma ntws los ntawm nws lub teb chaws mas nyob rau hauv lub teb, tsuas puav rau nws txoj kev muaj tuab forests. Cov av nyob rau hauv tus ntug dej ntawm lub cheeb tsam muaj ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Muaj nyob rau lub ntseg precipices thiab dej xuab zeb nqaub, Klyazma hlub rau poob thiab yias tawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev txaus siab. "Horseshoe" - yog ib tug xav paub phenomenon uas tshwm sim thaum lub dej mam li nco dheev puv 180 degrees thiab pib ntws raws li yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub kev coj rov qab. Cov mus ntawm raws ntawm qhov tib dej yuav ncav cuag kilometers. Ces, ob threads yog maj kev cob cog rua rau txhua lwm yam thiab tsim ib tug zoo saib kob. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo nkauj heev duab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov chaw no yog nplua nuj heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntses. Thaum xub thawj lawv tsawm nab taug nyob, ces muab qhov chaw perches thiab pike. Ces cov namytyh xuab zeb nqaub nrog picturesque snags pib poob catfish thiab eel. Nyob rau hauv dej nrog ib tug huv, tsis overgrown nrog tej nroj tsuag hauv qab zoo nkaus li yuav luag tag nrho cov ntses: .. perch, kab laum, chub, garters, bream, thiab lwm yam Nyob rau lub sij hawm, lub "horseshoe" yog overgrown nrog nyom, hav iav ntau ntau, tab sis nws muaj mus ntau tshaj ib tug teb xyoo. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, xws li ib tug qhov chaw - ib tug tiag tiag lub vaj kaj siab rau lovers ntawm kev nuv ntses.

Active thiab passive ua si

Klyazma dej (Vladimir cheeb tsam) - ib qhov chaw zoo rau ib tug qab ntxiag nyob rau hauv lub countryside. Vim tus muaj zog tam sim no ntawm no yuav tsum alloyed rau KAYAK. Lub sij hawm rau tej kev ua ub no sab nraum zoov pib nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab xaus nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj. Tuaj rau Klyazma tau thiab cia li txaus siab rau nws cov zoo nkauj ntug hiav txwv dej, overgrown nrog reeds thiab willows, reeds, cattails, alisma, hav zoov geranium, tripartite succession thiab lwm yam greenery. Hav dej dej yog dai kom zoo nkauj hornwort, Canadian waterweed, Potbelly, dej lilies, duckweed thiab ntau hom kev pondweed.

puam hnub caiv

Thaum lub sij hawm rhaub lub hlis, koj yuav tau mus so kom txaus rau ntawm lub puam. Nyob rau hauv dej Klyazma ntawm rooj zoom ib tug loj tus naj npawb. Kev tsav tsheb kiag ntug hiav txwv dej uas ntxuav tsis tu ncua, cov kws kho mob rau lub luag hauj lwm tus thiab cawm kev pab cuam ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau lub coasts, teej tug mus rau ib co nyiaj so koobtsheej tsev, piv txwv li, luag lub tsev "Klyazma" nyob rau hauv tib reservoir, ua hauj lwm catamarans sis, tej nkoj nquam, dav hlau skis thiab tej nkoj nquam. Muaj hnub loungers thiab parasols, cafes thiab tuav. Muaj dej mus ncig ua si rau cruise ships yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm qub frigates thiab lwm yam txawv txawv tsheb. Cov ib puag ncig teeb meem ntawm lub txias dej ntawm tus Klyazma ze lub qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, ua luam dej hauv tus dej yog tsis tsuas qab ntxiag, tab sis kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb.