Hom ntawm Civilizations: East & West

Yuav pib mus txhais lawv tus kheej nrog lub sij hawm "civilization". Philosophers thiab historians tau muab tso rau hauv no lo lus ntau ntau yam semantic cov ntsiab lus. Xav txog tej yam ntawm civilizations, hu ua "laus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab qhov chaw tuam txhab uas muag." Ntau yam historians emit txawv cov nqi ntawm cov zos civilizations. Englishman Arnold Toynbee ntseeg hais tias tshaj qhov tas los xyoo txhiab muaj (thiab tseem ciaj sia) tsib civilizations: Western, Orthodox (uas muaj xws li Lavxias teb sab), Muslim, Hindu thiab Far East (Tuam Tshoj, Nyiv, Kauslim Teb, Southeast Asia). Cia li ib tug keeb kwm ntu nws suav peb caug xya civilizations.

Hom civilizations, raws li Toynbee, muab faib mus rau hauv chains ntawm peb hais. Tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm kev vam meej yog cov thib peb, lub xeem txuas. Piv txwv li, peb kev vam meej yog kawg nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau: lub Minoan civilization - Hellenic - Orthodox. Uas yog, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, peb nyob hauv ib lub caij hauv ntiaj teb no hloov nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm txias keeb kwm sib. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis paub thaum twg thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi daim ntawv nws yuav tshwm sim.

Nyob rau hauv cov pa nrov kev coj noj coj saws ib tug yooj yim to taub saib ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov Western kab lig kev cai, uas yog pom zoo rau cov sab hnub tuaj hom kev vam meej, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm yooj yim nta. Cov no yog cov, thawj thiab foremost, ib tug cwj pwm sib txawv rau tus neeg nyob hauv zej zog thiab tus cwj pwm rau vaj tse.

Qhov no tsis sib xws, ntawm chav kawm, yog hais lus phem. Lub ntsiab yam ntawm civilizations tsis yog tas rau division rau hauv East thiab West. Yog, cov heev ntsiab txhais ntawm lub sab hnub tuaj civilization yuav tsum tau clarified. Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov European txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev, lub Iranian kev vam meej, Kazakhstan thiab Tuam Tshoj - nws yog ib yam dab tsi txog tib yam, differing xwb nyob rau hauv me lus thiab xa mus rau lub sab hnub tuaj hom civilizations. Meanwhile, tej competent neeg (tsis hais cov inhabitants ntawm cov xeev), nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv peb muaj lub classical Muslim Shiite lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tau raug mus rau lub Muslim tus ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub nomads ntawm lub Great steppe (lub sij hawm Lva Gumileva), thiab lub thib peb - complex conglomerate, muaj tug hauj, Taoist thiab Confucian Cheebtsam nplua mias flavored communist ideology.

Yog, thiab niaj hnub Teb chaws europe txog lub tswv yim ntawm "yog dab tsi zoo thiab yam twg phem" yog sib txawv heev los ntawm cov European Nrab Hnub nyoog. Views Savonarola, Torquemada thiab cov Duke ntawm Richelieu, uas tau los ua tus de facto kav ntawm Fabkis, muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua muaj hnub lub domestic kev cai tseem ceeb ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov European lub teb chaws.

Tag nrho cov uas, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov European txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev, tam sim no cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab hnub tuaj civilizations - collectivism, qhov uas tsis muaj raws li txoj cai ntawm tus neeg nyob hauv zej zog - nws yog nyob rau hauv lub qub teb chaws Europe. Thiab nws tsis yog hais tias cov teb chaws Europe "tau zus." Cia li cia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm tsav. Laus ntiaj teb loj hlob rog, tub nkeeg, rau tej qhov twg. Yog li ntawd, thiaj li xav tias ntawm cov yooj yim nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, cov tuaj tshiab los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj, tus muaj ntau haivneeg kev coj noj. Ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub classical sab hnub tuaj teb chaws - Nyiv, uas nws cov kevcai tswj sau cov kws lij choj ntawm lub American txoj hauj lwm rog nyob rau hauv kev cia siab rau inculcate Western qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis lub Japanese tseem zoo heev hwj chim ntawm kev lig kev cai. Nws yog ib tug vibrant zej zog, muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm lwm influences. Yog li ntawd hais tias txawv "hom civilizations" muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua li cas nrog nws.