Gypsum phau ntawv: yam ntxwv, zog, ntau lawm thiab kev siv

Siv cov kev faib thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas ua los ntawm gypsum siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam sectors ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Lawv tau ntev lawm tsis muaj surprise. Tab sis ob peb cov neeg xav hais tias hais txog dab tsi yog tiag tiag ib tug gypsum phau ntawv, uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li raw khoom thiab raws li nws tau txais rau nws. Tab sis rau zus tau tej cov kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv (plaster, masonry mortars, plaster los xij) thiab lwm qhov chaw yuav tsum xub npaj ib tug raw khoom. Vim hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tiav lawm cov khoom siv nyob ntawm seb hnyav ncawv rau ntawm qhov zoo tshaj ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv siv.

Lub tswvyim thiab qauv

Cov phau ntawv ntawm gypsum khoom yog huab cua, uas muaj kev lom zem ntau ntawm gypsum dihydrate. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tej yam ntuj tso gypsum kuj Nkij los txuam rau anhydride thiab cais pov tseg industries, uas muaj xws li sulfurous calcium.

Qhov no pab pawg neeg kuj muaj xws li tus qhab khoom. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv - plaster ntawm paris, txiv qaub, moj tej tawg cub tawg slag MAAs.

Cov raw khoom rau zus tau tej cov pob zeb uas muaj sulfates. GOST txiav txim hais tias rau manufacturing gypsum phau ntawv yuav tsuas yuav siv gypsum (uas muaj raws li tag nrho cov uas yuav tsum tau uas siv rau nws GOST 4013) los yog phosphogypsum li cov coj ntxawg uas yuav tsum tau.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm gypsum binders

Gypsum tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv kom txog rau thaum nws tiav solidification. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis yog do kom nws tom qab lub crystallization txheej txheem twb pib. Stirring ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm tshiab tsim daim ntawv cog lus ntawm tus ncej muaju. Vim li no, cov tshuaj loses nws ruaj muaj peev xwm.

Plaster cov khoom uas tsis waterproof. Tab sis cov producers ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas pom tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Zaum tau txiav txim hais tias ntau yam additives gypsum binders pub rau kom qhov no daim duab. Yog li ntawd, nyob tus yeees ntawm cov khoom yog ntxiv ntau yam ntawv uas siv: txiv qaub, hauv av moj tej tawg cub tawg slag, urea resins, organic kua uas muaj xws li silicon.

Kev siv ntawm gypsum ntaub ntawv tsis yuav tsum tau siv ntxiv cam. Lawv tsis ntsws, nyob rau hauv kho nto tej kab nrib pleb tshwm sim. Gypsum binders, on qhov tsis tooj, nce nyob rau hauv volume tom qab tag nrho curing. Nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm, ntxiv ntoo chips, hluav taws kub, pumice, txhab av nplaum thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.

Lwm feature - gypsum ntaub ntawv leeb xeb ferrous co (tes, li qub, nyob ntawm tej thiab thiaj li nyob). Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim sai nyob rau hauv ntub tej yam kev mob.

Astringent gypsum sai sai nqus dej thiab poob lawv cov kev ua. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam qee yam kev cai. Khoom tej zaum yuav muab cia rau hauv ib tug qhuav qhov chaw. Txawm muaj kev sib hwm rau txoj cai no, tom qab peb lub hlis ntawm cia cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav poob txog peb caug feem pua ntawm nws cov kev ua si. Thauj cov khoom nyob rau hauv tej los yog ntim rau hauv ntim. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm hmoov av thiab dej.

ntau lawm

Rau tus txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua raws li nram no dab:

• crushing ntuj gypsum cov khoom;
• raw khoom tshuab;
• cov teebmeem ntawm kub.

Gypsum yog noj mus rau hauv lub hopper, qhov twg nws nkag mus rau hauv crusher. Muaj yog nws cov crushing rau hauv daim, qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov uas tsis pub tshaj plaub centimeters. Tom qab crushing cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub elevator mus pub rau hauv. Los yeej muaj nws mus nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos qhov chaw mus rau lub zeb. Nws muaj nws yog qhuav thiab crushed rau ib tug me feem. Ziab ntawm no theem yog yuav tsum tau mus leeb thiab pab txhawb lub crushing txheej txheem cov khoom.

Cov zeb hmoov yog rhuab mus cuaj caum degrees. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, nws yog thauj nyob rau hauv gipsovarochny boiler. Qhov no yog qhov twg cov dej yog tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub tua txheej txheem. Qhov no yuav pib nrog ib tug tsawg kub (txog yim caum degrees). Tab sis cov dej los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nws yog zoo tshaj plaws mus nyob rau hauv ib tug kub ntau los ntawm ib puas kaum rau ib puas thiab yim caum degrees.

Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kub kev kho mob yog muab faib ua ob theem. Thawj, tsis pub dhau peb teev cov ntaub ntawv uas khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub digester. Muaj cov dej yog muab tshem tawm thiab gypsum dihydrate yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv hemihydrate. Tag nrho cov no lub sij hawm, lub plaster twb stirring rau niaj hnub zoo li cov cua kub. Thaum kawg ntawm lub qee lub sij hawm, lub tshuaj yog nyob rau hauv kub mob raug xa mus rau thiaj li hu ua bunker longing. Nws yog tsis rhuab. Tab sis vim lub high kub ntawm lub tshuaj muaj tseem lub cev qhuav dej kev. Nws yuav siv sij hawm txog lwm plaub caug feeb. Tom qab hais tias, cov losis tswvyim dabtsi ntaub ntawv pom tau hais tias yuav npaj txhij. Thiab lawv yuav muab xa mus rau lub warehouse ntawm tas cov khoom.

hardening khoom

Hardening tshwm sim gypsum binders thaum tov nrog dej cov hmoov. Qhov no ntaub ntawv ib lub hnab yas loj uas hardens nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb feeb. Los ntawm cov tshuaj taw tes ntawm view, muaj yog ib tug txheej txheem rov qab mus rau dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Nws tsuas yog tshwm sim ib tug ceev heev. Qhov ntawd yog hemihydrate gypsum ntxiv dej rau gypsum dihydrate substance. No tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb theem.

Nyob rau hauv thawj theem hemihydrate gypsum yaj nyob rau hauv dej mus ua ib lub uas tov ntawm dihydrate gypsum. Dihydrate muaj ib tug high solubility index. Vim li no cov ceev heev kev tsuas xyaus ntawm cov tshuaj txheej txheem. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim - los nag, uas yog lub dihydrate. Cov precipitated hais lo ua ke, li no pib qhov chaw txheej txheem.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej - crystallization. Lub ib muaju li txoj kev loj hlob tshuaj pib mus cuag thiab tsim ib tug muaj zog lub cev pob txha. Raws li cov qhuav (tshem tawm ntawm dej) ntawm cov muaju ua muaj zog.

Hloov cov kev ceev chaw

tua txheej txheem yuav tsum ceev los yog, conversely, ua rau kom raws li xav tau. Ua li no nrog additives uas yog nkag tau rau hauv gypsum binders.

Hom ntawm additives uas leeb ruaj khov txheej txheem:

• tshuaj uas ua rau kom cov solubility ntawm hemihydrate yog sodium sulfate los yog poov tshuaj ntsev thiab cov zoo li;

• yam khoom uas yuav ua tau ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv chaw ntawm crystallization: ntsev ntawm phosphoric acid, crushed ntuj gypsum thiab li ntawd.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau siv crushed gypsum. Nws hais pab raws li crystallization chaw ib ncig uas yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej siv lead ua. Nws yus muaj los ntawm ntau dua efficiency "theem nrab" gypsum. Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub plaster, uas yog twb mus txog ib qhov thiab hardening ntawm calcium sulphide. Xws li ib tug lub siab yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi tawg thiab shredded khoom.

Maj mam tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov chaw kawm raws li nram no cov khoom xyaw:

• ua plasticity xeem: ntoo kua nplaum daws nyob rau hauv dej, coniferous Txoj kev lis ntshav, txiv qaub-nplaum emulsion, LST thiab hais txog;

• Nws tiv thaiv siv lead ua kev loj hlob zaj duab xis uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov nplej nyob rau hauv tus ntawm hemihydrate gypsum tshuaj xws li borax, ammonia, keratin retarder, phosphates thiab borates ntawm alkali hlau, lilac cawv, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tus txheej txheem ntawm accelerating cov kev taw qhia ntawm additives adversely muaj feem xyuam rau lub dag lub zog ntawm gypsum. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj, thiab ntxiv nyob rau hauv me me nyiaj.

Teem lub sij hawm (curing) nyob lom zem ntau rau qhov zoo tshaj ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, lub sij hawm thiab cia tej yam kev mob, lub ntsuas kub ntawm uas cov ntaub ntawv uas twb kev txuas txheej txheem nrog dej, thiab txawm lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov tshuaj.

Luv heev qhov chaw lub sij hawm yog feem ntau yog txuam nrog lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas dihydrate hais uas tseem muaj tom qab firing. Teem lub sij hawm yuav tau ua kom yog hais tias tus gypsum khoom sov li mus txog plaub caug-tsib degrees. Yog hais tias qhov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ua tau kom txawm ntau tus txheej txheem, on qhov tsis tooj, qeeb. Heev zaj gypsum sib tov yuav leeb qhov chaw txheej txheem.

Txawv ntawm kev tshawb xav thiab xyaum

Ib tug feature ntawm lub curing txheej txheem yog tias gypsum, tsis zoo li lwm binders thaum lub sij hawm solidification nce nyob rau hauv volume (mus txog ib feem pua). Vim li no cov co hemihydrate tshuaj yuav tsum yog txog plaub lub sij hawm ntau dej tshaj nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau kwv yees li 18.6% ntawm cov luj ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov dej coj kom tau ib tug tov ntawm txwm ceev txog li xya caum feem pua. Yuav kom txiav txim seb qhov dej thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txiav txim seb tus volume ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv feem pua los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav muab ntxiv kom tau ib tug tov ntawm txwm ceev (pellet txoj kab uas hla 180 + 5 hli).

Lwm qhov txawv cov lus dag nyob rau hauv txoj kev xyaum hais tias thaum tshem cov dej thaum lub sij hawm qhuav txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas pores yog tsim. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, gypsum loses nws lub zog. Tshem tawm no taw tes ntxiv kom qhuav. Plaster khoom uas qhuav ntawm ib tug kub tsis siab tshaj xya caum degrees. Yog hais tias ntxiv rau kom qhov kub rau pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev qhuav dej neeg sawv cev.

Nyhuv uas kub thiab txias rau lub tau tshuaj

Rau tsevneeg gypsum plaster yog raug kev kub muaj peevxwm. Nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm no kub, lub gypsum ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau ntawm ob hom:

• Nizkoobzhigovye uas nws ntau lawm raw khoom tiav nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kub ntawm ib puas nees nkaum rau ib puas yim caum degrees. Cov raw khoom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog ib tug plaster ntawm paris. Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom no yog lub siab solidification ceev.

• Vysokoobzhigovye (anhydrite) uas yog tsim nyob rau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kub (tshaj li ob puas degrees). Hardens cov khoom ntev. Nyob rau kev to taub kuj xav tau ntau lub sij hawm.

Txhua yam ntawm cov pab pawg, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv nyob rau hauv nws.

Nizkoobzhigovyh hom knitting

Gypsum phau ntawv nyob rau hauv pawg no muaj xws li cov nram qab no ntaub ntawv:

• Tsev plaster. Ua nws tsim nyog los xaiv txoj cai raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qhuav gypsum rau kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm yog permissible siv raws li raw khoom ntawm lub thib tsib qib phau ntawv thiab saum toj no uas lub qhov seem rau lub suab sib yog tsis ntau tshaj li kaum ob feem pua. Rau lub chaw ua khoom ntawm lub tsev cov khoom haum phau ntawv, xa mus rau lub hom ntawm tus thib ob mus rau lub xya, hais txog ntawm qhov chaw lub sij hawm thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm comminution. Hniav khoom ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tib hom. Nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm tshuaj noj mov thiab maj mam muab. Gypsum plasters yog ua los ntawm tshuaj 2-25 tias tsuas yog cov phau ntawv uas muaj ib coarse sib tsoo thiab quick-chaw.

• High gypsum yuav tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib qho ntawm ob peb qib (nrog indices ntawm 200 mus rau 500). Lub zog ntawm cov khoom no yog hais txog 15-25 MPa, uas yog ho siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm hom.

• Molding plaster yog heev dej noj thiab siab durability nyob rau hauv lub kho lub xeev. Tau therefrom plaster cov khoom: tej hub pwm, whiteware ntsiab thiab thiaj li nyob.

anhydrite ntaub ntawv

Qhov no hom yog nyob rau hauv lem, cov ntaub ntawv ob tug tshuaj:

• anhydrite MAAs, tau nyob ua kub txog li xya puas degrees;

• Oestrich-gypsum tsim nyob rau hauv cawv rau calcium sulfate kub saum toj no 900 degrees.

anhydrite gypsum muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj los ntawm ob tug mus rau tsib feem pua txiv qaub sib tov sulphate vitriol (tooj liab los yog hlau), mus txog rau ib feem pua, ntawm peb mus rau yim feem pua dolomite, los ntawm kaum mus rau kaum tsib feem pua ntawm lub moj tej tawg cub tawg slag.

Anhydrite MAAs yog yus muaj los ntawm qeeb tseeb (los ntawm peb caug feeb rau ib hnub twg). Nyob ntawm seb lub zog nws yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no qib: M50, M100, M 150, M200. Maas ntawm lub hom kheev siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho. Nws yog siv rau:

• raug nplaum, plaster, los yog masonry mortar;

• qhob lawm;

• zus tau tej cov hniav ntsiab;

• zus tau tej cov thermal insulating cov ntaub ntawv.

Oestrich-gypsum muaj cov nram qab cov yam ntxwv:

1. Qeeb tseeb.
2. Zog nees nkaum megapascals.
3. Tsis tshua muaj teploprvodnostyu.
4. Zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev.
5. Resistant rau dej.
6. Frost tsis kam.
7. Ib tug me me degree ntawm deformation.

Qhov no yog lub ntsiab, tab sis yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias tag nrho cov zoo muaj Oestrich-gypsum. Nws daim ntawv thov raws li tej cim no. Nws yog siv los plaster phab ntsa, zus tau tej cov dag marble nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub mosaic pem teb, thiab hais txog.

Lub division ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv tej yam kev

Cov khoom ntawm gypsum binders pub rau faib lawv mus rau hauv ob peb nyias pawg. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ob peb classifications.

Cov nram qab no pab pawg neeg hais tias yog distinguished los ntawm qhov chaw kawm lub sij hawm:

• Group "A". Nws muaj binders, uas yog sai sai hlob. Nws yuav siv sij hawm los ntawm ob mus rau kaum tsib feeb.

• "B" pab pawg neeg. Cementing cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no pab pawg neeg hlob thaum lub sij hawm li rau mus rau peb caug feeb. Lawv hu ua feem ntau grasps tshuaj.

• Group "B", uas muaj xws li qeeb-chaw binders. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ntau tshaj nees nkaum feeb. Lub sab sauv txwv yog tsis caag.

Fineness yog txiav txim los ntawm seem nyob rau sab cib hais. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ib tug sab cib nrog ib tug Mesh loj ntawm 0.2 hli yeej ib txwm gypsum binders. Standard qhia txog cov nram qab no pawg:

• Ntxhib sib tsoo, los yog thawj pab pawg neeg ntawd hais tias lub suab sib tshua mus rau nees nkaum-peb feem pua ntawm cov khoom.

• Medium av (thib ob pab pawg neeg), yog hais tias tus sab cib yog tsis ntau tshaj li kaum plaub feem pua ntawm cov phau ntawv.

• Fine sib tsoo (peb pawg) qhia tias cov seem ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw rau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tsis pub tshaj ob feem pua.

Cov ntaub ntawv uas twb soj ntsuam rau FLEXURAL zog thiab compression. Ua li no, ib tug plaster tshuaj twb npaj nrog tus tuav ntawm 40 x 40 x 160 millimeters. Ob teev tom qab siv thiab ua, thaum tus dab ntawm crystallization thiab co tiav, pib xeem. Gypsum binders (GOST 125-79) lub dag lub zog muab faib mus rau hauv kaum ob qib. Lawv muaj indexes los ntawm ob mus rau nees nkaum-tsib. Tus nqi ntawm lub tensile zog, nyob ntawm seb tshwj xeeb qib yog sau nyob rau hauv lub rooj. Nws yuav pom txawm nyob rau hauv cov qhua.

Basic tsis thiab hom ntaub ntawv uas yuav muaj nyob rau nws cov daim ntawv lo. Nws zoo li no: G-6 mus rau A-11. Qhov no cov lus yuav qhia tau cov nram qab no:

• T- gypsum phau ntawv.
• 6 - stamp khoom (uas txhais hais tias lub dag lub zog yog ntau tshaj rau megapascals).
• A - txiav txim hom teem sij hawm (ie ceev curing).
• 11 - qhia cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev sib tsoo (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau hauv nruab nrab).

Scope gypsum tshuaj

Technology gypsum binders uas mus muab tau cov ntaub ntawv haum rau siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Cov feem ntau lug siv gypsum nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Raws li ntawm nws daim ntawv thov yuav muab piv nrog rau cov kev siv xis mas. Gypsum phau ntawv muaj ob peb zoo dua cov tib xis mas. Piv txwv li, los tsim nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg roj los ntawm yuav luag plaub zaug. Nws yog tu, resistant rau hluav taws, muaj ib tug porosity nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm peb caug rau caum feem pua, tsis tshua muaj ceev (li mus rau kaum tsib puas kilograms ib cubic Meter). Cov yam ntxwv thiab coj mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam ntawm cov khoom.

Plastering gypsum yog dav siv. Nws daim ntawv thov tsis nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv uas cov qib. Siv phau ntawv nrog fine thiab medium av hais, li qub thiab qeeb tsuab. Gypsum yog ntxiv rau cov plaster ntawm txiv qaub thiab xuab zeb. Qhov no pab lub dag lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj tom qab kom qhuav. Ib tug txheej ntawm plaster rau ntawm qhov chaw yuav du thiab lub teeb, haum rau ntxiv finishing.

Plaster tshuaj txog cov qhab nia los ntawm G-2 mus rau G-7, siv rau manufacturing muab faib panels, los xij, yog li ntawd-hu ua plasterboard thiab lwm yam gypsum qhob khoom. Lawv yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj rau tsim formulations rau nyob rau hauv-lub tsev ua hauj lwm.

Ceramics, iav thiab faience khoom thiab qhov chaw ua nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm gypsum phau ntawv muaj feem xyuam rau hom ntawm G-5 mus G-25. Cov phau ntawv yuav tsum tau dej num raws li ib txwm-chaw thiab los ntawm zoo cov ntaub ntawv.

Gypsum phau ntawv siv los npaj cov tshuaj, uas yog siv rau caulking ntawm qhov rais, qhov rooj, partitions. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tsim qis qib material.

Raws li yuav pom, gypsum phau ntawv yam ntxwv pub rau siv cov khoom rau ntau lub hom phiaj thiab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv. Nws yog check, txias-resistant, tu, eco-friendly, hluav taws kub-resistant khoom. Nws zoo yam ntxwv yog txiav txim los ntawm kev ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv ib tug tej pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug hauv paus.