Grey thiab dawb teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb

Cov tib neeg lub hlwb yog ua los ntawm cov dawb thiab gray teeb meem. Tus thawj - yog tag nrho cov uas yog lawm ua tus sau ntawm lub grey teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub cortex thiab basal nuclei. Nyob rau saum npoo txheej muaj ib tug niaj hnub grey teeb meem paj hlwb uas nws thickness yog ib tug ib nrab mus rau plaub millimeters.

Kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej, yog dab tsi lub grey thiab dawb teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub hlwb.

Los ntawm tej yam cov tshuaj

Cns yam khoom uas ntawm ob hom: dawb thiab grey.

Dawb tshuaj muaj li ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm paj fibers thiab paj cell dab, uas lub hnab ntawv muaj ib tug dawb xim.

Cov grey teeb meem muaj hlab ntsha hlwb nrog dab. Paj fibers txuas ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus poob siab system thiab paj chaw.

Grey thiab dawb teeb meem ntawm cov leeg nrob qaum

Inhomogeneous khoom siv ntawm lub cev yog grey thiab dawb. Tus thawj dluab ntawm ib lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm neurons, uas yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thiab yog peb hom:

• radicular hlwb;
• Nqaj neurons;
• nrog hlwb.

Dawb teeb meem puag ncig hauv cov leeg nrob qaum gray teeb meem. Nws muaj paj dab, composes peb fiber systems:

• intercalary thiab afferent neurons uas txuas ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov leeg nrob qaum;
• piav thoob hlo afferent yog ib tug ntev centripetal;
• lub cev muaj zog afferent los yog ntev centrifugal.

medulla oblongata

peb paub txog qhov lub cev cov hoob kawm, uas cov leeg nrob qaum yuav elongated. Ib feem ntawm lub paj hlwb nyob rau sab saum toj yog thicker tshaj hauv qab. Qhov nruab nrab ntev ntawm nws yog 25 millimeters, thiab yog zoo li tus zoo li ib tug truncated lub khob hliav qab.

Nws muaj lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab hnov nruab nrog cev kev cob cog rua nrog ua pa thiab cov ntshav ncig. Yog li ntawd, grey teeb meem tub ntxhais yog tswj tshuav nyiaj li cas, cov metabolism hauv, kev, kev ua pa, lub zog kom sib haum.

hindbrain

Qhov no lub hlwb yog ua los ntawm tus choj thiab lub cerebellum. Xav txog qhov grey thiab dawb teeb meem nyob rau hauv lawv. Choj yog ib tug loj dawb rau cov menyuam los ntawm lub rear sab ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv ib tes nws qhia nws cov ciam teb nrog rau ob txhais ceg ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - nrog ib tug ntev. Yog hais tias peb ua ib tug ntoo khaub lig-section, lub dawb teeb meem thiab grey nuclei no yuav tsum tau pom zoo heev. Transverse fibers faib kom choj lub ventral thiab dorsal chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub ventral dawb teeb meem mas txoj tam sim no thiab grey no ntaub ntawv nws cov tub ntxhais.

Nraub ib feem yog nuclei: lub switching, reticular tsim, piav thoob hlo systems thiab cranial qab haus huv.

Lub cerebellum yog nyob rau hauv lub occipital lobes. Nws muaj xws li cov hemisphere thiab hauv nruab nrab ib feem hu ua "cab". Cov grey teeb meem ntawm lub cortex thiab cerebellar nuclei uas yog shatro-, nodular, thiab probkovidnym iav. Dawb teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb nyob rau hauv no ib feem yog nyob rau hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov cerebellum. Nws penetrates tag nrho gyrus li dawb platelets thiab muaj ntau fibers, uas yog khi slices thiab Meanders los yog xa mus rau hauv cores los yog txuas lub hlwb seem.

midbrain

Nws pib los ntawm nruab nrab cerebral npuas. Nyob rau hauv ib tes nws sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub brainstem ntawm pineal caj pas thiab lub hlwb sab sauv sail thiab nyob rau lwm yam - nruab nrab ntawm lub mammillary lub cev feem thiab rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus choj.

Nws muaj xws li cov cerebral ciav dej, nyob rau hauv ib txhais tes uas tus ciam teb yog muab los ntawm lub-ru tsev, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - lub log qaum ob txhais ceg. Nyob rau ventral feem paub qhov txawv rear perforated tshuaj thiab loj hlwb qia, thaum lub dorsal - ru tsev phaj thiab ua sab sauv thiab sab cusps.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub cerebral ciav dej nyob rau hauv lub dawb thiab grey teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb, peb pom tias dawb puag ncig lub central gray tshuaj muaj li ntawm zoo hlwb thiab muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 2 mus rau 5 millimeters. Nws muaj ib ntu, thiab cov trigeminal cranial paj, ua ke nrog ntxiv ntsiav thiab lub xeem intermediate.

diencephalon

Nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub corpus callosum thiab cov koov thiab laterally fused nrog lub qhov kawg lub hlwb. Nraub division muaj thalamus, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm uas yog nadbugore, thiab nyob rau hauv lub ventral cheeb tsam nizhnebugornaya.

Grey teeb meem no yog ua los ntawm lub nuclei, uas yog txuam nrog rhiab heev cov chaw.
Dawb teeb meem txoj uas hais nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia, kom ntseeg tau kev twb kev txuas nrog cov tsim ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex thiab lub nucleus. Lub diencephalon kuj muaj xws li lub pituitary thiab pineal caj pas.

endbrain

Sawv cev los ntawm ob hemispheres, uas cais lub qhov khiav raws lawv. Nws txuas mus rau qhov tob ntawm lub corpus callosum thiab spikes.

Cov kab noj hniav muab sab ventricles, nyob rau hauv ib thiab lub thib ob hemisphere. Cov hemispheres yog muaj li ntawm:

• lub tsho tiv no ntawm neocortex los yog rau-ua kiav txhab differing paj hlwb;
• striatum ntawm lub basal ganglia - lub ancient, qub thiab tshiab;
• partitions.

Tab sis tej zaum kuj yog lwm kev faib:

• olfactory hlwb;
• subcortex;
• lub grey teeb meem ntawm lub cortex.

Tsis kov gray teeb meem, tsis txhob tam sim ntawd nyob dawb.

Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hemispheres

Cov dawb teeb meem ntawm lub paj hlwb occupies tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub grey thiab basal nuclei. Muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlab fibers. Cov nram qab no qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub dawb teeb meem:

• tshuaj yeeb dej caw central nrog capsule, corpus callosum thiab ntev fibers;
• radiant crown ntawm divergent fibers;
• semioval chaw nyob rau hauv tus txheej qhov chaw;
• tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv lub grooves ntawm lub convolutions.

Paj fibers yog:

• commissural;
• associative;
• Projection.

Cov dawb substance muaj xws li paj fibers, uas yog kev cob cog rua ib tug thiab lwm yam convolutions ntawm lub cerebral cortex thiab lwm qhov chaw.

paj fibers

Yeej commissural fibers yog ib feem ntawm lub corpus callosum. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub hlwb commissures uas txuas tawv nyob rau hauv txawv hemispheres thiab symmetrical cov ntsiab lus.

Fiber associative seem grouped nyob rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb hemisphere. Nyob rau hauv luv luv no txuas uas nyob ib sab gyri, thiab ntev - nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb deb ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Fibers projection txuam nrog cov kaub puab formations uas nyob qis thiab ntxiv mus rau lub periphery.

Yog hais tias lub hauv capsule saib frontal seem yuav pom lenticular nucleus thiab lub hind ko taw. Projection fibers raug muab faib mus rau hauv:

• fibers extending los ntawm cov thalamus mus rau lub Cortex thiab nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab, lawv ua kom muaj siab thiab daim tawv yog centrifugal;
• fibers ncaj qha mus rau paj lub cev muaj zog nuclei;
• fibers, muab pulses rau cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub tag nrho lub cev;
• fiber qhia los ntawm cov cortex rau tus choj nuclei, regulating thiab muab braking txiav txim mus ua hauj lwm cerebellum.

Cov tiaj fibers uas yog ze rau cov tawv ntoo, tsim radiant yas. Ces qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv nkag mus rau rau hauv lub puab capsule, wherein dawb khoom yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm caudate thiab lenticular nuclei thiab thalamus.

Nyob rau saum npoo yog ib tug tsis tshua complex qauv qhov twg lwm furrows thiab ridges therebetween. Lawv hu ua gyri. Sib sib zog nqus furrows faib lub hemisphere ntawm chaw loj loj, uas yog hu ua lobes. Feem ntau sulcus ntawm lub paj hlwb yog heev neeg, lawv muaj peev xwm yuav txawv rau cov neeg sib txawv.

Lub hemispheres muaj tsib lobes:

• frontal;
• parietal;
• sab nqaij daim tawv;
• occipital;
• islet.

Furrow central originates nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub hemisphere thiab tsiv thiab xa mus rau tus frontal lobe. Tsheb feem ntawm lub hauv paus sulcus yog lub parietal lobes, uas xaus parietooccipital furrow.

Pem taub hau lobe yog muab faib ua plaub Meanders, ntsug thiab kab rov tav.
Lub sab nto nqaij daim tawv lobe yog sawv cev los ntawm peb cov convolutions uas yog delimited los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Sulcus ntawm lub occipital lobe yog nce mus nce los. Tab sis txhua leej txhua tus feem ntau muaj ib tug ntoo khaub lig, uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog rau thaum xaus interparietal furrow.

Nws nyob rau ntawm parietal lobe groove khiav thaum uas tig mus rau lub central kab rov tav thiab cov phiajcim nrog rau lwm cov groove. Nyob ntawm seb lawv qhov chaw nyob, qhov no sib qhia yog muab faib ua peb convolutions.

Island muaj ib cov voos zoo. Nws yog them nrog es luv luv convolutions.

lub hlwb lesion

Tsaug rau lub achievements ntawm niaj hnub science los ua tau mus nqa tawm high-tech diagnostic hlwb. Yog li, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug pathological lesion nyob rau hauv dawb teeb meem, nws muaj peev xwm yuav ntes tau nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov rau theem thiab muab kev kho mob nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm.

Ntawm cov kab mob uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov txhab ntawm lub substance, tso nws nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum polushaniyah, tsiav tshuaj pathology, corpus callosum thiab syndromes mixed cim. Piv txwv li, thaum lub rear ceg raug mob ib tug ib nrab ntawm cov tib neeg lub cev muaj peev xwm ua kom xiam hoob khab. Qhov teeb meem no tej zaum yuav tshwm sim nrog impaired rhiab heev los yog pom tau qhov sib teb tsis xws luag. Malfunction ntawm lub corpus callosum ua rau kev puas hlwb kev ntshawv siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus neeg tsis tu tsis tseg kom paub txog cov ib puag ncig khoom, txheej xwm, thiab lwm yam, los yog tsis ua kas ua. Yog hais tias lub homphiaj yog ob mog, yuav tsum tau cai nqos mob thiab hais lus.

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob grey thiab dawb teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, sai dua ntawd ntes hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus kab mob, lub zoo dua qhov muaj feem uas kho mob yuav muaj kev vam meej.