Gas laser: txheej txheem cej luam, yam ntxwv, lub lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus

Lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm feem ntawm ib yam ntawm cov laser ntaus ntawv yog ib tug thiaj li hu ua active nruab nrab. Nws tsuas tsis yog lub hauv paus ntawm directional khiav, tiam sis nyob rau hauv ib co embodiments nws tej zaum yuav muaj nuj nqis kho kom zoo. Nws yog qhov no feature ntawm cov roj sib tov thiab muaj ib tug projecting active tshuaj nyob rau hauv laser tshuab. Yog li muaj ntau cov qauv ntawm cov xws li, thiab differing qauv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Xijpeem, ib tug roj laser muaj ntau yam zoo, uas tso cai rau nws mus coj ib tug ruaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm ntau industrial qhauj.

Nta ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm lub gaseous nruab nrab

Feeb txuam nrog cov khoom-xeev lasers thiab kua puag ncig conducive mus rau tsim ntawm lub teeb beam nrog qhov tsim nyog ua tau zoo. Yog li roj muaj zoo ntawm uniformity thiab tsawg ceev. Cov qualities tso cai rau cov laser xov yog tsis distorted, txuag zog thiab tsis tsis ploj. Tsis tas li ntawd gas laser yus muaj los ntawm ntau zog tawg directivity, uas txhais tau tias cov kev txwv ntawm tsuas diffraction ntawm lub teeb. Piv nrog rau cov khoom lub cev ntawm cov roj particle sis tshwm sim heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv collisions nyob rau hauv thermal xaav. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub zog spectrum ntawm muab tub lim sau raws nkaus Ii lub zog ntawm txhua tus ntawm tus neeg hais.

Gas laser apparatus

Classical apparatus ntawm xws li yog tsim ib tug kaw raj nrog ib tug gaseous haumxeeb nruab nrab, raws li zoo raws li ib tug kho qhov muag resonator. Lub paug raj feem ntau yog ua los ntawm alumina ceramics. Nws yog muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm cov plaub thiab lub reflecting daim iav rau ib tug beryllium lub tog raj kheej. Lub paug yog ua nyob rau hauv ob nqe lus nrog ib tug ntau cathode ntawm qhov tam sim no. Oksidnotantalovye txias cathodes yog feem ntau sib cais mus rau hauv ob qhov chaw los ntawm txoj kev dielectric taub txuas uas saib kuas niaj hnub tam sim no muab faib rau. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj laser apparatus muab rau anodes - lawv muaj nuj nqi ua stainless steel, muab nyob rau hauv ib lub tshuab nqus bellows. Cov ntsiab muab ib tug saj zawg zog kev twb kev txuas raj, ib tug plaub thiab ib daim iav yas dhos.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

Rau sau tus active lub cev nyob rau hauv cov roj zog thov fais ntswg, uas yog generated nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav ntawm tus dais electrodes ntawm lub raj. Nyob rau hauv lub sib tsoo ntawm cov electrons nrog roj hais yog lawv excitation. Qhov no ua lub hauv paus rau lub emission ntawm photons. Tsa emission ntawm lub teeb tsis nyob rau hauv lub raj nce thaum lub sij hawm lawv cov nqe vaj lug kub los ntawm ib tug roj ntshav. Raug tsom iav rau hauv lub xaus ntawm lub tog raj kheej muab lub hauv paus rau lub predominant kev taw qhia ntawm lub teeb flux. Ib tug semitransparent daim iav uas yog muab nrog ib tug roj laser, xaiv lub directional beam ntawm cov zauv seem ntawm photons, thiab tshuav ib feem ntawd yog reflected hauv lub raj, cov yuav txhawb tawg muaj nuj nqi.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Lub puab kab uas hla ntawm lub paug raj yog feem ntau 1.5 hli. Inch oksidnotantalovogo cathode yuav ncav cuag 48 hli nrog 51 hli ntev ntawm lub caij. Nyob rau hauv no tsim ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv DC voltage ntawm 1000 V. Cov Helium-neon laser tawg hwj chim yog me me thiab, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog xam nyob rau hauv kaum ntawm ib tug Watt.

Qauv carbon dioxide cia siv hlab nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 2 mus rau 10 cm. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov roj laser kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nruam hom muaj ib tug heev muaj peev xwm. Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm ua hauj lwm efficiency, qhov no zoo tshaj yuav yog tej zaum ib tug ntxiv, tab sis kom muaj ib tug ruaj khov kev ua xws li yuav tsum tau check thiab txhim khu kev qha daim iav uas muaj kho qhov muag zog. Feem ntau, technologists thiab sapphire siv hlau ntsiab ntawm kub kev kho mob.

ntau yam ntawm lasers

Lub ntsiab kev faib txhais tau tias xws lasers sib cais hom roj sib tov. Twb hais nta ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv lub active carbon lub cev, tab sis kuj ntau ion, Helium-neon thiab tshuaj ib puag ncig. ion roj lasers tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj thermal conductivity rau qhov siv thiab ua cov ntaus ntawv qauv. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub siv cermet ntsiab thiab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm beryllium ceramics. Helium-neon chaw yuav khiav rau txawv wavelengths ntawm infrared tawg nyob rau hauv qhov pom lub teeb spectrum. Resonator tsom iav xws li yog yus muaj los ntawm muaj multilayer dielectric coatings.

Tshuaj lasers yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qeb ntawm cov roj cov kav dej. Lawv kuj xav siv raws li ib tug ua hauj lwm nruab nrab roj sib tov, tiam sis cov tsim ntawm lub teeb emission yog muab los ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Uas yog, cov roj yog siv rau cov tshuaj excitation. Devices ntawm no hom yog ib qho kev zoo nyob rau hauv hais tias lawv yuav nyiaj tso ncaj txoj kev hloov cov tshuaj muaj zog rau hauv electromagnetic tawg.

Kev siv cov roj lasers

Yuav luag tag nrho cov lasers ntawm no hom yog yus los ntawm ib tug high degree ntawm kev ntseeg, durability thiab tus nqi tsim nyog. Tej yam zoo coj mus rau lawv ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam industries. Piv txwv li, Helium-neon apparatus tau siv nyob rau hauv leveling thiab kho kev ua hauj lwm yog ua nyob rau hauv lub mine ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv shipbuilding thiab nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam lug. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug Helium-neon lasers yog haum rau siv nyob rau hauv kho qhov muag sib txuas lus koom haum, nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm holographic cov ntaub ntawv thiab quantum gyroscopes. Muaj yog ib qho kev zam los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm kev siv tswv yim, thiab ib tug argon gas laser, uas nws daim ntawv thov qhia tau hais tias ua hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas ua. Nyob rau hauv kev, xws li pab raws li ib tug Carver sawmills thiab hlau.

Xyuas ntawm cov roj lasers

Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov lasers nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm dej siab kev kawm zog, ntau cov neeg siv daim ntawv qhia txog ib tug siab directivity thiab lub zuag qhia tag nrho ntawm cov teeb beam. Tej yam ntxwv yuav tau piav los ntawm ib tug me me feem ntawm kho qhov muag distortion hais txog ntawm qhov kub ib puag ncig. Raws li rau cov disadvantages, lub peev xwm rau cov ntaub ntawv tawm ntawm gaseous xov xwm yuav tsum tau ib tug loj voltage. Tsis tas li ntawd, Helium-neon roj laser thiab pab kiag li lawm kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide mixtures, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab hluav taws xob kev twb kev txuas. Tab sis, raws li kev xyaum qhia, qhov tshwm sim justifies nws tus kheej. Kev siv cov muaj hwj huam pab kiag li lawm, thiab nrhiav thiab pab kiag li lawm muaj hwj chim loj tej zaum.

xaus

Possibilities paug blends nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv laser tshuab yog tseem insufficiently siv. Cuaj kaum, qhov kev thov rau tej khoom tau ntev tau ntse loj hlob, txoj kev ua ib tug tsim nyog me me thiab ua lag luam. Cov feem ntau lug siv laser roj tau txais nyob rau hauv lub lag luam. Nws yog siv raws li ib lub cuab tam rau hnov thiab huv si tej ntawm khoom cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis muaj xyuas nyob rau hauv cov kis ntawm tej khoom. Firstly, nws yog ib lub ceev ceev coj lub caij substrate, uas thiaj li muaj qhov durability ntawm lub twj paj nruag. Secondly, muaj siab uas yuav tsum tau mus muab hluav taws xob paug tsim nyog rau beamforming.