Fallout vaj tse. Ib tug neeg thiab collective kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob kev raug mob

Tawg xyuas nqa tawm nyob rau hauv industrial cov nroj tsuag thiab nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag tsis cais tau tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Yog li ntawd, txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv lawv lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb sau cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kawm.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub ERP

fallout chaw nyob (abbreviated - - MDP) Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb vaj tse nyob rau siv tawg puas tsuaj. Lawv pab kom tiv thaiv cov pej xeem tiv thaiv ionizing tawg, uas muaj cai thaum lub sij hawm kab mob ntawm cov tawg cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ionizing tawg (xws li neutron flux), lub teeb emission ntawm cov poob siab yoj (cov) kev sib cuag nrog cov khaub ncaws thiab daim tawv nqaij ntawm tib neeg lom, tej tshuaj, thiab lom (kab mob) nrog.

Tej lub sij hawm xyuas cov ntawm muab cov moe. Moscow, piv txwv li, muaj txhiab tus Cross, ib co ntawm lawv muab up coj mus muag cov koom haum. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tswj tau ntawm lub enterprise theem, cheeb tsam thiab cov cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg lawv nyob, kom tsim tau ib tug tshwj xeeb commission. Lawv muaj xws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntau yam tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm, ICE thiab FEMA. Moscow - lub peev ntawm peb lub teb chaws, li ntawd, hauv lub xeev ntawm lub ERP mus soj ntsuam ntau. Care yuav tsum tau coj tsis los cuam tshuam txog lub los nyob rau hauv lawv.

Ntaub ntawv thiab cov chaw rau MDP

Fallout Cross feem ntau yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub qab lawj ntawm ntau yam vaj tse. Tej zaum nws yuav raug ua lub tsev kev qhia freestanding vaj tse. Rau lub hom phiaj no, muaj kev siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li thwv cib, ua vaj tse prefabricated hais, dov, raws li zoo raws li lub zos khoom (pob zeb, ntoo, thiab lwm yam). Lub phab ntsa thickness nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum txaus rau kev tiv thaiv. Yuav ua li cas lawv yog thicker, qhov ntau txhim khu kev qha yuav tsum lub qhov taub. Nyob rau hauv treeless chaw, yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj lwm yam kev siv ntaub ntawv, nws tseem tau los mus tsim ib PRU ntawm fascines, uas yog ua los ntawm reeds, twigs, straw, pas nrig, paj noob hlis, pob kws stalks.

Tag nrho recessed cheeb tsam haum rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv, yuav tsum nruj heev heev rau lub fallout vaj tse. Qhov no cellars, qab tsev, tej qhov tsua, underground workings, zaub khw. Haum thiab nto vaj tse, cov phab ntsa uas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cov khoom. Cheeb Tsam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum yuav txawv.

pressurization

Lug txhim khu lub tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntawm lub kaw qhov rais qhib, raws li zoo raws li ntxiv ib zaug li. Nyob rau tshooj nchuav av txheej. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, los ntawm sab nraum protruding saum toj no qhov chaw ntawm cov phab ntsa ua cov av podsypku.

Sealing yog tiav los ntawm ceev faj sealing ntawm lub qhov, nrib pleb thiab to ntawm qab nthab thiab cov phab ntsa, lub hlws ris ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib, lub tswv yim dej thiab cua sov kav. Tsis tas li ntawd nws muab ib tug haum qhov rooj uas yuav tsum upholster ntsoov, thiab cov vestibule yuav muab yob ntawm felt los yog lwm cov mos mos tuab cov ntaub so ntswg.

cua

Yog hais tias ib tug me me rau thaj tsam ntawm lub chav tsev, airing xws Cross tsim kom haum raws li tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 30 neeg, tshwm sim lawm los ntawm lub tso thiab mov cua ducts. Tus thawj kom tsim traction ua li cas txog 1.5-2 m saum toj no tus thib ob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub dlaim visors rau cua ducts (lawv txheej davhlau ya nyob twg). Nyob rau nkag mus rau ua nruj haum damper yog kaw thaum lub kev hem thawj ntawm tej fallout.

nrog ntaus ntawv

Yog hais tias qhov chaw uas adapts rau lub vaj tse yog tsis txawm peem rau nrog sewerage thiab khiav dej, muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv cov dej tank. Nws yuav tsum muaj txog 3-4 litres ib tug neeg ib hnub. Zoo lub tsev qhov latrines los yog lwm ntim. Lub vaj tse ua racks, tej los yog chests npaj rau zaub mov. Cov chav tsev yog illuminated nrog ib tug portable fais teeb los yog los ntawm lwm fais fab mov.

kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj

Tiv Cross antiradiation zog yog cov sib txawv. Rau qhov kev luj xyuas kev siv ib qho taw qhia xws li ib tug tiv thaiv zoo tshaj. Nws hais txog yuav ua li cas muaj ntau zaus lub tsev no thiaj li muaj cov tawg koob tshuaj. Qhov no zoo tshaj yog los ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb. Phab ntsa thickness, cov khoom los ntawm qhov uas lawv ua, sealability lwm yam retrofitted sab hauv ntawm cov vaj tse los yog qab lawj yuav ua tau ob peb kaum los sis txawm pua pua ntawm lub sij hawm mus kom lawv tiv thaiv cov khoom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv chav qab lawj tsev nruab ua los ntawm cov ntoo, kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj nce mus txog 100, thaum lub pob zeb - 1000 tauj Kwv yees li 7-12 lub sij hawm attenuate tawg cellar unequipped thiab nruab txo nws raug 350-400 lub sij hawm. Yog li, nkaum qhov nyuaj hom muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj, ntau tshaj txhim khu kev qha - ntau dua.

Yuav ua li cas kom coj nyob rau hauv tsev

Muaj ntau yam kev cai ntawm kev coj cwj pwm nyob rau hauv lub teb distributor. Fallout Cross sau txog kev ceev thiab koom. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse raug hla lawm cov me nyuam, cov neeg laus thiab cov poj niam nrog cov me nyuam. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw xws rau lawv. Ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv ib tug vaj tse, mus coj ib tug khoom noj rau ob hnub (qhwv rau hauv hnab yas). Nws yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv teej tug mus rau lub chav dej, tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom (uas peb yuav sib tham txog tom qab) thiab ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm tej khoom.

Muaj zog tsw thiab cov tshuaj yog txwv tsis pub coj nyob rau hauv lub ERP. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob ua rau ib tug tsiaj, muab tua yam khoom. Cov tsev tsis tau mus kev tsis tas. Tsis xav mus rau lub teeb ib lub tsev-ua teeb, taws tswm ciab, kerosene teeb tsis tau tso cai. Cov neeg uas yog nyob rau hauv tej qho, yuav tsum ua raws li nrog tag nrho cov lus qhia thiab yuav tsum ntawm cov commander.

Qhov xaus ntawm lub vaj tse yog ua, los yog raws li yuav tsum tau, los yog "Las mees" tom qab lub tswb nrov. Yog hais tias lub ntsiab outputs yog lawm ua tus sau, nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub thaum muaj xwm ceev tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev qhaj ntawv ntawm lub yav tas yog tsim nyog los noj ntsuas rau clearing lub txhaws thiab qhib qhov rooj rog cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse.

Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm tawg?

Tag nrho cov tawg qhov chaw nqa ib siab uas yuav muaj. Dua li no, muaj ntau txoj kev los tiv thaiv tiv thaiv mob. Sij hawm ntawm fallout Cross yog kom txo tau cov tsis zoo los ntawm hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis tau kiag li tshem tawm qhov teeb meem los. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias muaj lwm txoj kev los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm nws. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua 3 hom: deb, lub sij hawm, thiab koj tus kheej tiv thaiv cov khoom. Ib tug nyuag saib txhua ntawm lawv.

kev tiv thaiv lub sij hawm

Lub essence ntawm no txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog kom txo tau cov sij hawm uas nyob twj ywm ntawm tus neeg nyob ze rau qhov tawg qhov chaw. Raug mob rau peb noj qab haus huv yog tus loj dua, ntev lawm tsis deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob. Qhov no txoj kev ntawm kev tiv thaiv siv, nyob rau hauv particular, rau cov tshem tawm ntawm lub Chernobyl kev huam yuaj. Liquidators tau muab ob peb feeb teb kom tiav lawv cov ua hauj lwm thiab rov qab mus rau ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg cheeb tsam. Nws yog ib heev unfortunate txim ua timeout thaum lub sij hawm uas yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam cov. Nce raug, ua tawg kev mob kev nkeeg yuav tshwm sim.

kev tiv thaiv deb

Thaum ib tug kwv yog kuaj, uas yog ib qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob, ib tug txaus ntshai rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej, nws yog tsim nyog los txav mus deb ntawm nws mus rau ib tug deb qhov chaw uas cov tawg thiab tom qab tawg tsis pub dhau lub permissible txwv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tawg qhov chaw yuav tsum noj tawm rau burial los yog muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj kev ruaj ntseg cheeb tsam.

Tej kev tiv thaiv cov khoom

Tej zaum nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm tej yam kev ua si nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj siab tawg tom qab. Piv txwv li, qhov no yuav tsis tau zam thaum lub huam yuaj ntawm lub nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag los yog chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam uas muaj Enterprises, uas lub hauv paus ntawm hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv xws chaw yuav tsum tau ua qhov tawg xyuas. Muaj peev xwm tsis yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog txaus ntshai rau cov kev kho mob thiab txawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg. Rau xws li tus neeg mob, tus neeg tawg tiv thaiv txhais tau tias tau tsim. Nws cov ntxaij vab tshaus tawm cov ntaub ntawv, delaying tej hom ntawm hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau PPE xws li cov looj ib ce.

Muaj ob peb hom ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv them nyiaj thiab qhov xwm ntawm cov tawg hais. Yog li ntawd, cov kev tiv thaiv txhais tau tias yog ua los ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv los mus tiv tej hom ntawm hluav taws xob.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov tawg alpha, koj yuav muab tso rau hnab looj tes, ib tug qhov ncauj los yog ib txwm siv "barrier" ntawm daim ntawv. Yog hais tias ib tug predominant beta-tawg, qhov screen yuav xav tau ib tug nyias daim ntawv ntawm txhuas, iav los yog plexiglass. Nruab nrab ncauj yuav tsis tiv thaiv cov tib neeg ua pa system los ntawm no hom ntawm hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav xav tau ib tug roj daim npog qhov ncauj.

Los ntawm gamma tawg los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej lub hardest. Kev moog hab lug muaj kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv no hom ntawm hluav taws xob, yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm steel, cam khwb cia hlau, cov hlau lead, tungsten los yog lwm yam co muaj ib tug loj loj. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag siv cov khaub ncaws ua los ntawm cov hlau lead.

Ntau hom ntawm polyethylene tej, polymers thiab txawm dej yuav tiv thaiv koj los ntawm cov raug mob tshwm sim los ntawm raug neutron hais.

Khoom noj khoom haus additives thiab cov khoom

Kev pab noj haus yog feem ntau siv los tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tawg ua ke nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab overalls. Lawv yuav tsum tau noj ntawm ncauj yog ua ntej ncav lub tawg tsam, los yog tom qab. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lawv pab txo tau qhov tsis zoo feem ntawm radionuclides nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.

Ib txhia cov zaub mov kuj pab txo tau qhov teeb meem los ntawm hluav taws xob. Cov lawv yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg nplej, dawb qhob cij, walnuts thiab radishes. Nyob rau hauv ib tug me me raws li cov zaub mov yuav txo tau cov teebmeem ntawm hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv tib neeg vim muaj cov selenium, uas tiv thaiv lub tsim ntawm hlav tshwm sim los ntawm, xws li hluav taws xob kis. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib ntaus nrog nws zoo heev, thiab cov tshuaj ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm algae (Chlorella, kelp). Tshem lub cev ntawm tej nuclides tau penetrated rau hauv nws, txawm cov muaj peev xwm cov qij thiab cov dos.

"Ginseng" - ib tug zoo herbal tshuaj tiv thaiv tawg. Nws yog muag nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub khw muag tshuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 40-50 dauv ob zaug ua ntej noj mov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kom tsis txhob muaj lub concentration ntawm radionuclides nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav pab Extract ntawm Eleutherococcus. Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 0.25-0.5 diav ib hnub twg ntawm cov tshuaj yej nyob rau hauv lub yav sawv ntxov thiab thaum noj sus. Rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tawg yog pab tau lungwort, dab ntxwg nyoog thiab Leuzea, uas yog tseem muag nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag tshuaj.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj yog tsis muaj peev xwm kiag li tshem tawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm hluav taws xob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav tiv thaiv tawm tsam nws - tsis txhob kov raug tej, thiab sai li sai li sai tau mus rau tawm hauv qhov chaw, muaj ntau zog radioactivity. Nyob nraim yeej ncuab thiab fallout Cross yuav pab txo cov tsis zoo feem ntawm cov tawg, yog hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tawm ib qho chaw uas phom.