Economic Thaj Chaw East-Siberian: cov ntsiab lus, kev nyab xeeb, kev pabcuam loj, pejxeem

Economic cheeb tsam ntawm East Siberia - ib yam ntawm cov coob thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub 12 zoo xws li cov hwv units ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nrog nws cov loj heev cov kev pab thiab nyiaj txiag tej zaum, nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm infrastructure thoob plaws lub teb chaws. Yuav ua li cas yog lub economic cheeb tsam ntawm Eastern Siberia, qhov twg nws yog nyob, yog dab tsi pab tau thiab dab tsi yog nws cov nta? Cia wb mus ze zog saib nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem.

thaj chaw

Thaj txoj hauj lwm - thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau them xim rau. Qhov no yog ib yam uas influences ob lub kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab nws cov kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Economic cheeb tsam ntawm Eastern Siberia yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg Esxias ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nws occupies ib tug loj cheeb tsam thaj cheeb tsam Siberia. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no economic cheeb tsam, ib thaj nyuag luag zoo tib yam rau lub Siberian Federal District. Lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tsis muaj xws li tsuas yog ib Western Federal District.

East-Siberian cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob nws ciam teb rau lwm nrog rau sab hnub poob Siberian economic cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj - nrog rau cov Far East, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. North cheeb tsam ntxuav los ntawm cov dej ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv.

Economic Thaj av East-Siberian muaj thaj tsam ntawm 4.123.000 km ^2. Qhov no yog siab tshaj cia li qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov Far Eastern economic cheeb tsam.

Cov no yog cov thaj chaw ntawm lub hwv units ntawm Russia.

administrative division

Tam sim no muab cov kev kawm ntawm lub East Siberian economic cheeb tsam. Nws yog muab faib ua rau cov thawj tswj cheeb tsam:

• Koom pheej ntawm Khakassia.
• Koom pheej ntawm Tyva.
• Koom pheej ntawm Buryatia.
• Irkutsk cheeb tsam.
• Krasnoyarsk Territory.
• Trans-Baikal Territory.

Txhua cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lem, yog muab faib mus rau hauv kev tswj cheeb tsam.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws cheeb tsam - Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam. Nws cheeb tsam yog 2366.797 sq. M. km, uas yog tus thib ob siab tshaj plaws tom qab Yakutia rau tag nrho cov kev kawm ntawm lub federation. Ces qhov loj ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev yuav tsum yog tus Trans-Baikal Territory, lub Irkutsk cheeb tsam thiab Buryatia. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, koj muaj peev xwm visually saib tus piv ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov sib txawv lam ntawm nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam ntawm lub federation. Tus me tshaj luaj li cas ntawm cov cheeb tsam muaj Khakasiia (61,600 km ^2.).

Koog tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj tswj cov chaw zov me ntawm kev kawm ntawm lub federation:

• Abakan (Khakassia).
• Krasnoyarsk (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
• Kyzyl (Tyva).
• Ulan ude (Buriatia).
• Chita (Trans-Baikal Territory).
• Irkutsk (Irkutsk cheeb tsam).

Txhua yam ntawm cov kev koom yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb rau lub cheeb tsam. Cov no yog cov lub zos uas kuv yuav ua tau txaus siab ntawm Siberia. Krasnoyarsk - qhov loj tshaj plaws lub nroog ntawm no economic cheeb tsam. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov inhabitants nyob rau hauv nws ntau tshaj li ib plhom leej neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog suav tias yog qhov chaw ntawm lub economic cheeb tsam.

kev nyab xeeb

Ib tug loj ntev ntawm lub sab qaum teb-sab qab teb yog vim li cas rau lub loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev nyab xeeb aav nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub koog tsev.

Nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv nyob arctic suab puam nrog ib tug ntawm cov qis tshaj kub regimes rau lub ntiaj teb. Daus cover ntawm no tag nrho cov xyoo puag ncig. Nyob ze ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv yog lub tundra tsam. Qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj, muaj yog -36 ° C. Nyob rau lub xyoo muaj tsawg kawg yog plaub caug hnub, thaum lub sij hawm uas tus kub tshaj 10 ° C. Lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm yog xam tau tias yog lub caij ntuj sov. Nws nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub tundra nrog tsawg nroj tsuag, txias summers thiab txias winters.

Ntxiv rau sab qab teb yuav tsum taiga. Qhov no tsam occupies ib tug loj ib feem ntawm nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam. Nws pom qhov txawv feature yog lub tuab tej nroj tsuag hais feem ntau yog ntoo siab siab. Caij ntuj so no yog kub thiab winters yog hnyav.

Mus rau sab qab teb yog qho steppe thiab steppe aav. Lawv sawv ntsug tawm nyob rau hauv lub kub lub caij ntuj sov thiab kuj txias winters. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov steppe ntog heev me ntsis dej nag, thiab tej nroj tsuag muaj tsawg-loj hlob nroj tsuag. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus steppe thiab steppe cheeb tsam occupies ib tug heev me me cheeb tsam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub roob, muaj cov chaw ntawm altitudinal aav uas muaj kev climatic yam ntxwv.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no economic cheeb tsam cim los ntawm ntse continental hom ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no yog vim ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm lub sov dej hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, txhua hnub thiab txhua xyoo kub hloov mus hloov los nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv yog heev tseem ceeb.

natural resources

Ntuj cov kev pab ntawm lub East Siberian economic cheeb tsam cim heev ib tug loj ntau yam thiab ntim ntawm stocks.

Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam muaj cov loj loj tso ntawm lignite thiab nyuaj thee, kub, roj, hlau, polymetallic thiab tooj liab-npib tsib xee ores. Muaj kuj reserves ntawm asbestos, graphite, ntsev, talc thiab mica.

Tab sis lub ntsiab cheeb tsam ntawm nyiaj txiag kev pab - loj heev lawm hav zoov. Rau qhov ntsuas no, nws tuas cov coj noj coj ua ntawm cov uas zoo sib xws hwv lug nyob rau hauv Russia.

reservoirs

Lub natural resources muaj xws li heev heev dej thiab pas dej. Nyob rau hauv lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag, lawv yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau nuv ntses thiab cov ntses ua liaj ua teb, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug thauj leeg, raws li zoo raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob.

Ntawm cov loj dej lub cev yuav tsum muab sau ua ke Lake Baikal. Nws yog ib lub deepest pas dej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov tob yog 1642 m. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias mov ntawm cov dej tshiab nyob rau hauv lub reservoir mus txog 19% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tag nrho.

Ntawm lub ntws yog tsim nyog los xaiv lub feem ntau ntev Lavxias teb sab Lena dej (4,400 km), lub Yenisei thiab cov Amur. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, loj dej qhov chaw yog hav dej xws li qis Tungusska, Hatanga, Selenga, Stony Tunguska. Heev tseem ceeb dej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog lub Angara, uas txuas tau lub Baikal thiab Yenisei. Cov dej no yog ib tug series ntawm pas fais fab noj, nrog rau cov Bratsk pas cog, ua lossis loj nyiaj ntawm hluav taws xob.

koog tsev kawm ntawv cov pej xeem nyob

Cov pejxeem kawm nyob rau hauv lub economic cheeb tsam ntawm 8.4 lab. Cov neeg. Cov pejxeem ceev no yog ib tug ntawm cov qis tshaj nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab yog hais txog 2 tus neeg. 1 sq. km. Cov nram qab no daim duab xwb nyob rau hauv lub Far Eastern economic cheeb tsam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yav qab teb ib feem muaj ib tug ntau dua theem ntawm cov pejxeem tshaj tag nrho ntawm lub East-Siberian cheeb tsam raws li ib tug tag nrho. Ntawm no pejxeem ceev nce mus txog ib theem ntawm 30 cov neeg. ib sq. km.

Pawg lwm haiv tib Lavxias teb sab predominate ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm lub economic cheeb tsam. Lawv qhia tshaj 80% ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Tag nrho lwm cov haiv neeg yog ua tsis tau zoo rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev mus kawm ntawv. Rau qhov loj tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab Buryat thiab Tuva yog - lub hauv paus txawm haiv neeg inhabiting lub East Siberian economic cheeb tsam. Cov pejxeem ntawm no cheeb tsam yog tseem tuaj los ntawm Ukrainians thiab Tatars, nyob, ntsig txog, plaub thiab tsib coob.

Cov hauv paus txawm haiv neeg yuav tsum highlight Shor, Evenki thiab Dolgan. Tab sis lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg cov ntaub ntawv yog tus me me. Yog li, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Dolgan neeg, muaj tsuas yog ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li 5.5 txhiab. Txiv neej.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam, txij li thaum 2012, tshee ua, txawm hais tias los ntawm 1992 tshwm sim rau lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv lub demographic poob nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyob.

kev lag luam

Economic yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam cim raws li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab ua liaj ua teb.

Lub ntsiab ceg ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog tsuas. Muaj yog ib tug qhia specialization ntawm lub East Siberian economic cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv tsuas. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws occupies ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw thee tsuas, roj, thiab ntau yam hlau ores, uas twb tau hais saum toj no.

Nws muaj muaj peev xwm ntawm Eastern Siberia. Krasnoyarsk nto moo tsim hnyav machinery thiab metallurgical kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub nroog muaj ib tug cog rau zus tau tej cov tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li lub tuam txhab, uas ua TVs.

Nyob rau hauv Irkutsk muaj ib lub Hoobkas uas tsom rua hnyav engineering, enterprise aircraft manufacturing, raws li zoo raws li Russia lub loj tshaj plaws zog lub tuam txhab "Irkutskenergo". Qhov no yog vim li, txij li thaum lub zog muaj peev xwm muab qhov loj tshaj plaws Angara cascade. Lub nroog kuj tsim khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam, nyob rau hauv particular zus tau tej cov nqaij, khoom noj siv mis thiab bakery cov khoom.

Kuj muaj siab muaj tej zaum muaj Abakan. Khakassia yuav tau zoo siab rau ntawm xws li ib tug chaw. Nws muaj ib tug loj lub tsheb-tsev Hoobkas, ib tug xov tooj ntawm qhauj ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lub teeb kev lag luam, loj thermal fais fab nroj tsuag. Ntawm qhov tseeb tau yuav tsum tau hu ua lub foundations ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Siberia fais fab nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv hnub ci zog.

Center rau Trans-Baikal cheeb tsam - lub nroog ntawm Chita - nto moo rau nws tsob nroj engineering thiab lub tsev-tsev Hoobkas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tsheb nroj tsuag twb launched ntev los no. Tab sis lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm infrastructure Chita zog kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nroog yog cia li ob lub thermal fais fab nroj tsuag, uas muab hluav taws xob hwj chim thoob plaws hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Major muaj cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws yog ib yam uas Buryatia. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia, uas yog hais saum toj no, kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas no koom pheej puag ncig lub pas dej Baikal. Tsim kev lag luam yog ib tug tseem ceeb ib puag ncig teeb meem rau lub pas dej. Nyob rau hauv lub capital ntawm Buryatia, Ulan-ude considerably tsim ib tug ntau ntawm industries. Muaj engineering, zog, tsuas, siv, ntoo ua qhauj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj cov koom haum koom nyob rau hauv ntau lawm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab lub teeb industries. Kev mloog yuav tsum tau them mus rau lub tuam txhab "Buryatzoloto", koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kub mines.

Qhov tseem underdeveloped cheeb tsam economic cheeb tsam yog lub koom pheej ntawm Tyva. Muaj tau mus txog tseem ceeb proportions xwb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tsuas kev lag luam.

Yog li, lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub economic cheeb tsam yog lub tsuas, metallurgy, ntoo ua, lub hwj chim tiam, siv, thiab khoom noj khoom haus thiab textile kheej ntawm kev tswj.

ua liaj ua teb

Vim qhov xwm ntawm geography thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam hauv qab no lub Arctic vajvoog permafrost npaum ntau lawm nyob rau hauv cov qoob loo tsuas yog tau nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb economic cheeb tsam. Muaj mas zus cov qoob loo. Lub ntsiab qoob loo yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav nplej. Tsis tas li ntawd faib tau txais loj hlob oats thiab barley. Ntawm cov coj mus muag cov qoob loo yuav tsum muab sau ua ke qab zib beets, uas yog zus nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub Krasnodar ib ncig thiab cov koom pheej ntawm Buryatia. Tag yog zus nyob rau hauv ib tug coj mus muag teev xwb nyob rau hauv Minusinskaya phiab.

Tsiaj txu yuav nteg qe yog zoo tsim thoob plaws hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam. Tab sis specialization tsiaj txhu kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb qhov chaw ntawm lub Krasnoyarsk Territory nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub tundra reindeer husbandry yog zoo tsim. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov-steppe thiab steppe thaj chaw, liaj teb koom nyob rau hauv cov yaj ua taus zes. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws zoo nyob rau hauv zoo thiab semi zoo kev taw qhia thiab mjasosherstnyh thiab lub tsho tiv no. Nyob rau hauv lub taiga tsim yug me nyuam thiab yos hav zoov plaub-kev coj tus kheej cov tsiaj, raws li zoo raws li lwm cov chaw ua liaj ua teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub central thiab yav qab teb thaj tsam ntawm lub ntau economic cheeb tsam ntawm beekeeping. Nuv ntses yog muaj yuav luag txhua qhov txhia chaw.

Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg feem ntau kev lag kev luam tsim cheeb tsam ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg muab piv rau cov qoob loo. Qoob loo cov khoom ua nyob ntawm no, cov pejxeem yog tsis txaus, ces nws yog tsim nyog los dovozit los ntawm lwm yam nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Russia thiab los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb yog cov lus hais nyob rau hauv relation mus txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.

Thauj kev

Tsheb thauj mus los yog ib tug heev tseem ceeb rau lub economic kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws lub teb chaws stretches rau txhiab kilometers.

Cov yav qab teb thaj tsam ntawm lub economic cheeb tsam nrog tus thawj tswj chaw ntawm Russia thiab cov Far East yog kab lem. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm Trans-Siberian railway, qhov kev siv ntawm cov uas twb pib nyob rau hauv 1891, thiab cov Baikal-Amur Mainline, tsim los ntawm 1938 mus 1984. Thaum loj mus rau cov thauj ntawm coob uas xam nrog thiab cov khoom ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau nws tau tsim muaj nws tus kheej raws li qhov zoo tshaj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb economic cheeb tsam nteg ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb kev loj ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov kev R255 Novosibirsk - Irkutsk (txoj kev loj "Siberia"), R257 Krasnoyarsk - Mongolia ( "Yenisei"), R258 Irkutsk - Chita ( "Baikal"), R297 Chita - Khabarovsk ( "Cupid"), A340 Ulan-ude - Mongolia, A350 Chita - Tuam Tshoj.

Heev npaum li cas yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog thauj mus rau central thiab sab qaum teb economic cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub Krasnoyarsk Territory. Railway kev sib txuas lus yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv no. Muaj tsheb txoj kev ntawm lub zos tseem ceeb. Tsis loj loj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los, muaj ob tug tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj kev, tab sis lawv nyob nraum zoo nkauj luv luv, raws li txuas settlements nrog airports. Lawv tseem ceeb yog precisely rau muab ib tug nkag mus rau lub kev sib txuas lus uas xaiv yaam tseem ceeb. Qhov no A382 txoj kev loj uas txuas Dudinka tshav dav hlau Alykel thiab A383 txoj kev, uas yuav muab kev nkag tau mus los ntawm lub nroog ntawm Tours tshav dav hlau Roob.

Raws li peb tau pom, av twb kev txuas nyob rau hauv lub central thiab sab qaum teb qhov chaw ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tsim ib tug ncaj tsis muaj zog. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb mas yuav kis tau dej thauj. Hav dej Lena Yenissei, Hatanga, Stony Tunguska yog tej yam ntuj tso backbones uas muab tsheb khiav los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb thiab vice versa. Muab qhov ntev mus, heev ib qho tseem ceeb qhov chaw kuj tuas cov huab cua kev sib txuas lus.

Nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv yog lub seaports ntawm Dudinka, Dixon, Igarka, Noordwijk. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb qhov chaw xwb tsis rau tus Lavxias teb sab navigation, tab sis kuj rau thoob ntiaj teb sib txuas lus.

Tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam

Raws li koj tau pom, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab hnub tuaj-Siberian cheeb tsam rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nws yog lub hauv paus ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm cov zaub mov xws li cov thee, roj, hlau ores, kub thiab lwm tus. Tus muaj peev xwm ntawm cheeb tsam kuj loj heev. Main chaw: metallurgy, tsuas kev lag luam.

Ntawm tshwj xeeb daim ntawv yog cov cim xwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam nrog txawv climatic ib ncig chaw: muaj deserts thiab arctic tundra, taiga thiab steppe. Taiga muaj loj loj reserves ntawm ntoo, ces tsim ua liaj ua teb, muab lub teb chaws nrog nqi furs. Nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia muaj lossis loj dej reserves thiab lub ntiaj teb no lub deepest pas dej Baikal - ib tug yeej muaj tseeb lub pov haum ntawm lub cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus East Siberian economic cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau txhim kho kev thauj mus los infrastructure, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv raising pej xeem txoj kev txhim kho ntawm nyob ntawm no. Cov teeb meem yuav tsis tau daws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv luv. Lawv cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ib tug xaiv yaam kev npaj rau lub neej yav tom ntej. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tsuas mus rau muaj lub hom phiaj, tab sis kuj yuav ua raws li zoo li sai tau nws siv. Thiab tag nrho cov kev pab tsim nyog los siv nws mus rau hauv xyaum nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia yog muaj.