Drilling directional: qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, cov kev siv tawm ntawm lub protracted ntsoog, tus xov tooj ntawm lub tsev vaj tse, muaj ntau ceg, txoj kev thiab lwm yam infrastructure chaw tsub kom. Feem, yog ua ntau nrov high-tech engineering hom kev kawm uas kom tsis txhob lub sij hawm thiab ua hauj lwm.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Cov no muaj xws li ib tug directional drilling. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias muaj zoo li ntsug (standard) los yog angled. Ntxiv mus yuav tsum tau rau qhov no txawv los ntawm cov ntsug / kab rov tav me me: tsuas 2 degrees nrog txheem drilling, ntau tshaj 6 degrees rau sib sib zog nqus drilling (artesian Wells, roj los yog gas).

Lawm, lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov no txawv yuav tshwm sim los tsis tau tsuas yog dag, tab sis heev tej yam ntuj tso ua. Lawv muab faib ua ob peb pawg (geological, technical, hauj). Yog hais tias koj paub tag nrho cov yam kom huv si, koj yuav tau meej tswj qhov chaw ntawm lub zoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.

Raws li, nyob rau hauv dag sib txawv txhais tau hais tias tej yam "warping" wellbore uas yog Ameslikas npaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub tias drilling ntawm directional txhais tau tias nruj tswj ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub zog ntawm lub laum thoob plaws txoj kev kawm.

Nta ntawm drilling roj thiab cov nkev dej

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem xws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nam ntawm qhov roj thiab cov nkev kev lag luam. Muaj directional drilling muaj mus nqa tawm, siv tshwj xeeb daim ntawv qhia profiles. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom nco ntsoov tias lub sab sauv qhov yog yeej ib txwm (!) Yog nruj me ntsis ntsug, thiab qhov hloov tus nqi pib nyob rau theem sab, nyob rau hauv lub teem sij hawm azimuth.

Heev feem ntau directional drilling yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm teb, tab sis tsuas yog thaum lawv prospecting. Ntau cheaper mus xyuas lub xub ntiag ntawm "markers", ua ib tug es ntev sloping qhov tshaj cia li ua rau tho lub pob zeb mus rau ib tug txaus tob mas.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws nqa tawm directional drilling? Lub tshuab yog tus yooj yim: tus thawj lub ntsiab qhov so, ces, nrog rau cov kev pab curving ntaus ntawv mus rau cov yam qhov chaw nkag obliquely los yog horizontally oriented auger, uas yog twb ua ib tug ntxiv ncej. Yuav kom meej muaj ib tug predetermined kev taw qhia ntawm qhov kev tsim, koj yuav tsum tau siv "markers", lawv kuj Beacons. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, siv tshwj xeeb cov koob yees duab uas tso cai rau koj yuav pom tau cov drilling txheej txheem.

ib qho tseem ceeb Cov ntawv ceeb toom

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub yuam kom ua tej qhov dej geological nta ntawm pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, tej zaum nws yog cheaper rau siv qhov tshaj qhov chaw ntawm tshwm sim ntawm ib co cov khoom igneous pob zeb tshaj rau tshum nws.

Tsis tas li ntawd nco ntsoov tias cov drilling directional thiab implies ib tug tawg ntawm ib tug ncaj qha kab rov tav boreholes. Tag nrho cov qhov dej, tau los ntawm cov qauv no yog muab faib mus rau hauv ib thiab multi-branched. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, lub ntsiab lub cev ntawm txav deb ib ob peb cuttings. Xws li ib tug qauv ntawm cov drilling nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab cov nkev kev lag luam yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

• Thaum qhib lub oil- los yog gas-tau cov kabmob strata, uas pw ntawm thaum uas tig mus tej kev yuam kev.
• Yog hais tias nws hloov tawm hais tias lub ua tsim dheev hloov cov kev taw qhia.
• Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas cov roj-tau cov kabmob los yog gas-tau cov kabmob horizons pw hauv qab ntsev ncaws (vim drilling teeb meem los ntawm lub xeem).
• Thaum koj xav tau mus rau bypass lub landslide tsam nyob rau hauv lub mines.
• Nqes hav (kab rov tav, nyob rau hauv particular) drilling yog indispensable yog hais tias tus reservoir lus dag nyob rau hauv ib co lub cev ntawm cov dej los yog nyob rau lub seabed nyob rau hauv lub thaj quarters los yog cais cov vaj tse.
• Nyob rau drilling platforms thiab du, uas yog nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hiav txwv, nyob rau hauv 90% ntawm cov neeg siv tus qauv no qho to thaiv.
• Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, directional drilling yog indispensable yog tias yuav tsum los tuav multilateral dej nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj heev rugged (gullies, toj thiab cov zoo li. D.).

Ib tug zoo xws li cov txheej txheem yog indispensable, yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas (sib tsoo, pob zeb tectonic ua haujlwm) ncej tau txav mus, tiam sis vim muaj ib tug yuav tau txais ib ncig ntawm lub teeb meem chaw. Raws li nws yog ua li cas yog tias koj xav tau cov tub ntxhais mus kuaj los ntawm lub ntsiab pob tw, vim tsis qhov no yog tsis tau.

Tsis tas li ntawd, directional drilling yog siv tau thaum koj xav tau kom sai sai muab tso tawm qhov hluav taws kub rau ib co yog vim li cas, zoo, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg lub sab feem ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum tau nthuav rau ua hauj lwm yog vim li cas. Nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li yam yuav ua tau kom lub kua cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub qub qhov dej, thaum nws yuav tsum tau mus tsa tus lawm tagnrho.

Xws li ib tug xyaum, thaum chiv lub npe hu hais tias lub teb tsis yog rau hauv qeb ntawm tus nplua nuj, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau sai sai "milked". Ces siv "lam ua" drilling, muaj ntau yam thiab ntau-kais los ntawm lub ntsiab qhov sab. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no siv tus txheem txoj kev los ntawm lub teb tso zis yuav tsis muaj, thiab qhov zoo sai sai daig.

Siv kab rov tav directional drilling punched thawj qho to los ntawm cov pa roj carbon muab tshuaj txhuam, raws li nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, lawv yuav tsum tau pre-tso tawm los ntawm cov tau roj hnab ris. Yog hais tias koj ua tsis tau, yuav mob thiab txawm tawg txawm thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam ntawm lub qhov dej.

Rau rhuav lub qhov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mob siv downhole motors (Turbodrills, tej zaum - fais hnyiab, cov muaj hau ntswj lub cev muaj zog). txoj kev drilling - teb.

yooj yim txoj kev

Cov yooj yim txoj kev (raws li peb ua, thiab txawv teb chaws) yog siv cov dynamic nta ntawm lub struts. Qhov no yog to taub, raws li cov txig du nras thiab lub steppes yog tsis qhov txhia chaw.

Feem ntau, ib tug qauv yog muab rau tus qauv khiav (profiles), uas yog lub tsev ua ntej thiab siv rau qhov no xyuam xim modeling txoj kev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias tus "standard" txoj kev yuav tsuas yuav siv tau (!) Nyob rau hauv twb tsim teb, tag nrho cov nta uas tau ntev tau paub. Lub peculiarity ntawm no txoj kev - lub curvature ntawm lub cheeb tsam tsis txhob sim los tswj thiab kho mus rau nws. Alas, tab sis nws zoo nkaus li ib tug tseem ceeb disadvantage ntawm ib tug ntaus cim sawv nyob rau hauv nqe ntawm drilling.

Peb tes num profile yog yuav tsum tau mus kos tus cim qhov chaw muaj lub siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm curvature, raws li tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim tawm lub tiav lawm project tsis tau yus. Rau cov tsim, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no twb kawm engineer directional drilling.

Hloov cov layout ntawm lub drilling rig rau kho cov dabtsi yog khoov ntawm lub zoo

Feem ntau txoj kev thaum nws los txog rau kev tswj hauv lub qhov taub khoov ncaj qha thaum lub sij hawm nws nkag mus. zoo txoj kev vim hais tias nws tsis tau siv tshwj xeeb cov khoom. Nws disadvantage yog ib tug muaj zog muaj kev txwv ntawm cov ceev drilling tej yam kev mob.

Cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom cua diverters

Rau tej hauj lwm no yam yog siv nkhaus Whyteshadows mis eccentric hom, wedges, lwm yam deflectors. Tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm yog xaiv ib lub zuj zus, nyob ntawm seb cov kev teeb meem no thiab lub hom struts.

hav txwv yeem hom

Ib qho tseem ceeb txoj kev directional drilling yog ib tug hav txwv yeem nkag mus qho to. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, thaum pib ntawm tag nrho cov qho to nyob rau ntawm ib tug taw tes, thiab qhov kawg seem - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub npe hu deposits mus.

Cov qauv no yog zoo vim hais tias nws tso cai rau koj mus txo tus nqi ntawm cov installation ua hauj lwm rau ntawm qhov chaw, dramatically txo qhov yuav tsum tau tus xov tooj ntawm kev sib txuas lus kab, xws li txoj kev mus rau lub chaw nyob qhov twg cov ua hauj lwm thiab thiaj li qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov dej thiab fais fab mov kab. Qhov no hom ntawm drilling twb xub kuaj nyob rau hauv lub USSR, precisely ntau, nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan thaum lub sij hawm qhov kev siv ua hauj lwm rau Artem Island.

Lub ntsiab disadvantage yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev zam qhov hla lub qhov ncauj ntawm mines. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb tau yuam kom hluav twb ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub lub sij hawm ntawm lub qhov drilling qho to, raws li yuav tsum tau los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub kev nyab xeeb kev cai. Thaum kawg, ib tug loj loj drawback sectional qho to yog lub complexity ntawm lawv tom ntej txij nkawm thiab kho, thiab nyob rau hauv lub marine ib puag ncig yog ib yam nyuaj heev rau tshem tawm breakouts.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi tej yam kev mob siv pawg drilling?

Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv dab tsi zaum ib tsob ntoo obliquely qhia kab rov tav drilling? Yog vim li cas rau nws daim ntawv thov raug muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no pab pawg:

• Manmade - drilling nyob rau hauv vaj tse, xws li thaj, lwm yam kev chaw.
• Technology - qhov twg nws yog yuav hais tias cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus txheej txheem dej yuav cuam tshuam lub lag luam ntawm uas twb muaj lawm qho to. Sectional txoj kev nyob rau hauv no hais txog tsis yog xws li ib tug "puas".
• Geologic - thaum minerals pw sis tsis ncaj khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, nyob txawv muaj ntau seem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nruab directional drilling yog qhov kev xaiv xwb thaum nws yog tsim nyog kom sai li sai li sai tau mus nrhiav kom tau ntau lawm, tsis tau siv ib tug zoo kawg li tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj.
• Orographic - lub feem ntau pab pawg neeg ntawm yog vim li cas, nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev qhib rau teb nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv, lub pas dej, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis yooj yim struts, raws li zoo raws li lub tso ntawm lub hauv paus qho to los ntawm offshore platforms thiab du.
• Kev nyab xeeb. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub Far North muaj ib tug neeg twg sib yuav yaj permafrost, uas yog vim li cas cov kws txawj tsuas muaj mus rau chaw uasi yog bushy drilling txoj kev. Lwm yam kev yog fraught nrog lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub lumen ntawm lub qhov dej.

Nco ntsoov tias lub siab tshaj plaws cov nyhuv ntawm lub lag luam ntawm pawg dej cai nyob rau hauv ib tug swampy, nquag chaw dej nyab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias thaum directional drilling nyob rau hauv tus nto ntawm lub reservoir yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom muaj ib tug tej neeg ua hauj lwm tau zoo siv lub navigation khoom, tsis muaj ib tug so ntawm lub qhov nyob rau hauv xws tej yam kev mob yuav tsis yooj yim sua.

Yog li, cov hauj lwm uas directional drilling yuav tsum muaj xws li cov kev tshawb fawb rau ib tug tech-miv, kawm ua hauj lwm.

Tseem ceeb nta ntawm cov qauv

Volume fab xws li cov pyramids los yog cones, cov nqi ntawm uas, raws li yuav tsum to taub, nyob ntawm seb qhov luaj li cas thiab lub "blurring" ntawm lub tsim deposits. Raws li, qhov tooj ntawm punched qho to txhais kev muaj peev xwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau to taub hais tias lub ntsiab txhais ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub hav txwv yeem yuav tsum tau kho tiv, raws li ntawm no Performance index nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub expropriated chaw uas zoo heev.

Ntawm kev tseem ceeb yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug kuaj qho to tsis pub dhau rau ib thaj tsam ntawm lub zos. Greater luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab qhov dej tas ua si qhov chaw wellheads. Tsis li ntawd directional drilling pipeline tau ua lub ntsiab txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub xeem 15-20 xyoo, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Qhov zoo los ntawm pawg drilling

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no txoj kev ho cov nqi ntawm lub koom haum ntawm kev uas tsuas los yog kev siv ntawm muaj chaw, muaj txhawb rau lub ntim automation ntawm tag nrho cov raug ua hauj lwm thiab cov txheej txheem. Paub ntau ntxiv tseem, qhov no mus kom ze yuav pab tiv thaiv cov ib puag ncig los ntawm nrhiav cov ib puag ncig tej yam.

Qhov tseeb hais tias qhov kev siv ntawm pawg drilling yuav ua tau kom tag sau cov drilling pov tseg, tsis tas lawv mus cuag cov dej hauv av, raws li tau zoo raws li thiaj yuav ua rau muaj kev txo rau theem ntawm cov yav tag los. Qhov no yog feem ntau pom muaj ib txuj drilling, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsawg kawg kiag.

Ib tug nas muv muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub qhov dej. Feem ntau, lub roj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws koom grouping qho to los ntawm 18-24 tej daim, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tus nab npawb ntawm cov uas rau 30. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis yog ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, vim muaj cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb xyaum, thaum ib tug ntawm cov mines yuav ncaim ntawm 60 " dab. " Nyob rau hauv kev, lub hais tsis zoo BP drilled nyob rau hauv ib tug me me dag kob 60 × m 60 ... 68 tam sim ntawd qho to. Nws yog ua tau rau sharply kom tau qhov ntim ntawm cov roj los ntawm ib tug teb.

Yog li ntawd hais tias drilling directional thiab kab rov tav qhov dej nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub khwv nyiaj txiag yog cov tsis tshua nyob hauv kev thov precisely vim hais tias ntawm lub preservation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab nyiaj txiag kev pab.

Multi-branched hom drilling

Tam sim no, vim yog lub havzoov uas muaj ntau ntawm cov laus teb, lub tsuas txhim khu kev qha txoj kev uas yuav tau cov zaub mov yog siv cov advanced ntau lawm hom kev kawm, uas muaj xws li multihole drilling. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los ntawm lub ntsiab qhov ntawm ib tug tej yam tob neeg ob peb tshiab "dab". Vim hais tias ntawm no heev zog thaj tsam ntawm lub zoo nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntug, ua tagnrho ntawm kev uas tsuas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm koj yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov drilling rau hauv lub Upper, uas tsis yog-tsim horizons.

Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws cov thawj zoo ntawm no hom tau drilled nyob rau hauv 1953 nyob rau hauv Bashkiria. Tab sis lub qhov taub, kis ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub reservoir thickness, yuav tau ua tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm tus 50s. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Samara cheeb tsam. Tam sim ntawd nws twb pom hais tias cov hnub tso zis ntawm tej qhov dej yog hais txog 40% siab tshaj hais tias ntawm lub cores ua los ntawm cov pa, ntsug txoj kev.

Nws yog ces hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws pib tsim directional drilling. Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv no tshwj xeeb raug siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev tsev ntawm lub teb chaws.

Yog hais tias siv splitters txoj kev, tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub tsim nce ho tsub kom kua thiab pom zoo ua noj. Qhov no muaj txhawb rau xwb tsis nce tej yam uas cov borehole, tab sis kuj yuav tsub kom qhov zoo ntawm lub lag luam thaum lub sij hawm nws cov khoom. Qhov no zoo ntawm qho to raug muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no ntau ntau yam:

• Inclined branched hom.
• Horizontally branched.
• Qho to lub radial kev taw qhia.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, cov directional drilling (kab rov tav directional drilling) yog siv nyob rau hauv nyuaj struts thiab nonuniform ntau tiam ntawm horizons. Qhov no txoj kev tso cai (thaum nrhiav tus nqi) rau maximize lub extraction ntawm minerals.

Cov yam ntxwv splitters qho to

Guessed obliquely branched qho to muaj ib tug tseem ceeb ncej txuas los ntawm lub cev thiab lawv chaw hauj lwm dab, uas yog nyob rau hauv sib txawv dav hlau. Ua tau horizontally-qhia hom yog ib tug variation ntawm lub hom cia li piav. Qhov txawv tsuas - los ntawm lub "tua" ntsiab wellbore cuag nruj me ntsis nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav dav hlau nyob rau ntawm ib lub ntawm 90 degrees.

Raws li, qhov radial qho to ntsiab pob tw yog tseem vertically, thiab ntxiv - circumferentially, i.e. nyob rau hauv lub radial kev taw qhia. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, branched dej no yog heev pheej coj ntawm drilling, raws li lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale tso cai rau peb kom peb daws tau ntau yam teeb meem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nam ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm subsurface kev pab:

• Maximally zoo kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj teb nrog cov lus arrangement ntawm horizons. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus ntsug directional drilling yog kev lag kev luam tsis tau yus, txij thaum lub kawg volume yog tau tsis tas loj nqi.
• Drilling oblique kev taw qhia yuav txo tau cov naj npawb ntawm cov qhov dej siv. Qhov no ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis rau tej hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li txo tej yam rau cov ib puag ncig.
• Lub extraction ntawm mas khov crude roj, uas yog pumped ntawm tsis tshua muaj neeg zoo depths.
• Cov tib txoj kev yog siv thaum nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug geothermal chaw nres tsheb siv zog underground dej kub.

Yog li, lub drilling ntawm directional dej - ib tug txheej txheem lug siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub roj thiab cov nkev kev lag luam thiab cov kev siv kev lag luam.