Digestive system: muaj nuj nqi thiab cov qauv

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev - nws digestive system kabmob. Qhov no ua ke nrog ntawm npaj thiab cov xwm, yog li ntawd nws tus tswv muaj peev xwm mus rau extract los ntawm cov zaub mov noj tag nrho cov feem ntau tsim nyog rau lub neej zoo. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub digestive system khiav lag luam xws "cov khawv koob" mechanisms, uas cawm peb los ntawm kab mob, detoxify tshuaj lom, thiab txawm cia peb coj los ua ke ib qho tseem ceeb cov vitamins. Muab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no complex hloov khoom nruab nrog, nws yog tsim nyog los saib xyuas.

Xav txog dab tsi yog qhov digestive system, lub zog ntawm lub digestive system , dhau lawm, tsis txhob cia tsis muaj neeg saib. Koj kuj yuav tau kawm txog dab tsi yog paub tseeb tias yuav ua li cas kom muaj hnyuv kab mob.

Uas cev yog ib feem ntawm lub digestive system?

Lub digestive system muaj cov nram qab no koom haum thiab ceg:

• lub qhov ncauj nrog rau nws lub neeg muaj qaub ncaug;
• Caj pas;
• lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov hlab pas;
• plab;
• me me thiab hnyuv loj;
• siab;
• txiav.

Tom ntej no, peb xav txog cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lub digestive system. Cov nram qab no muab ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub constituent qhov chaw ntawm lub hnyuv ib ntsuj av.

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau cov qauv ntawm cov kabmob ntawm lub cev, tej zaum nws yuav muab sau tseg tias cov hnyuv yog ib tug raj ntev ntawm 7-9 meters. Ib txhia ntawm cov loj qog yog nyob sab nraum lub system ntawm phab ntsa thiab muaj nws cov lus.

Lub peculiarity ntawm no set ntawm cov kabmob uas yog stacked heev compact. huam ncua ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau lub qhov quav mus txog 900 cm, tab sis lawv zoo nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj peev xwm pab tau rau cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub digestive txoj kev mus rau tsim ntawm loops thiab khoov rau ob sab. Txawm li cas los, peb ua hauj lwm - tsis tsuas sau cov kabmob ntawm lub digestive system. Peb twb ua tib zoo saib tag nrho cov dab noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov hnyuv ib ntsuj av.

Zuag qhia tag nrho GI tswvyim ntawm kev ua hauj lwm

Ncauj kab noj hniav, lub caj pas thiab txoj hlab nqos mov no ua tau rov qab cov kev taw qhia.

Tam sim no cia peb xub kawm txog ib theem zuj zus ntawm zaj zaub mov los ntawm lub digestive system. Nutrient Cheebtsam nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev los ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhib. Ntxiv mus, qhov loj yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub caj pas, uas tshuam cov hnyuv thiab ua pa system. Tom qab daim ntawv no yog xa mus rau lub bolus cia cov hlab pas. Chewed thiab moistened nrog qaub ncaug, khoom noj khoom haus nkag mus rau hauv lub plab. tub ceev xwm ntawm lub kawg ya ntawm cov hlab pas yog nyob rau hauv lub plab cheeb tsam: lub plab, me me qhov muag tsis pom, cov nyuv seem ntawm txoj hnyuv, thiab mob cancer: daim siab thiab txiav.

Lub plab mog yog ncaj hnyuv. Cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav yog txawv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm cov khoom, tab sis tsis pub dhau lub muab lub sij hawm ntawm ob peb teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub thiaj-hu ua tseg nyob rau hauv lub cev cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov pais plab kua txiv. Khoom noj khoom haus yuav ua kua, nws tshwm sim thiab digesting nws. Tsiv ntxiv, qhov loj nkag mus rau hauv me me hnyuv. Ntawm no cov kev ua ntawm enzymes muab qhov ntxiv xaus kev noj haus tshuaj mus rau hauv yooj yim tebchaw uas yog absorbed tsis muaj teeb meem rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab cov qog.

Ntxiv residual loj mus nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj, qhov chaw uas haum ntawm dej thiab tsim cov quav. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog yam uas tsis nqis thiab yuav tsis yuav absorbed rau hauv cov ntshav thiab cov qog. Lawv raug muab tshem tawm thiab tus sab nraud puag ncig los ntawm lub qhov quav.

Yuav ua li cas tib neeg cov qaub ncaug?

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj mucosa, uas yuav pib ib theem zuj zus ntawm zaj zaub mov los ntawm lub digestive system, muaj cov loj loj thiab me me qaub ncaug. Loj yog cov uas nyob ze ntawm lub pob ntseg, nyob rau hauv lub puab tsaig thiab nyob rau hauv tus nplaig. Lub ob hom qaub ncaug ua ib tug tov pub leejtwg: lawv paim cov qaub ncaug los yog dej. Lub qog nyob ze ntawm lub pob ntseg yog peev xwm los tsim hnoos qeev xwb. Salivation yuav ua tau heev mob siab heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm txiv qaub kua txiv yuav tau sawv mus rau 7.5 ml ib feeb.

Feem ntau ntawm cov qaub ncaug yog dej, tiam sis nws muaj enzymes: amylase thiab maltase. Cov enzymes zom cov zaub mov cov txheej txheem yog khiav nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav: amylase hloov dua siab tshiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej rau hauv maltose, uas yog ntxiv cleaved rau piam thaj los ntawm maltase. Cov zaub mov yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj rau ib tug luv luv - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 20 vib nas this, thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm lub hmoov txhuv nplej twb tsis muaj lub sij hawm yaj kiag li. Qaub ncaug feem ntau muaj xws li ib tug nruab nrab los yog me ntsis alkaline ras txog. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv no kua nruab nrab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb protein lysozyme, uas muaj bactericidal zog.

Ua raws li cov hlab pas

digestive system lub cev ntawm cov hlab pas nram qab no hu rau lub qhov ncauj thiab lub caj pas hnyuv hloov khoom nruab nrog. Yog hais tias koj xav txog nws nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm cov phab ntsa, nws yuav kom meej meej muab faib ua peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Cov theem nrab yog ib leeg thiab yuav ntsws. Qhov no zoo ua rau nws tau tsiv cov zaub mov los ntawm lub caj pas mus rau lub plab. Esophageal musculature ua undulated txiav uas dai ntawm lub sab saum toj ntawm lub cev rau nws tag nrho ntev. Nrog rau cov zaj uas lub bolus raws lub raj inlet muaj yog ib qho qhib ntawm lub sphincter ntawm lub plab.

Qhov no nqaij yuav zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tsiv nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, kaw qhov sphincter yog tsis muaj zog txaus thiab nqis masses yuav pelted rau hauv cov hlab pas. Reflux tshwm sim, tus neeg uas pom tau tias kub siab.

Mob plab thiab digestive secrets

Peb mus txuas ntxiv mus kawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub digestive system. Nyob rau txoj hlab nqos mov yuav tsum lub plab. Localization nws - sab laug sab sauv quadrant nyob rau hauv lub epigastric cheeb tsam. Qhov no lub cev - tsis yog hais tias lwm yam, raws li ib tug extension ntawm cov hnyuv nrog rau cov muscled phab ntsa.

Tus duab thiab loj ntawm lub plab yog ncaj qha nyob rau nws txheem. Dawb paug lub cev muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 20 cm, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov phab ntsa -. 7-8 cm Yog hais tias hauj sim mus rau sau lub plab, nws ntev yuav muaj txog 25 cm, thiab dav - 12 cm hloov khoom nruab nrog receptacle kuj sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm fullness thiab. nws mas nws txawv ntawm 1.5 litres rau 4 liv. Thaum ib tug neeg nqos, cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub plab relaxes, thiab qhov no ua rau kav txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub noj mov. Tab sis txawm thaum cov mov noj lawm, lub plab leeg nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm kev ua si. Cov zaub mov yog av, muaj yog nws cov neeg kho tshuab thiab tshuaj ua los ntawm nqaij zog. Nqis zaub mov tsiv mus rau hauv cov hnyuv.

Hauv lub plab yog hlua nrog ib tug txheej membrane nrog ib tug plurality ntawm pleats, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub prostate. Lawv ua hauj lwm - mus faib ntau li ntau tau ntawm digestive juices. plab hlwb tsim enzymes, hydrochloric acid thiab mucoid secretion. Bolus impregnated nrog tag nrho cov tshuaj yog av thiab mixed. Nqaij, kev cog lus, txhawb digestion.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub pais plab kua txiv?

Pais plab kua txiv yog ib tug tsis muaj kob kua nrog ib tug acid cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas piav txog lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrochloric acid. Muaj peb lub ntsiab pawg ntawm enzymes:

• protease (mas pepsin) muab siab npuab cov proteins ntawm polypeptide molecules;
• lipase kuj nyob rau hauv cov roj molecules, hloov lawv mus rau hauv fatty acid thiab glycerol (nyob rau hauv lub plab xwb cleaved emulsified roj nyuj cov kua mis);
• qaub ncaug amylases tseem ua hauj lwm rau lub cleavage ntawm complex carbohydrate rau tej yam yooj yim suab thaj (rau raws li lub bolus yog siab impregnated nrog acidic pais plab kua txiv, amylolytic enzymes yog mob).

Hydrochloric acid yog ib tug heev tseem ceeb ntawm lub digestive kua, raws li nws ua rau yus nquag enzyme pepsin, los npaj cleavage protein molecules, curdled mis nyuj thiab rhuav tshem txhua yam kab mob. pais plab tso tawm tshwm sim mas thaum lub sij hawm noj mov thiab kav rau 4-6 teev. Tag nrho cov ib hnub twg muab cov kua tso rau 2.5 liters.

Ib tug interesting tseeb yog hais tias tus xov tooj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm pais plab kua txiv nyob rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Qhov loj tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm daim card stands rau lub plab zom mov ntawm cov nqaijrog, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws - nyob rau hauv qhov haum ntawm ib tug rog txiv neej noj. Nyob rau hauv ib tug noj qab nyob zoo kab mob pais plab kua txiv muaj ib tug ncaj loj npaum li cas ntawm hydrochloric acid, lub pH yog hom twg los ntawm 1.5-1.8.

hnyuv

Thaum xav li cas lub cev yog ib feem ntawm lub digestive system, ib tug ntxiv yam khoom ntawm txoj kev tshawb - cov hnyuv. Qhov no kev zom system cais originates los ntawm lub pais plab pylorus thiab muaj ib tug tag nrho ntev ntawm 6 meters. Nws yog muab faib ua ob peb seem:

• 12 duodenum yog lub shortest thiab cov uas nws kim heev kev faib thiab nws kav ntev npaum yog hais txog 30 cm;
• yuag hnyuv yus muaj los ntawm ib tug txo ntawm lub lumen thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 2.5 m;
• ileum yog lub feem ntau nqaim feem ntawm ib tug nyias daim ntawv, nws kav ntev npaum yog 3.5 m.

Cov hnyuv yog situated nyob rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov loops. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws yog them nrog omentum thiab laterally tas tuab digestive ib ntsuj av. Cov nuj nqi ntawm cov hnyuv - txuas ntxiv ntawm tshuaj tshua ntawm khoom noj khoom haus Cheebtsam, nws nws thiab xa mus rau ib tug tuab department.

Lub phab ntsa ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug raug tus qauv rau tag nrho cov Cheebtsam ntawm cov hnyuv thiab muaj cov nram qab no hais:

• txheej txheej;
• submucosal cov ntaub so ntswg nrog accumulations qab haus huv, qog, qog thiab cov hlab ntsha;
• nqaij, uas muaj ib tug sab nraud longitudinal thiab nrog ncig khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab muab pov tseg therebetween ib tug txheej ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg nrog cov hlab ntsha thiab qab haus huv (npag txheej yog lub luag hauj lwm rau nws thiab tsiv raws lub nqis zaub mov system);
• serosa du thiab moisturized, nws txwv tsis pub sib haum xeeb ntawm lub cev lawv tus kheej.

Nta ntawm kev zom nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv

Qog muaj nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv cov ntaub so ntswg qauv raug rho tawm tsis pub leejtwg paub. Nws tiv thaiv cov mucosa ntawm kev raug mob thiab nyob rau cov kev ua ntawm digestive enzymes. Txheej cov ntaub so ntswg tas ib plurality ntawm pleats omnidirectional, thiab qhov no yuav tsub kom lub suction cheeb tsam. Tus nab npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw txo ntawm txoj hnyuv loj. Los ntawm hauv lub mucosa ntawm cov hnyuv villi thiab nram hav abounds uas pab digestion.

Lub 12- seem me ntsis alkaline nruab nrab nrog ib tug hit tab sis nws decreases pH ntawm lub plab txheem. Txiav ciav muaj nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, thiab nws pub leejtwg alkalizes bolus, cov uas li ua nruab nrab. Yog li, pais plab enzymes yog mob.

Ob peb lo lus hais txog cov digestive qog

Digestive system muaj ib tug ciav endocrine qog. Cov txiav secretes ib tug kua txiv li noj ib tug txiv neej thiab nws tus xov tooj yog nyob rau ntawm cov zaub mov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Protein noj cov zaub mov nkoos lub tso pa tawm ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab lub sibhawm ua rau lub opposite nyhuv. Tag nrho cov ib hnub twg txiav ua 2.5 liv cov kua txiv.

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv nws allocates nws pub leejtwg gallbladder. Tom qab tsuas 5 feeb los ntawm qhov pib ntawm lub noj mov nws pib los mus tsim cov kua tsib, uas activates tag nrho cov enzymes ntawm lub plab hnyuv kua txiv. Qhov no daim card no yog tseem yuav ntxiv zog rau cov hnyuv lub cev muaj zog muaj nuj nqi, intensifies qhov nws thiab zog ntawm cov zaub mov. Lub 12- department zom txog ib nrab ntawm kev noj haus cov nqaijrog thiab suab thaj, raws li zoo raws li ib tug me me ib feem ntawm cov rog. Nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv enzymatic decomposition ntawm cov organic tebchaw tau nyaij, tab sis tsawg sib thiab parietal predominant haum cim. Qhov tseem sib txheej txheem no tshwm sim tom qab 1-2 xuab moos tom qab cov pluas noj. Nws tshaj qhov kev kawm zoo ib yam li cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub plab.

Hnyuv loj - kawg plab zom mov chaw nres tsheb

Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm tus mob huam, nws kav ntev npaum yog hais txog 2 m. Cov npe ntawm cov digestive system account rau lawv anatomical nta, thiab txawj to taub hais tias qhov no faib muaj lub siab tshaj plaws lumen. Lub dav ntawm cov nyuv yog txo los ntawm 7 mus rau 4 cm nyob rau nqis nyuv department. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no cov nram qab no aav paim digestive ib ntsuj av tau:

• cecum, appendix muaj, los yog appendix;
• ascending nyuv sib cais;
• transverse nyuv;
• nqis nyuv feem;
• sigmoid nyuv;
• ncaj department, xaus qhov quav.

Nqis zaub mov nkag mus rau los ntawm cov hnyuv mus rau lub loj los ntawm ib tug me me qhib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug txoj kab txiav positioned horizontally. Muaj tshwm sim ib hom ntawm sphincter valve nrog ib tug di ncauj uas tiv thaiv lub ingress cov ntsiab lus qhov muag tsis pom card nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab.

Yuav ua li cas dab noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj?

Yog hais tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev zom yuav siv sij hawm ntawm ib tug thiab peb teev, feem ntau ntawm cov faib nyob rau hauv ib lub pob nyob rau hauv cov nyuv. Nws ua rau txuam nrog cov ntsiab lus suction kev siv ntawm tsim nyog tshuaj thiab dej, mus raws li txoj kev, tus tsim thiab tshem tawm ntawm quav. Physiological cai yog qhov tsawg ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus nqis nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj tom qab 3-3.5 xuab moos tom qab ib tug noj mov. Qhov no department yog lawm ua tus sau thaum lub sij hawm hnub, ua raws li los ntawm nws tiav muab nchuav ntawm 48-72 teev.

Nyob rau hauv cov nyuv muaj haum qabzib, amino acids, vitamins thiab lwm yam uas ua los ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv no department, thiab feem coob (95%) ntawm cov dej thiab ntau yam electrolytes.

Lub inhabitants ntawm tus mob huam

Yuav luag tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub digestive system yog inhabited los ntawm microorganisms. Tsuas yog lub plab muaj ib tug txheeb ze sterility (yoo mov) vim yog ib tug acidic ib puag ncig. Qhov loj tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv cov nyuv yog - mus txog rau 10 billion / 1 g ntawm quav. Tej microflora ntawm tuab GI hu ua eubioz thiab plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej:

• tiv thaiv cov kev loj hlob ntawm pathogenic microorganisms;
• synthesis ntawm cov vitamins B thiab K, enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones thiab lwm yam pab tau rau cov txiv neej;
• splitting cellulose, hemicellulose thiab pectins.

Qhov zoo tshaj thiab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm microflora ntawm txhua tus neeg yog cim thiab yog tswj los ntawm ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv yam.

Saib xyuas ntawm koj tus kws kho!

Raws li ib feem ntawm tib neeg lub cev, digestive system tej zaum yuav raug mus rau ntau yam kab mob. Lawv feem ntau txuam nrog ib tug hit los ntawm sab nraum pathogens. Txawm li cas los, Yog hais tias ib tug neeg yog noj qab nyob zoo thiab lub plab nws ua hauj lwm tsis muaj ib tug glitch, tag nrho cov teeb meem kab mob yuav puas tsuaj vim yuav tuag mus nyob rau hauv ib acidic ib puag ncig. Yog hais tias rau ib co yog vim li cas hauv lub cev yog tau hauj lwm yuav txo, ces zoo yam kab mob tej zaum yuav tsim thiab ua tau rau mob txim, xws li mob cancer ntawm lub digestive system. Txhua yam nws pib nrog me me: txom nyem noj haus, tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom noj ntxhib fibrous zaub mov, haus dej haus cawv thiab zaub mov, haus luam yeeb, kev nyuaj siab, kauj noj cov zaub mov, cov neeg pluag ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam tsis zoo yam maj txov koj lub cev thiab ntxias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.

Digestive system yog tshwj xeeb yog lam tau lam ua rau cov tug cawv los ntawm sab nraum. Yog li ntawd tsis txhob hnov qab mus dhau kev xeem nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm thiab mus tham ib tug kws kho mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm failures nyob rau hauv lub qub hauj lwm ntawm lub cev.