DAC suab: kuaj vib this

Tsis yog txhua txhua computer neeg siv realizes hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb yog ib tug DAC. Lub suab yog hnov txhua yam, tab sis yog txoj kev uas nws yog leej twg, thaum nws puv, yog lub tsev nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm lub npe yuav muaj ib tug me ntsis ntxaum mus rau hauv lub qhov ntawm txoj kev to taub thiab me nyuam li nws.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub DAC? Suab: ib tug to taub yooj yim

Ib txhia neeg yuam ntseeg tau hais tias lub DAC - yog lub hauv paus suab processor. Tej vim hais tias nws yog. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub DAC yog ib tug zaus-rau-analog converter, uas alters lub teeb liab, thiab rau xws li ib tug siab zoo, uas yog ntaus nqi los ntawm cov tib neeg pob ntseg.

Ntawm no koj yuav tau ua kom qhov txawv ntawm cov thiab analog teeb liab. Lub tshuab siv nyob rau hauv lub "daim duab" los yog thaum digitizing suab, xws li cov software ua caag, uas yog vim li cas ntau lub kiv cua ntawm yas cov ntaub ntawv rau mloog mus rau ib tug zoo xws li cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv CD / DVD-drives tsis xwb vim tsis muaj kev sib tsoo tawm txim liab los ntawm cov pob zeb diamond lub taub hau ntawm cov neeg uas ua thaum koj kov lub phaj .

Analog ua twb xub siv nyob rau hauv lub raj amplifiers thiab lus daim kab xev recorder. Xws li yog tseem nrov heev ntawm kev musicians uas tseem tabtom mus ntxiv mus rau lub suab ntawm nws compositions ib co thaum tshav kub kub.

zaus cov yam ntxwv

Lub suab DAC hloov siab los ntseeg thiab reproducible, nyob ntawm lub teeb liab tso zis ntaus ntawv, i.e., suab card. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov hais lus li cov tib neeg hais lus (hais lus) thiab amplifiers.

Ntawm no yog peb yuav tsum to taub hais tias tsis muaj system yuav muaj me tub lub suab ntawm cov tsis hauv qab no saundkarty lub sij hawm. Raws li ntawm niaj hnub no, yog tias koj tsis mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub lag luam ntawm tej pab kiag li lawm, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog cov nram qab no cov yam ntxwv:

• cov zauv zaus ntawm 48 kHz (ntawm standard 44.1 kHz);
• tob ntawm 24 los yog 32 me me (txawm hais tias tus txheej txheem 16 khoom);
• me ntsis nqi 320 kbit / s thiab ntau dua (txawm hais tias tus txheej txheem 128 kb / s).

Ntau Nrhiav kev xaiv

Raws li zaus tsis yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas qhov tseeb hais tias lub suab ntawm cov DAC yuav hloov siv lub suab tsis ntaus nqi los ntawm cov tib neeg pob ntseg. Nws yog ib nqi nyob rau hauv dab tsi peb yuav hnov.

Cov kev txwv ntawm peb lub rooj sib hais ntau yam los ntawm 16 Hz mus rau 20 kHz (thiab tej zaum kuj 22 los yog txawm 24, tab sis qhov no yog tsawg heev li). Thiab tag nrho cov loj DAC suab yog kho nyob rau hauv no ntau yam. Nres tom ntej no rau lub xeem vib this, npaj los ntawm ib qho ntawm feem nrov hauv internet pab.

Npaj DAC xeem txoj kev

Kev kuaj feem ntau coj lwm pab kiag li lawm, tsis muaj kev saundkart vim hais tias lawv yog ntseeg kom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug txiav txim ntawm magnitude qis piv rau lwm cov khoom.

Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus yog siv nyob rau hauv high-zoo suab mus rau lub DAC yog kuaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm AudioDoctor FSQ 2006 technology, uas, li cas los xij, yog Ameslikas tsim los ntsuam xyuas cov kev tsheb suab systems, thiab tsuas yog tom qab nruj heev heev rau lub tsev ib puag ncig. Devices, xa mus rau raws li DAC, yog kev cob cog rua ncaj qha ntawm lub USB-interface thiab los ntawm S / PDIF siv RCA kauj outputs (kuas outputs XLR tej zaum yuav qhia sib txawv heev yam ntxwv).

Tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm twb muab Converter M2Tech HiFace Evo, los ntawm cov uas converts cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tshwmsim hom. Cov yuav tsum tau kev soj ntsuam tau tau siv ASIO tsav tsheb.

Rating DAC nti rau lub suab

Uas pom qhov tshwm sim? Rating DACs rau ib lub suab zoo ib yam li cov hauv qab no:

• ASUS Essence III;
• Burson Suab neeg xyuas pib Virtuoso 9018;
• Cary Suab DAC100;
• Chord 2Qute;
• Densen DenDAC 50;
• Fostex HP-A8;
• North Star tsim Supremo;
• OPPO HA-1.

Cov kab yog heev zwj ceeb, vim hais tias nws yog feem ntau txawm ntau ywj siab ntawm lub suab yam ntxwv, thiab tus nqi.

Txawm li cas los, Cary Suab nyob rau daim ntawv qhia tau hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo thiab suab, thiab lub tso suab widening. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab tias lub suab DACs ntsuam xyuas xws li ib co ntaub ntawv nta ntawm no hom ntawm ntaus ntawv.

Siv suab phaib

Transmitters yog tsim los siv nyob rau hauv suab phaib. Yuav ua li cas yog cov DAC? Suab (hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog paub tseeb hais tias) yog ua dua raws li cov conversion ntawm lub digital teeb liab ntawm lub tswv yim mus rau ib tug binary code, txhua tus nqi uas sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau ib tug tej yam voltage, tam sim no thiab xwb.

ADC pab kiag li lawm hauj lwm rau qhov rov qab hauv paus ntsiab lus. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj saib xwb mus rau lub DAC, lub suab, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub transformation uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham li hauv qab no yog ua dua thiaj tau tuaj rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswv yim code. Rau nws cov kev xaav system siv ib tug txheej txheem PCM technology. Ntau yam, tej zaum, them mloog hais tias tus txheej txheem WAV ntaub ntawv cim hais raws li PCM.

Tab sis ob peb tsuas muaj muaj cov DAC. Lub suab teeb liab ua thiab tu tub tu kiv yog tsis tau tsis tau cov kev siv uas tsim nyog software cuab yeej hu ua codecs. Lawv cia li muab up rau saundkarta yuav paub txog khoom cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov me nyuam lub suab los ntawm cov hais lus. Codecs thiab converters nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua raws li ib tug choj ntawm ib tug tej yam hais txog zauv code thiab "hlau" ntaus ntawv (zoo li yuav ua li cas ib tug DirectX).

Suab phaib, qhov twg lub hauv paus yog kev siv ntawm ib tug DAC, koj mas hais txog lwm pab kiag li lawm, tsis tshem, ntsia nyob rau hauv lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub motherboard, tsis hais qhov kev suab chips li Intel Suab thiab Realtek.

DAC (lwm lub suab module yog meant) muaj peev xwm ntawm cov zauv nws tus kheej txhais tau hais tias (no nws yog tsim). Tab sis mus rau kis cov tiav teeb liab mus rau lub playback ntaus ntawv koj yuav tsum mus thiab nws ua hauj lwm kom raug. Thiab ntawm no tsis muaj kev tswj initialization cov kev pab cuam, hu ua cov neeg tsav tsheb, yog indispensable.

ntaus ntawv tsav tsheb

Feem ntau cov suab phaib kev khiav hauj lwm systems txhua yam yog txiav txim tau. Cov neeg tsav tsheb yog ntsia los ntawm nws tus kheej database. Txawm li cas los, ib co pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum tau los ntawm txhais tes installation, tsis tsuas cov neeg tsav tsheb, tab sis kuj cov kab codecs (piv txwv li, ib tug pob K-Lite codec pob).

Tsis mus koom nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm cov txheej txheem rau tag nrho cov DAC tsim zoo suab installation los yog hloov tshiab cov neeg tsav tsheb (kom lawv mus txog hnub tim), dua li uas cov kev pab tshwj xeeb automatic software tshiab. Ib tug ntawm cov neeg yog tsav tsheb Booster nqi hluav taws xob uas Ameslikas nkag rau hauv Internet kev pab kho vajtse chaw tsim tshuaj paus, thiab ces Downloads lub feem ntau tsis ntev los no ntaus ntawv tsav tsheb yeej no thiab integrates nws mus rau hauv lub system.

software

suab ua los ntawm cov DAC yog tsis tau tsis tau cov uas tsim nyog software. Hais txog codecs thiab cov tsav tsheb twb tau hais. Tiam sis ntawm no yog qhov chaw kawm ib qho kev pom zoo suab, los yog txawm suab ua, raws li muaj ntau yam suab engineers, yuav tsis tau ua yam uas tsis muaj kev siv ntawm software.

Tsis hais lub installation ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb, nws yog ntshaw kom muaj ib tug computer program zoo li SoundMax. Tej cuab yeej, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tib lub operating system cuab yeej tso cai rau koj mus nplua-tune.

Rau suab ua yog zoo dua siv tshwj xeeb editors, nyob rau hauv uas, los ntawm txoj kev, koj muaj peev xwm txawm hloov lub neej ntawd chaw, xws li coj tus nqi thiab qhov tob. Yog hais tias ASIO4ALL tsav tsheb yog ntsia tau rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau lub suab nyob vaj huam sib luag los hloov yam ntxwv xws li cov xov tooj uas kuaj (e.g., 512, uas sib raug rau ib tug qeeb tus nqi ntawm 10 ms), tsis hais lub suab zoo (e.g., teem tus nqi yog tsis 44100 Hz, thiab , hais tias, 48 los yog 96 kHz).

mobile Technology

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub suab los ntawm koj smartphone nrog rau cov DAC yuav ua tau heev arbitrary kwv yees. Cia li xav hais tias, rau tib yam rau me nyuam uas tsis muaj frequencies yog tsum tau coj cov lus qhia nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 32 nti. Thiab nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv koj lub xov tooj los yog ntsiav tshuaj, nws yuav siv sij hawm?

Txawm li cas los, nyiam yuav muab rau producers uas Ameslikas positioned raws li cov thawj-yug nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm teeb liab ua thiab cov founders ntawm no hom ntawm technology. Sony Corporation - ib tug tawm kev paub.

Thaum koj xaiv ib tug ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau nyiam ua qauv nrog yas vaj tse, vim hais tias cov rog xav txog ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv lawv los ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov yog ntau dua. Hlau lub cev txawm yog hais tias tus installation ntawm cov feem ntau haib converter saib npaum li cas weaker. Qhov no yog vim tsuas rau lub fact tias cov hlau absorbs suab. Ntxiv mus, tus loj dua cov qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsiab me nyuam loudspeaker thiab tom qab cover, qhov zoo rau thiaj yuav. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sib zog heev nws, raws li ib yam nkaus thiab loj ib clearance yuav ua rau kev phiv, reverb los yog hu nkauj ua ke, los yog ntau tshaj tsuas, lub suab yog distorted nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj version.

ntxiv nta

Raws li yog qhov tseeb, qhov DAC suab ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub digital binary code, siv qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv voltage thiab zaus. Tiam sis ntawm no peb yuav tsum tau to taub tias tsuas xws yam ntxwv ntawm no hom ntawm ntaus ntawv yog tsis tas. Ntawm tag nrho cov tsis uas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm txhua DAC yuav pom muaj ntau coj txawv txawv tseem ceeb xws li zaus-yoj PCM tes taws los piav tsis. Qhov no yog raws nraim qhov yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kiag li rau tag nrho cov converters.

Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj cov ntaub ntawv, lub tswv yim teeb liab tsom xam thiab nws hloov dua siab tshiab yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm summing qhov tseem ceeb ntawm voltage, tam sim no thiab xwb uas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus yuav siv sij hawm yog tus nqi pes tsawg los yog ib tug (raws li nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm binary code).

Nyias, yog tsim nyog hmoog rau cov tsis xws li me ntsis, tej zaum kuj hu ua kev daws teeb meem, los yog cov quantization kauj ruam, cov kev hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov Nyquist zaus (piv txwv), lub ntau yam ntawm lub tswv yim teeb liab tsis, monotonicity, tso zis emission los hloov cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, lub offset yuam kev ntawm qhov tseeb teeb liab thiab tsis tau txais raws li ib tug "tagnrho", ib thiab differential uas tsis yog-linearity yam ntxwv ntawm cov variation nyob rau hauv lub cai sib txawv nyob rau hauv increments O dnyh Pib ntsais koj teeb.

tej zaum yuav sib haum mus rau ib tug transistor uas ib lub teeb liab yog xa mus rau DACs txhua nqi ntawm binary code. Thaiv converters raug muab faib mus rau hauv thaum uas tig mus thiab serial. Tseem, lawv muaj txoj siav mus rau qhov chaw mains, interacting nrog cov zis.

Feem ntau ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm ua tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub matrix R - 2R, uas yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev siv lug siv tsuas yog ob tug tseem ceeb ntawm kuj, ntawm ua nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 2: 1. Yog li, lub DAC yog txo mus rau ob xeem txoj kev: kev txiav txim ntawm lub voltage thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub qub thiab rov qab video. Qhov no achieves lub constancy ntawm lub impedance parameter thiab cov tsis muaj capacitive currents. Tab sis lub disadvantage yog hais tias lub ntsiab qhov chaw rau cov kev siv mob yog tias muaj cov tsis tshua muaj heev impedance. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom xa cov teeb liab mus rau siv ib tug resistor kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series rau ib tug siv qhov chaw. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no cov tswvyim, cov kev twb kev txuas yog feem ntau tsis yuav tsum tau ua hauv av.

Peb kuj yuav tsum hais qhov thiaj li hu raws-sigma tes taws los piav, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov theem ntawm cov zauv zaus. Conversion (quantization) yog tau nrog ib tug xwb, uas yog kaum los sis txawm pua pua ntawm lub sij hawm yuav muaj nqi tshaj qhov yooj yim Nyquist zaus. Lub interpolation lim siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lub teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab theem, binary code ib theem zuj zus hloov los ntawm kev ntxiv zeros mus rau lub tsawg zaus cov ntaub ntawv ntws thiab units - rau siab zaus.

Txij li thaum feem ntau ntawm cov conductors yog ob qho tib si kom nquag plias thiab reactive tshaj plaws thaum kuaj cov neeg no xwb tiav thaum uas siv cov tsawg tshaj plaws contour ntawm rov qab txaus, uas txo lub inductance ntawm cables thiab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, - txos suab nrov. Nyob rau hauv txawm tias ib tug guitar los pedal yuav raug muab rau ib qho piv txwv. Guitarists paub tias ntev cable los ntawm lub guitar mus rau lub "gadgets", qhov ntau lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Qhov no qhov teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws tso rau hauv lub to taub ntawm cov kev kawm teeb meem.

DAC rau lub load yuav tau ncaj qha kev cob cog rua. Tab sis rau no yuav tsum tau siv ib tug ntxiv ntaus ntawv xws li ib tug voltage los yog ib tug inverting op amp acting li tsis los matcher. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau nyob rau cov nqe lus nug ntawm grounding tej tswvyim. Peb pom zoo kom siv kev tsim nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw rau cov thiab analog ib feem, vim hais tias cov suab nrov los ntawm lub digital Cheebtsam muaj feem xyuam rau lub analog ib feem ntawm lub network. Qhov no yog tiav uas siv ib lub nyias hlau los yog siv nrog ob tug muab ob npaug rau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub qhov.

es tsis txhob tshwm sim

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj ib co kev cov ntsiab cai raug xam tias yog thiab txawm kev teeb meem uas cov tib yam cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nws yog kiag li puas. Tab sis, nyob rau ob kev xav, tej zaum kuj xav ntawm kev txawj ntse yuav ua tau heev pab tau. Cov tib ntau yam ntawm lub suab card yuav tsis ua yam uas tsis muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntsiab yam hais txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov lag luam thiab qhov tseeb hauj lwm ntawm ib tug computer system.

Tej zaum ib txhia neeg tseem tsis tau pom tau hais tias cov neeg pluag lub suab zoo tshaj ntawm cov lus, yog ncaj qha txog cov khoom siv. Yog li saundkarta siv rau me nyuam lub siab los ntseeg cov teeb liab mus rau hauv nws cov analog daim ntawv no, nws yuav tsum tau tsuas yog tus sab nraud hom. Nws yog ib cov pab kiag li lawm cia koj mus hnov txhua yam uas yog kev los yog tshem tau ntaus ntawv tsis ua si. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv 80 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, cov teeb meem lus dag precisely nyob rau hauv no. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau yam kev pab xws li iTunes, Spotify los yog ib yam dab tsi lwm tus, "sharpened" cia li nyob rau hauv txoj kev siv cov DACs. Muaj txawm tshwj xeeb docking chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sab nraud pab kiag li lawm kev cob cog rua rau koj iPod, tsis hais rau lwm mobile gadgets.

Nws mus tsis tau hais tias nws tsis yog tus kawg luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov lus qhia system los yog headphones, vim hais tias cov qub extract suab los ntawm cov lus qhia, lub possibilities yog tsawg suab yam ntxwv nyob rau theem ntawm 20-10 000 Hz, tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov headphones yuav tsum siv tsis tau rau mobile systems. Yog hais tias nws los mus hais tias, yog vim li cas tsis mloog suab paj nruag nrog headphones K99, manufactured los ntawm cov AKG, los yog siv zoo ib yam li pab kiag li lawm los ntawm Sennheiser? Txawm li cas los, cov kev xaiv no yog loj txaus.

Raws li deb raws li kev soj ntsuam technology, uas tau raug sib tham saum toj no, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub tsis muaj tsawg kawg yog theem pib paub txog physics los mus piav qhia qhov xwm ntawm lub suab tsis, thiab txawm hluav taws xob engineering, vim hais tias qhov kev qhuab qhia muaj ib tug lub moj khaum to taub nyob rau hauv tej hluav taws xob Circuit Court. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, muaj tau muab xwb yooj yim txoj kev ntaub ntawv hais txog lub teeb liab converters. Yuav kom to taub zoo dua nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem, nws yog ntshaw kom nyeem ntxiv ntaub ntawv.