Cov pejxeem ntawm Ireland keeb kwm, nta, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab loj

Ireland - ib lub teb chaws nrog ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm yav tag los. Irish cov neeg ntseeg hais tias lub direct xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Celts, uas tau kawm cov ropes thiab khawb nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thaj av txij li thaum pib ntawm lub thib ob xyoo txhiab BC. Lawv yeej protogosudarstva nyob, txawm li cas los, yog tsis tag nrho cov kob, tab sis, nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog txoj kev lub loj hlob nyob ntawm Ireland, thiab nthuav tus ciam teb ntawm nws cov khoom ntiag.

Nws tau raug tsim muaj uas cov Irish yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm kev lis kev cai, kev cai thiab kev cai yam ntxwv ntawm lub Celtic neeg. Thiab nrog rau qhov no luag hauj lwm, lawv ntse tiv kom deb li deb li, txawm centuries siab thiab sim nyob rau kev pab los ntawm lub British, lawv tau muaj kev tswj kom khaws cia lawv tus kheej, uniqueness, hais lus thiab muab siab npuab Vajtswv mus Catholicism.

Cov hom phiaj thiab phiaj

Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm - rau kev tsom xam yuav ua li cas qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Ireland nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm hloov nyob rau hauv ntau thiab zoo lus, rau lw lub dependence ntawm nws cov kev hloov mus rau lub keeb kwm dab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog xav tias, thiab cov pej xeem teeb meem no, uas yog tam sim no pom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, mus rau kos tej yam kev xaus lus.

Cia peb tig mus rau keeb kwm

Cov Celts xam tau tias yog xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov niaj hnub Irish, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tsis yog ib txwm nyob ntawm Ireland: lawv tuaj los ntawm lub Mediterranean thiab rau tag nrho cov nyob tshiab pawg neeg thaj av. Thiab chiv nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm cov neeg raug ntiab tawm ntawm muaj.

Nplai lwm ntshai heev txawm thiab kev puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv Ireland twb tsis sau tseg kom txog thaum lub kaum ob xyoo pua, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm tsawg Viking raids. Tab sis tsis ntev nws lub teb chaws deev txaus siab ntawm cov lus Askiv nyob rau hauv kev xav tau ntawm tshiab pawg neeg thaj av. Ntsuas tag nrho cov kev sib tsoo ntawm cov ob warring rau centuries haiv neeg tsis ua kev zoo siab. Nyob rau hauv 1801 hais yeej, thiab thaum kawg coj tswj ntawm lub Irish av los ntawm xws li lawv nyob rau hauv lub British lub nceeg vaj. Lub txim ntawm no tu siab tshwm sim: nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 vim qoob loo tsis ua hauj lwm thiab, raws li ib tug tsim nyog tau, kev tshaib kev nqhis, loj mus txawv teb chaws, lub Reformation, nrog nws cov kev tsim txom ntawm Catholics, yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm cov pejxeem tuag los yog raug tua.

Ntxiv mus, lub British cawv coj mus rau lub hwv division ntawm cov kob: nyob rau hauv 1919 lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm Ulster qhov twg Protestants predominate, pom tau hais tias lub UK. Ib tug Catholic pejxeem tshuav Ireland nyob rau hauv ib tug sovereign xeev cais los ntawm lub qub npe ntawm lub capital thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Dublin. Lawm, qhov no faib yog reflected nyob rau hauv lub demographics, raws li tau poob Northern Ireland. Pejxeem (tus xov tooj uas yog loj vim hais tias ntawm lub ntau dua degree ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev), nws tau txais British pej xeem.

Lub zog ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Ireland txij thaum 1801

Taug ncaj qha mus rau cov txheeb cais thiab cov nuj nqis. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm cov pejxeem tau sau tseg rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nkag mus rau hauv Ireland thiab cov British nceeg vaj yog kwv yees li 8.2 million. Cia li ib xyoo caum tom qab, nws tau undergone ib tug sai poob thiab tom ntej lub caij txom nyem kom txog thaum lub sixties ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv cov nuj nqis yog raws li nram no: 1850 - 6.7 lab.; 1910 - 4.4 lab.; 1960 - 2,81 lab (yam tsawg kawg nkaus). 1980 -. 3.5 lab nyob rau hauv lub 2000s cim lub feem ntau active pejxeem txoj kev loj hlob, ua ke nrog ua tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev loj hlob, thiab ruaj khov tuaj txawv teb chaws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg muaj zog los ntawm 3.8 mus 4.5 lab. Txiv neej. Tam sim no lub xyoo no tus pej xeem ntawm 4 706 000. Tus kws txawj xav tias lub hnub daim duab nce mus 40 cov neeg xav migrating thiab tuag. Ntawm tag nrho cov European lub teb chaws, Ireland boasts lub siab tshaj plaws yug tus nqi.

Lub hnub nyoog thiab yog txivneej los pojniam yam ntxwv

Thaum lub sij hawm kawg census, lub inhabitants ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2016 thiab muaj ntaub ntawv txog lub hauv qauv ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov nram qab no feem pua tau xam:

• Ua ntej, nws muab tawm hais tias muaj kwv yees li sib npaug zos xov tooj ntawm cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam, ntau tshaj qhov ua ntej cia 5000.
• Ob, tam sim no raws li ntawm niaj hnub no twb muab tau lub hnub nyoog piv: 0 mus rau 15 xyoo twb txog 993 000 tus neeg, xws li los ntawm 16 xyoo thiab xaus nrog laus muaj hnub nyoog (65 xyoo) sau npe 3.2 lab cov neeg nyob, thiab cov neeg laus dua 66 xyoo tsuas yog 544 txhiab. Nws yog nthuav tias inhabitants ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam nyob rau hauv txhua lub hnub nyoog pab pawg neeg roughly sib npaug zos xov tooj. Thiab lub weaker nrog txiv neej pw nyob rau hauv Ireland nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 3 xyoo ntev zog (82 xyoo thiab 78 xyoo ntsig txog). Xws li ib tug siab lub neej expectancy yog vim loj tsoom fwv siv rau kev kho mob.

Pawg lwm haiv tib muaj pes tsawg leeg, hais lus zoo tshaj

Thaum lub sij hawm twb hais pejxeem census tau txiav txim, cov neeg tsis muaj haiv nyob rau hauv cov kob. Nws yog ib zajlus kom tias feem coob ntawm cov pej xeem - lub Irish (88% ntawm lawv). Ob txhais nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas yog British (3%). Los ntawm txoj kev, lub British cawv tsis tau waned tshaj yav dhau los xyoo pua, thiab Ireland yog tseem nyob rau hauv siab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm lub neej. Qhov no yog to taub, vim hais tias cov zoo keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ces thiab nws cov ambitions paub rau tag nrho cov. Thiab cov pej xeem ntawm lub UK thiab Northern Ireland, kaum lub sij hawm ntau Irish (64.7 lab.), Kom assimilation yuav twb tsis siv rau cov liab qab qhov muag.

Muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab ib tug tseem ceeb diaspora ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb los ntawm EU lub teb chaws: Germans, Tug, Latvians, Lithuanians thiab Romanians. Ib tug ntau ntawm Suav lub teb chaws ntawm pej xeem, cov neeg tsiv teb los ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Nigeria, lub Philippines. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tag nrho cov haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus Irish thiab lus Askiv, pom tau hais tias menyuam yaus thiab ua ke lawv tau dab tsi rau 9% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem.

Dua li ntawm qhov dominance ntawm lub teb chaws, Irish lub teb chaws, tsis txhua leej txhua tus tus neeg sawv cev nws muaj nws tus kheej cov lus. Tam sim no nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws cov tis, thiab lub Irish State tso cai tus txheej xwm nrog rau lus Askiv. Tseem, tom kawg yog tseem heev tshaj rau cov kob.

Cov kev cai dab qhuas qhov teeb meem

Xub thawj, lub Celts coj Catholicism. Txawm li cas los, lub Reformation, nrhiav ib lub hom phiaj rau kis Protestantism tau cuam tshuam lawv. Uas yog vim li cas muaj ib tug phua hauv lub Northern Ireland Protestant cov pej xeem thiab rau yav qab teb xeev ntawm sib ntsib hawm Vajtswv Catholicism (muaj tam sim no txog 91% ntawm cov pejxeem). Txawm li cas los txoj cai tam sim no nws twb tsis siv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm Protestant tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Ireland, ua tsoom fwv kev txhawj xeeb.

ntxiv indicators

Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau txhais lwm demographic feature uas muaj Ireland - pejxeem ceev. Vim lub fact tias cov western cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws tsawg mastered thiab tsim dua lub sab qaum teb thaj av, cov neeg no unevenly populated cheeb tsam ntawm cov kob. Tab sis nyob rau nruab nrab, cov pejxeem ceev yog hais txog 66-67 neeg uas tauj ib square kilometer. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv lub nroog loj (Dublin, Cork, Limerick) nws yog ntau npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Dublin, nyob rau hauv ib square kilometer yog feeb meej mus txog 4000 tus neeg.

Irish yuav luag universal nyeem ntawv (hais txog 97%), thiab cov neeg yeej xav tau txais kev kawm ntawv (75% ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm tub ntxhais hluas - ntxhais kawm ntawv).

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov pej xeem ntawm Ireland ntse loj hlob txhua txhua xyoo, thiab ua li ib tug ncaj paaj demographics ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov chaw uas yug tus me nyuam tus nqi tshaj txoj kev tuag tus nqi. Cov forecast nuj nqis yuav tsuas tau zoo: nws yog lam xav hais tias tom qab ib puas xyoo, cov pejxeem yuav dhau lub cim ntawm 6 lab, thiab ib lub neej expectancy ntawm tsawg kawg yog 90 xyoo.