Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin: txoj kev npaj, daim duab, hauj lwm, keeb kwm, thiab cov duab. Qhov twg yog Cathedral Square?

Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin - ib tug tshwj xeeb architectural keeb kwm monument. Lub ntsiab lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug zoo kawg li khaub ncaws ntau - XV-XVI caug xyoo.

Yuav ua li cas nws tag nrho cov pib

Ntxiv dag zog rau lub economic txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Moscow nqi zog coj mus rau thaum pib ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm cov zoo kawg li lub koom txoos thiab cathedrals. Duke Dmitrii Donskoy thiab Ivan Kalyta kom ua cov tuam tsev, uas yog muab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej qauv thiab spatial layout cheeb tsam muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tu siab, tus thawj vaj tse muaj tsis tau fwm. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan III nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw ua lub tuam tsev tshiab, tsim nyog cov poj capital ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab xeev.

rau tsev

Los ntawm cov heev thaum pib ntawm nws cov tsos lub Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin twb tau muab siv rau ceremonies, processions. Thaum kab tshoob kev kos nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm coronations thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm tus poj kev cai dab qhuas hnub caiv nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws twb muaj crowded kev txiav txim. Muab lub qab khav yog phab faceted Chamber twb npaj siab txais tos tus txawv teb chaws ambassadors. Lub cheeb tsam hla lub ntees tuag Procession kev mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub xeem qhov chaw nkaum ntawm lub patriarchs, metropolitans, Vaj thiab grand dukes.

Cathedral Square nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thiab puas tawm centuries, tsis muaj ib zaug leem pob zeb slabs ua los ntawm sandstone. Ib tug ob peb decades ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nws yog leem. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reconstruction nyob rau hauv 1955 qhov chaw regained nws pob zeb plag tsev.

Khoom uas tsis tau dim

Cov khaub ncaws ntau ntawm cov Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin tau pheej hloov. Keeb xeeb tsa ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm tsob ntoo. Ib tug ntawm lawv muaj kev tswj los mus ciaj sia nyob rau hauv lub ruaj khov capital ntawm hluav taws kub, lwm leej lwm tus tsuas decayed, ces nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw tsa sawv daws yuav tshiab. Yuav luag tag nrho cov tuam tsev, tam sim no sawv nyob rau Cathedral Square, muaj predecessors. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov tam sim no uas twb muaj lawm khoom - tsev teev ntuj Deposition ntawm lub Robe, tuam tsev Solovetsky txuj ci tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm, thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Cathedral, lub Annunciation thiab cov Assumption, tus laus tus Patriarch lub Palace.

Muaj vaj tse uas yuav raug rhuav tshem los yog tiag puas los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Yog li ntawd nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Lub sij hawm ntawm Tej (xyoo 1612) thiab cov ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon (1812). Piv txwv li, thaum lub Fabkis pab tub rog twb retreating los ntawm lub capital, nws twb muab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb Filaret Annex rau lub tswb ntauwd Ivana Velikogo. Cov tib txoj hmoo awaited tus nyob ze peb-ncua belfry. Tsis fwm thiab lub tsev teev ntuj Ioanna Lestvichnika. Nws tau tsa txawm los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ivan Kalita nyob rau hauv 1329. Tus qauv yog octagonal zoo nrog arches rau cov neeb, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob hauv pem teb. Nws yooj yim rau to taub nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm clearing lub chaw uas zoo heev rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub tswb ntauwd nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Ivana Velikogo.

Lub architectural tsos ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm lub koom txoos yog hloov txoj kev uas lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau. Ib txhia chaw tau supplemented nrog tshiab tshooj, Cloisters thiab lwm yam hais.

Nta architectural style

Cathedral ntawm tus Moscow Kremlin Square (yees duab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) muaj ib co nta raug ntawm lub architectural tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Vladimir-Suzdal nqi zog thiab Pskov. Masters caw los ntawm ob chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab pob zeb architecture, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub koom txoos thiab cathedrals tsis tsuas adhered mus rau lub classical txoj kev, tab sis kuj theem tshiab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem Rizopolozhensky lub tsev teev ntuj rau cov thawj lub sij hawm ua siab qab daus. Pskov tsev kawm ntawv tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau dai kom zoo ntawm facades. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ntau lub tuam tsev koj yuav saib tau lub curbs, ornamental siv rau drums ncaws beguntsy, peb-bladed version ntawm lub teb facade. Raws li rau Vladimir-Suzdal tsev kawm ntawv, nws cov cawv lub feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov Assumption Cathedral (nqaim arched qhov rais thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub apse).

tshiab style

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub synthesis ntawm cov koj nta ntawm ob lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm architecture ntawm lub regional tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua muaj rannemoskovskogo style yam ntxwv pob zeb architecture, uas tom qab ua lub All-Lavxias teb sab. Nws differed keel corbel arches rau lub facade, ib qho kev nce los ntawm lub hauv paus ntxaiv whorls thiab arches podpruzhnymi. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hauv paus nruas ntawm lub dome ntau kom meej meej txav mus rau sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm qhov kev siv volume.

txawv teb chaws tiam sis

Rau ib tug thaum lub Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin twb tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm yam mob loj heev architecture ntawm lub Italian Renaissance. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov caw txawv teb chaws architects tau sim los lo rau cov tsoos xaiv rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov pob zeb lug nyob rau hauv Russia, kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov facades ntawm ib co tsev (Cathedral ntawm cov thawj tubtxib saum ntuj, cov ncau Chamber thiab lwm tus) faib ntsiab raug ntawm Florentine vaj tse. Ntawm lawv, tsim ntawm lub qhov rais qhib, thiab tambourines, raws li zoo raws li ornaments. Piv txwv li, Bon Fryazin thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Russia thov hlau Screed nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho cov txheej txheem. Tom qab no, qhov no seemingly insignificant caij tiv thaiv lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub tswb ntauwd Ivana Velikogo thaum koj sim mus tshuab nws mus nyob rau hauv 1812

Ib me ntsis txog cov architects

Tu siab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua muaj tsis ntau ntawm cov npe, ua tsaug rau leej twg nyob rau hauv lub Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin. Lub keeb kwm hais Krivtsov thiab Myshkin - Lub taub hau artisanal masons los ntawm Pskov, koom nyob rau hauv lub erection ntawm lub Annunciation Lub tsev teev ntuj thiab Rizopolozhensky lub tsev teev ntuj.

Vim tsis muaj ntawm nws tus kheej txawj architects nyob rau hauv Moscow pib caw neeg txawv teb chaws. Ib qho ntawm thawj los txog ntawm Italian kws txawj - Aristotle Fioravanti. Nws coj tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral. Lub erection ntawm tus naas ej Palace ntawm seb koom Marko Fryazin Pierre Antonio Solari. Thaum pib ntawm lub thib kaum caug xyoo, lub tsim kho ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral taws Aleviz tshiab.

Qhov tseem mysterious ntawm lub Italian masters hu ua Bona Fryazino. Hais txog nws lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm, muaj zoo tsis muaj ntaub ntawv. Nws saib xyuas rau cov kev siv cov txheej txheem ntawm thawj ob lub tiers ntawm lub belfry Ivana Velikogo. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1505-1508. Nws cov ntaub ntawv twb tseem Petroc Me - kuj Italian. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho qhov chaw ntawm lub Kremlin tau xya lub xyoo (1522), nws kuj zoo kawg kev txawj thiab raws li txoj cai qhia lub npe Architecton. Tej paub yuav khav tsuas yog ob tug ntau Italian - Solari thiab khoom Tshiab Aleviz.

tiam

Raws li cov Cathedral Square ntawm lub Moscow tam sim no zoo li Kremlin? Tsav cov khaub ncaws ntau, ntawm chav kawm, hloov zuj zuj lub sij hawm. Ceeb tshaj, historians, restorers thiab lwm yam kws txawj tau ua hauj lwm rau ob peb xyoo lawm los ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo rau ntau lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm monuments. Tam sim no, tus neeg zoo tshaj qhov ntawm XV-XVI centuries, zoo nkaus li ua ntej lub admiring qhua nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab. Xav txog tej ntsiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Cathedral ntawm tus Annunciation

Cathedral ntawm tus Moscow Kremlin Square (txoj kev npaj southwestern ib feem nws qhia) yog lub npe hu rau Cathedral, ua los ntawm Pskov masters nyob rau hauv 1484-1489. Txij li thaum lub hnub ntawm lub reign ntawm Ivan III thiab pib ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua lub Annunciation Cathedral yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Russia. Lub tuam tsev, uas yog crowned nrog tsib gilded ncaws - ib tug harmonious muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv rannemoskovskogo architectural tsev kawm ntawv style. Hauv nws koj yuav qhuas tsawg piv txwv ntawm kev cai dab qhuas painting ntawm lub thib kaum caug xyoo. Lub picturesque complex daim ntawv qhia lub tswv yim ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox nyob rau hauv Russia raws li ib tug tib neeg successor mus rau lub Byzantine Empire.

Cathedral ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj

Tam sim no, lub tuam tsev no ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub qhov ntxa ntau Lavxias teb sab rulers. Nws yog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus square. Nyob rau hauv cov hniav tsos ntawm lub tuam tsev yog ntau tus los ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov Italian lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm architecture ntawm lub Renaissance. Tshiab cathedral tau tsa rau lub site twb loj cuam tshuam los ntawm lub cua daj cua dub lub tsev teev ntuj Arhangela Mihaila (siv lub hnub nyoog - kaum plaub). Siv cov kev faib tag nrho kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khaub ncaws ntau ntawm cov Kremlin.

ncau Chamber

Qhov no qauv no yog npaj rau lub tsev hais plaub kev cai tib si thiab ceremonies. Nws tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1487 los ntawm 1491 Italian architects Solari thiab Ruffo saib xyuas qhov kev siv. Ua rau sab hnub tuaj facade ncau dummy txha thiab apparatus Lancet qhov rais yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm tus ntawm Italian architecture. Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev pleev xim rau nws tus kheej Ushakov.

Ivan lub Great Tswb

Sab nrauv siv yog npaj ua lub cim lub hwj chim ntawm Russia. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, lub tswb ntauwd yog tus siab tshaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub capital thiab tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm raws li lub ntsiab saib-yees ntawm lub Kremlin. Nws tau los ua ib tug benchmark nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov pillar-churches thoob plaws lub xeev.

assumption Cathedral

Qhov no yog lub ntsiab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Russia. Nws yeej ua tau rau tus qauv ntawm lub lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Vladimir. Xyoo ntawm kev tsim kho - 1475-1479. Thaum lub hauv paus dome ntawm gilded ntoo khaub lig yog mounted ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm plaub caug-tsib meters. Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev tau sib yuav nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm Lavxias teb sab rulers thiab tsa rau cov nyob qib Orthodox hierarchs. Niaj hnub no, muaj yog faus ntau ntawm cov patriarchs thiab metropolitans ntawm lub teb chaws. Kaj central nrog tab xim ib tug puas masters ntawm lawv cov paj ntaub.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog tod?

Qhov twg yog Cathedral Square? Cim khaub ncaws ntau yog situated nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Moscow Kremlin. Nws yog ua tau mus tsav lub tsheb npav № 6 los yog №№ trolley 1, 33 (Tsis txhob mus "Borovitskaya cheeb tsam"), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub subway (Noj "Alexander vaj", "Borovitskaya", "Arbatskaja", "cov tsev qiv ntawv rau lawv. Lenin ").

xaus

Cathedral ntawm tus Moscow Kremlin Square (khaub ncaws ntau daim ntawv qhia yog hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) - ib qho ambitious project. Thaum lub sij hawm nws tsib-puas zaj dabneeg nws pheej los ua ib tug qhov chaw nyob qhov twg momentous keeb kwm cov txheej xwm tau unfolding.