Biathlon phom loj: hom thiab cov yam ntxwv

Ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm lub caij ntuj no cov kev ua si feem ntau txheeb xyuas ob feem ntau spectacular. Qhov no hockey thiab biathlon. Lub Soviet Union, thiab ces Russia, muaj ib txwm tau zoo siab rau lawv txoj hauj lwm zoo thiab achievements nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si. Txais yam tsawg kawg tib Kharlamov nyob rau hauv hockey los yog Tikhonov (plaub-lub sij hawm Olympic tau zus ib) nyob rau hauv lub biathlon. Nrog hockey iav yog tseeb - skates, stick, lub kaus mom hlau. Nrog biathlon yog ntau npaum li cas nthuav thiab txaus nyiam, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug muab ob npaug rau kev ua si nawv - skiing thiab shooting. kuj nrog hwm rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej siv rau lub zog yog tseeb: lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - twv cov roj nplua nyeem rau cov huab cua, tab sis, nrog biathlete riam phom, uas yog cov phom loj, yog tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim. Tog mus rau ib tug yooj yim kev xaiv ntawm lub hom raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no kawm tau zoo nyob rau shooting. Yog li ntawd tej ncaws pob kom huv si suited rau cov kev xaiv ntawm riam phom. Thiab nws zoo li biathlon phom loj? Duab nws yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm rau tus nyeem ntawv lub mloog nyob rau tom qab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv lub meantime, peb ua ib tug me ntsis excursion mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab paub thaum twg thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi tshwm sim ua qhov no zoo ntawm ntaus pob ncaws pob riam phom.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Thaum xaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II yog cov feem ntau nrov tub rog saib xyuas, nyob rau hauv essence nws yog qhov chiv keeb ntawm cov niaj hnub biathlon. Khoom thaum lub sij hawm yuav ib tug pa Army kev sib ntaus los Mosin phom loj, uas ua tiav txawm mus thiab bayonet. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv twb nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog rau cov Soviet pab tub rog thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nrog rau lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Tom qab ntau npaum li cas sib cav tswv yim, lub International Olympic Committee, nyob rau hauv 1960, muaj ib tug ntev-awaited debut kev ua tau zoo biathlon ntawm lub caij ntuj no Olympics. Rau Soviet ncaws pob Kalashnikov muaj kev txhawj xeeb rau kev sim raug muab phom loj "Biathlon-59." Biathlon phom loj pom yog nyob rau lub sij hawm diopter. Nws yuav los nruab nrog ib tug portable straps thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv cover. Nyhav biathlon phom loj thaum tsis nruj me ntsis tswj.

Chav Kawm rau Modernization thiab kev txhim kho ntawm

Tom qab lub caij ntuj no Olympics nyob rau hauv 1960 Sherstyakov riam phom designer, noj raws li ib lub hauv paus rau lub Mosin phom loj, ua ib tug tshiab riam phom rau cov biathlon. Tus qauv, uas tau muab tawm raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ua nyob rau hauv ob versions, thiab muaj ib lub npe, nyob ntawm seb lub caliber "Biatlon ob-7,62" thiab "Biatlon ob-6,5 '(cartridges thereto muaj qhov ntev ntawm 7,62 hli thiab 6.5 hli, ntsig txog).

Kev siv cov no ua tsov rog yog coj Soviet biathletes thawj Olympic kev vam meej, nyob rau hauv particular Vladimir Melanin nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1964 lub caij ntuj no Olympics nyob rau hauv Innsbruck muaj peev xwm los yeej muaj cov thawj kub puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub biathlon.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov seventies pib "Biathlon B-4" tso tawm ntawm ib tug tshiab phom loj, shooting ntawm uas tau nqa tawm nrog rimfire mos txwv. Tus qauv muaj ib tug ho qis ceeb thawj. Tom ntej no novelty twb tso tawm cia li ib lub xyoo tom qab tso tawm ntawm qhov yav dhau los, thiab muaj lub npe "Biathlon ob-5." Tua tau ua cartridges central battlefield uas coj caliber 5.6 hli. Nws yog nrog no phom loj lub triumphal Procession kev ntawm ib tug Golden plaub-lub sij hawm Olympic tau zus ib Aleksandra Tihonova.

competitors riam phom

Tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tau ua riam phom rau biathlon. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg thiab txawv teb chaws manufacturers. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws muaj xws li tuam txhab uas muag li "Anschutz" thiab "Walter" los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, "Sako" ua nyob rau hauv Finland thiab lub Austrian "Staer Mannlicher."

"Anschutz" feem ntau paub thiab untwisted biathlon phom loj. Nws yog tus coj noj coj ua ntawm no lub tuam txhab tau hais rau pab neeg IEP cov German Army Biathlon los tsim ib tug phom loj rau biathlon, uas yuav tau siab npaj German ncaws pob raws li cov txheej xwm xws li yooj yim thiab Recoil quab yuam. Yog li, los tsim tshiab riam phom muab kev koom tes qhov zoo tshaj plaws me me-caliber phom loj, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm uas yog "Antshutts-54", zoo kawg nkaus nws nyob rau hauv maloimpulsnogo cartridge central tiv cav tseb, uas muaj ib tug .222 caliber.

hloov tseem ceeb

1978 yog suav tias yog ib tug milestone nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm biathlon. Cov kev hloov mus rau me me-caliber riam phom ua kev ua si nawv siv tau thiab coob leej ntau tus. Thiab lub initiator ntawm no tseem ceeb tshwm sim yog tus tib German ruaj "Anschutz", uas yog commissioned los ntawm nws countrymen thiab lub tsev xws riam phom. Lub teb chaws uas nws ncaws pob yog cov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev ua si nawv, namely lub Soviet Union, Norway, Finland thiab lub tebchaws United States tsis xav poob lawv cov haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no biathlon thiab txav mus los ntawm cov tub rog muaj riam phom me me-caliber.

Yog li ntawd, rau ib tug pov npav, uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsiv mus nyob rau ib tug tshiab caliber, muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ardent ntawm UFW ntawm cov tshiab riam phom. Thiab muaj twb muaj "kev nom kev tswv blackmail" ntawm lub Austrian tog uas tsis kam los tuav lub ntiaj teb khob nyob rau hauv biathlon nyob rau hauv 1978, yog hais tias tus tshiab riam phom yuav tsis tau txais mus rau hauv qhov kev pab. Peb cov tswv cuab pov npav rau hloov lawv tus thawj txiav txim siab, thiab qhov nqi koj tshuav yog tipped nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus tshiab qauv.

Yog li, lub German chaw tsim tshuaj paus thiab ncaws pob zom rau hauv cov thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no biathlon, txhua tus nyob rau lawv tus kheej cheeb tsam. Tsim txheem kev ua si riam phom zoo: loj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3.5 kg, caliber phom loj biathlon - 5.6 hli, feem ntau hu ua .22lr. Mos txwv yuav tsum rimfire.

Txim ntawm cov kev hloov mus rau lub me me-caliber riam phom yog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lub deb li cas los lub hom phiaj -. Tam sim no nws yog 50 m German biathletes yeej xya yam ntawm cuaj kub medals nyob rau Biathlon ntiaj teb Championships nyob rau hauv 1978, nyob nyob rau hauv cov kev cai tshiab. Head qhia ntawm lub USSR Alexander Privalov, ib tug qub nqi zog khiav ntawm ob Olympic ua si, blamed cov disastrous kev kawm ntawm lub teb chaws pab neeg ntawm cov USSR yuav hloov tsis tau riam phom, thiab ib yam tshiab ntawm siv skis thiab incorrectly matched roj.

Zoo Tsim Nyog lo lus teb rau cov kev hloov ntawm cov kev cai

Gunsmiths thiab designers ntawm Izhmash (Izhevsk Tshuab-Tsev tsob nroj) urgently qhia ib tug tshiab phom loj "Biathlon B-6," uas siv ntug-hluav taws cartridges, nyob rau hauv raws li cov tshiab yuav tsum tau.

Cov pub leejtwg ntawm xws li ib tug ceev ceev tso tawm ntawm lub tshiab riam phom yog piav heev banal: tib yam li nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s, siv lub hauv paus ntawm Mosin phom loj, kuaj "Biathlon ob 7.62" thiab "Biathlon-ob 6.5" tau tsim, thiab nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no lub designers tau tiav lawm versions ntawm "Ural-5-1" thiab "Ural-6-1" thiab tsim los ntawm sib sib zog nqus Modernization "Biathlon ob-6".

phom loj ntaus ntawv

Cua phom loj biathlon kwv yees li tib yam rau tag nrho cov manufacturers thiab txawv xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ceeb chav nyob thiab tej txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tag nrho cov txawv yog cai thiab nruj nreem tswj. Biatlonnaya phom loj, uas ntaus ntawv muaj txheej txheem yam thiab mechanisms, muaj ib tug chim, ib tug ntoo lub thawv, ib lub rooj vag txhais pom thiab khw. Tus tsim tso cai rau lub taub qab thaum yuav tsum tau mus hloov nws linear ntev los ntawm kev ntxiv ntxiv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Koj yuav tsum tau ib tug siv rau biathlon phom. Nws tsuas yog siv lub hnab ev version, txij li thaum nws yog lub feem ntau cov tswv yim xaiv. Pom biathlon phom loj yuav tsum tsuas yog diopter, kev siv ntawm ib tug kho qhov muag txwv tsis pub.

Ib tus zuj zus yuav tau tom thiab kho lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov phom loj, piv txwv li, "sab plhu" (sab qaum kev ib lub taub qab) thiab cov pluaj muaj ib tug sib ntsib rau txawb. Qhov chaw ntawm loj ntawm caj npab yuav tau tom los ntawm kev ntxiv los yog kom txhob muaj cov balancing tes taw hnyav li. Ceev ceev overcharging phom loj, tsis muaj kev hloov rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub kis las ua ntawm ib tug crank mechanism uas locks chim bore ntawm ntsug axes ntawm kev sib hloov.

Tiv npog txaus siab rau lawv muaj nuj nqi ntawm kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov thoob channel paug, riam phom pom thiab foresight. Tus tsim ntawm lub shutter mechanism optimally kho cov nias quab yuam, txav mus rau txhais ntawm tus txhais, raws li zoo raws li qhov xwm ntawm tus qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob tsis disassembly ntawm riam phom. Los ntawm cov tsos ntawm biathlon nws cov kev cai tau raug pom zoo: cia li zawv zawg longitudinally rotating ntsia liaj qhov rooj biathlon phom loj, thiab tsuas yog tom qab tus txheej xwm ntawm xyoo 1978 tau tso cai rau kev siv ntawm cov qauv uas sib txawv tsim ntawm lub mechanism.

Shutter Qauv khov "Anschutz"

Txhua lub tuam txhab, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv raug ntaus pob ncaws pob phom, npaj thiab ua ib tug riam phom rau nws lub rooj vag qauv. Lub German chaw tsim tshuaj paus ntawm "Anschutz" siv shutter, tus tsim ntawm cov uas twb tsim nyob rau hauv 1935, lossi txhim kho nws.

Ua ntej yuav 1984, tag nrho cov riam phom ntawm lub hom yog tsim nrog rau kev siv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hais nrog teb mechanism. Tom qab 1984, cov gunsmith P. Fortner nyob rau cov phom loj shutter mechanism tsis muaj lus ceeb toom, thiab qhov no tsim yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv ntawm lub tuam txhab "Anschutz" rau hnub no. Ib tug txawv feature ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm yog ntau compact nyob rau hauv loj, hla ntawm lugs yuav tsum tau rau high-end cartridges.

Reloading phom loj ua heev yooj yim, nrog ob tug ntiv tes: ntiv tes rub lub kov, ua cocking lub shutter, thiab nws rov qab los ntawm nias rau ntawm qhov rov qab ntawm lub mechanism ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntseeg ntawm qhov riam phom thaum recharging cuam tshuam ejector thiab extractor, uas vim lawv tsim nti ua lawv zog thaum uas tsis muaj cua sov.

Lwm yam li qub designs

Finns yog cov thawj siv ib tug tshiab shutter tsim nyob rau hauv tus qauv Finnbiathlon, manufactured los ntawm Tampeeren Asepaja. Lub mechanism muaj ib tug longitudinally-zawv zawg ceev, thiab tsis tig.

Tom qab lawv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union kuj zoo nkaus li biathlon phom loj "B-7", ib tug shutter uas muaj tib lub qauv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg rau hauv lub merits ntawm cov koj riam phom designer Susloparova. Nws muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm los npaj mus rau qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Moscow Olympics tsab "B-7-2", uas txuas ntxiv qhov kev loj hlob ntawm ntaus pob ncaws pob riam phom nto moo tshaj plaws series "Biathlon". Hais lus rau cov Olympics nrog ib tug tshiab qauv, twb zoo-paub Alexander Tikhonov yeej nws plaub kub puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub relay. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no ob lub caij ntuj no Olympics biathletes los ntawm lub Soviet Union nrog kev pab los ntawm no xyov phom loj coj kub nyob rau hauv lub relay haiv neeg.

Kev loj hlob phom "Biathlon" series

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe nrov tshaj phom loj "B-7-2" nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s tsim thiab txais cov kev pab cuam biathletes qauv "B-7-3" thiab "B-7-4". Lub neej voj voog ntawm cov hom nrog rau qhov kev txhim kho yuav kav kom txog thaum lub caij ntuj no Olympics nyob rau hauv Vancouver.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1991 los lawm, lub ntsiab khoom no ntawm caj npab rau-biathlon ncaws pob Kalashnikov kev txhawj xeeb, pib zus tau tej cov tus qauv tshiab "B-7-2". Shooting los ntawm biathlon phom ntawm cov series ua .22lr mos txwv caliber rimfire muaj, raws li feem ntau txais cov qauv nyob rau hauv 1978. Raws yog vim swap khw, lub peev xwm uas yuav kav rau tsib rounds. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj raws li tus qauv, thiab ntxiv cov mos txwv rau cov ntaus ntawv, nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm peb tej daim. Plaub khw muag khoom noj thaum lub sij hawm cov haiv neeg yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb daim kab xev uas yog txuas mus rau cov phom loj taub qab.

Txhav Tas ntawm chim raws ntawm qhov pneumatic tshwm sim hinged-qib daim duab.

Lub ntsiab qauv tshau rau lub shooting nyob rau hauv lub biathlon yog ib tug ceev ceev recharge riam phom tsis muaj kev hloov rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm biathletes thiab siv precious lub sij hawm rau ib tug tshiab aim. Ua daim ntawv cartridge nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntawm cov phom loj "B-7-2" yog ua los ntawm ib tug reciprocating tsab ntawv tsa suab los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kov. Shutter thaum reloading tsiv nyob rau hauv ib tug me me arc.

Cov phom loj yog raug ncaj, uas yog tom los ntawm kev ntxiv los yog tshem corrector tes taw hnyav li. Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum tau teem tus txhais rub thiab txhais stroke. Plhu rau lub taub qab thiab qhov ntev ntawm nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm thiab yog configured ib lub zuj zus rau txhua tus neeg ncaws kab taub li cov neeg ncaws kab taub los ntawm cov kev kab ntsab thaum shooting nyob rau cov neeg. Lub thoob, pem hauv ntej lub xub ntiag thiab uas phom loj nruab nrog tshwj xeeb ceev hinged hau, uas nws lub ntsiab muaj nuj nqi yog los tiv thaiv cov riam phom los ntawm cov daus, av thiab lwm cov kab mob uas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ntawm shooting.

Raws li hais, tus zus tau tej cov no cov hom phom loj yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws twb raug mus rau kev txhim kho thiab modernized. Piv txwv li, niaj hnub no tso tawm "B-7-4A" qauv. Cov tsab ntawv A nyob rau hauv lub npe qhia tau hais tias qhov no phom loj muaj ib tug chim-paub German ruaj "Anschutz".

cov neeg tseem ceeb phom loj

Rau cov neeg tseem ceeb muaj xws li kuaj, kev cai rau ib qho ua kis las. Phom loj "B-7-4" nyob rau hauv lub cuaj kev hloov kho muaj ib hom tshuaj tshiab txaj, uas yuav ua tau teeb kom tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm tej biathlete; tshiab rear pom los ntawm ib tug sib tw khov "Anschutz"; ya nplhaib, uas tej zaum yuav raug hloov. Yuav kom tiv thaiv corrosion thiab txhim kho kev kawm ntawm lub receiver yog raug chrome plating thiab chim. Cov lwm qauv cov neeg tseem ceeb phom cais "Antshutts 1827", uas yog hu ua "qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws" ntau champions thiab nqi zog-biathletes.