Avant-garde ntxias. Lavxias teb sab avant-garde ntxias ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th

Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv Russia muaj yog ib tug ntawm cov tiam sis uas tau coj los ntawm thaum pib ntawm modernism thiab twb muaj npe "Lavxias teb sab avant-garde." Cia nws suab zoo li avant - "pem hauv ntej" thiab garde - "kev ruaj ntseg", tab sis nrog lub translation ntawm lub sij hawm twb dhau thiaj li hu ua Modernization thiab tsis nyuaj li "lub vanguard". Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub founders ntawm qhov no los ua rau hauv lub Fabkis avant-garde ntxias ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 uas advocated tsis kam muab ntawm tej ntsiab cai uas yog yooj yim rau tag nrho cov sij hawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov kos duab. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm avant-garde ntxias yog lub negation ntawm kev cai thiab tsis muaj sau kev cai lij choj ntawm artistic kev txawj.

Vanguard thiab thaum kawg nws

Lavxias teb sab avant-garde - ib tug ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai nrog ib co ntawm cov hom kev kawm ntawm Western European paintings. Lavxias teb sab avant-garde ntxias - cov neeg uas sau nyob rau hauv cov abstract style ntawm Suprematism, Constructivism thiab Cubo-Futurism. Ua tau, cov plaub yog lub ntsiab tiam sis thiab avant-garde tiam sis.

• Abstractionist thaum sau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv muab tshwj xeeb mloog mus xim thiab cov duab. Thov lawv, lawv tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov koom haum. Qhov tus tsim ntawm qhov no nyob rau hauv Russia yog Kandinsky, thiab nws thiaj li nws twb kev txhawb los ntawm Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Tsim lub tswv yim ntawm abstraction, Malevich tsim lwm rau - Suprematism. Tus thawj web ntawm no sib - "Black Square". Thaum lub forefront ntawm cov ua ke ntawm daim thiab xim yuav tsum ua kom tsim tau cov duab. Suprematist tswv yim vividly qhia nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm avant-garde ntxias A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, N. Udaltsov.
• Lub hauv paus ntawm constructive tswv yim yog dluab ntawm ntau lawm cov khoom. Cov founders ntawm no lub zog yog cov avant-garde ntxias ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th V. Tatlin thiab E. Lissitzky.
• Ib tug sib tov ntawm Fabkis Cubism thiab Italian Futurism tau muab sawv mus rau lwm tsis pub dhau: Cubo. Cov ua hauj lwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv no style, distinguished abstracts nrhiav thiab xim ob peb ua ke uas tsis paub mus rau lub kos duab ntawm lub sij hawm. Koj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Cubo-Futurism ua avant-garde ntxias Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

Artistic nta thiab tsim kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov avant-garde

Rau cov avant-garde taw yog yus muaj los ntawm ib co ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas txawv los ntawm lwm qhov chaw:

• Garde zoo siab txais tos txhua lub societal hloov, xws li lub kiv puag ncig.
• Ndlwg cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tug tej yam ambiguity, piv txwv li, rationality thiab irrationality.
• Recognition, admiration thiab kev tswm seeb rau cov kev thiab cov kev kawm.
• Tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev thiab txhais tau tias, tsis tau siv nyob rau hauv lub kos duab lub ntiaj teb no.
• Sau kom tiav rejection ntawm Fine Arts VIII xyoo pua.
• Tsis pom zoo los yog kev txaus sab ntawm kev lig kev cai, tsim cov me nyuam yaus ntawm painting.
• Sim kawm nrog xim thiab ntxoov.

Wassily Kandinsky

Tag nrho avant-garde ntxias ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog lub "me nyuam" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, uas yog tus founder ntawm lub avant-garde nyob rau hauv Russia. Tag nrho nws cov kev ua hauj lwm yog muab faib ua 3 theem:

• Lub Munich lub sij hawm Kandinsky ua hauj lwm rau ua hauj lwm, tsim xws masterpieces li "Blue Rider", "Rooj vag", "Gulf ntug dej hiav txwv nyob rau hauv lub Netherlands", "Laus Hauv lub zos".
• Moscow lub sij hawm. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws paintings ntawm lub "Amazon" lub sij hawm thiab lub "Amazon nyob rau hauv lub roob."
• Bauhaus thiab Paris. Lub voj voog yog siv ntau tshaj li lwm yam geometric duab thiab ntxoov yuav tau txias thiab twj ywm tones. Tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog "Me me pom kev nyob rau hauv liab", "Muaj pes tsawg leeg VIII», «Me Worlds", "Daj suab", "Fancy".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich yug nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1879 nyob rau hauv Kiev nyob rau hauv ib tug Polish tsev neeg. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov artist, nws sim nws txhais tes rau 15 xyoo thaum nws tau muab ib tug set ntawm cov xim tsev. Txij thaum ntawd los, rau Malevich nws yog ntau ib qho tseem ceeb affairs ntawm painting. Tab sis kuv niam kuv txiv tsis muab cov tej yam txaus siab tub thiab hais rau tau txais ntau loj thiab lucrative profession. Yog li ntawd Malevich nkag mus hauv lub agronomic tsev kawm ntawv. Mus txog nyob rau hauv Kursk nyob rau hauv 1896, nws ua acquaintance nrog Leo Kvachevskim, ib tug artist uas tswv yim Casimir mus kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tu siab, Malevich ob zaug ua tsis tau tejyam rau nkag mus rau lub Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting. Nws pib kawm cov kev txawj ntawm Rerberg uas tsis tau tsuas qhia cov tub ntxhais artist, tab sis kuj muab kev kho mob nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev uas: ncaav miv ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, nyob rau nws mus rau cov pej xeem. Ob leeg thaum ntxov thiab lig hauj lwm los ntawm Malevich - ib tug me hwj chim thiab lub siab ntsws xav. Ib yam li lwm Lavxias teb sab avant-garde ntxias ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nws combines nws ua hauj lwm decency thiab indecency, tab sis daim duab combines irony thiab txawj xav. Nyob rau hauv 1915, Malevich tau qhia rau cov pej xeem ib tug series ntawm paintings nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm avant-garde, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - "Black Square". Ntawm cov ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm ob leeg lub kiv cua thiab lub avant-garde ntxias pab "Ib tug tej yam mob-intentioned", "So. Society nyob rau hauv lub thooj voos kheej kheej, "" Cov viv ncaus, "" ris tsho hauv qab rau lub laj kab "," npog tas ib ce "," Gardener "," Lub tsev teev ntuj "," Ob tug Dryads, "" kubofuturisticheskogo muaj pes tsawg leeg. "

Mikhail Larionov

Nws kawm nyob rau Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting, puab thiab Architecture. Nws cov xib fwb tau tej naas ej ntxias li Korovin, Levitan, Serov. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm ntawm Larionov ib co kua nplaum sau ntawv xam qhovkev creativity Nesterova thiab Kuznetsova, uas yog tsis avant-garde nyuab thiab lawv paintings tsis mus rau qhov no sib. Yus muaj los ntawm Larionov thiab cov cheeb tsam xws li pej xeem kos duab, txheej thaum ub. Skips tub rog sau ntawv, piv txwv li, "vacationers cov tub rog" thiab cov kev tshawb xav ntawm tagnrho kev zoo nkauj, illuminated nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Venus" thiab "Katsapskaya Venus." Ib yam li lwm Soviet avant-garde ntxias, Larionov coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom "Zag tus Tsov tus tw" thiab "Jack ntawm Diamonds."

Natalia Goncharova

Goncharova yog Ameslikas kawm Duab puab, thiab tsuas yog tom qab hloov mus rau painting. Nws thawj saib yog Korovin, thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws yog txaus siab nrog lub exhibition nws paintings nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm Impressionism. nws yog ces tsa ntxhais ntawm cov neeg pluag kos duab thiab kev cai sib txawv ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab eras. Qhov no tau muaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tej films li "evangelists", "sau", "Niam", "Runaround". Ib tug embodiment ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug uas tsis txawj tuag rau canvas kos duab pib painting "Orchids" thiab "Radiant Lilies"

Olga Rozanova

Zoo li feem ntau ntxias, Rozanov tom qab lub tsev kawm ntawv tuaj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lwm yam nyuab. Avant-garde ntxias noj ntawm cov tub ntxhais txawj ntse ntxhais nyob rau hauv pej xeem lub neej, thiab rau 10 xyoo nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm miv thiab tau muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab plays. Rozanov tau ncaim mus ob peb theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, hloov cov style thiab cov kev taw qhia.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

Creative txoj kev Ivana Klyuna dheev hloov tom qab lub rooj sib tham nrog Malevich. Txawm tias ua ntej lub rooj sib tham nws Fabkis artist kawm painting thiab mus xyuas lub exhibition "Jack ntawm Diamonds." Tom qab ib tug fateful lub rooj sib tham Kliun ntxiv rau nws sau los ntawm paintings los ntawm "Gramophone", "lub taub mis" thiab "khiav mus txog rau lub toj roob hauv pes." Ntau tsis ntev los no ua hauj lwm cov artist tua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm paj lug painting, tsim portraits, ib hom ntawv nyeem compositions, tseem lub neej, piv txwv li no.

Alexandra Exter

Exter ua ib tug artist vim hais tias ntawm lub dawm mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas txoj hmoo coj nws mus xws li lub ntiaj teb no-nrov npe ntxias xws li Picasso, Yakhauj, Braque, Apollinaire, cov uas yog cov avant-garde.
Tom qab ib qho chaw twg Exter pib sau impressionistic style thiab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm yog tus painting "Still lub neej nrog ib tug vase thiab paj" thiab "peb poj niam cov nuj nqis." Thaum lub sij hawm, lub chaw ua hauj lwm los ua khees pointillism thiab cubism. Alexander nthuav nws paintings ntawm miv. Tom qab ntawd, cov artist tau mob siab ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm thiab uas tsis yog-figurative compositions pleev xim rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus, lampshades, tog hauv ncoo, raws li zoo raws li cov qauv theatrical productions.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin tau pib kawm nyob rau Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting, puab thiab Architecture, thiab ces - nyob rau ntawm Penza Art College. Tab sis nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub heev ncua thiab kawm tsis tau ntawv kev ua tau zoo, nws tau raug tshem tawm, tsis tau txais ib daim diploma. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 Tatlin tau tshaaj nws tej hauj lwm ntawm lub exhibition "Jack ntawm Diamonds" thiab "Zag tus Tsov tus tw". Nyob rau hauv kev, nws paintings yog hais txog kev nuv ntses hnub ua hauj lwm. Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov ntawm cov kev taw qhia plays ib tug encounter nrog Picasso yog tom qab nws Tatlin pib tsim Cubist nyob rau hauv style "Larionov cawv." Nws tsim yaam tshab muaj kev cuam tshuam cov qauv, muaj raws ntawm ntoo thiab hlau thiab hlau rau lub hoob pib nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab constructivist avant-garde.

El Lissitzky

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nruj nreem nrog nrag Lissitzky ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov neeg Yudais lub neej txhawb of Arts, qhov uas nws ua txij li thaum 1916. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, nws tsis tsuas yog piv txwv cov neeg Yudais cov ntawv xov xwm, tab sis kuj nquag koom nyob rau hauv miv nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab Kiev. neeg sau txoj kev ua hauj lwm sib haum xeeb muab handwritten phau thiab miriskusnicheskie lub sij hawm. Thaum tuaj nyob rau hauv Vitebsk Lissitzky pointless xav nyob rau hauv creativity, nws npaj cov phau ntawv thiab daim duab loj. Ale yog lub brainchild ntawm "Proun" - peb-dimensional shapes, uas yog lub hauv paus rau cov rooj tog ntau lawm txawm hnub no.

Lyubov Popova

Zoo li feem ntau ntxias, Popov coj ib tug multistep txoj kev tsim: nws thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm tau ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Cézanne, thiab tom qab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Cubism, Fauvism thiab Futurism. Popov perceive lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug zoo kawg tseem-lub neej, thiab pauv nws mus rau lub hom ntaub khov heev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov duab dluab. Kev mloog yog them hlub cov suab ntawm cov xim. Qhov no distinguishes nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Malevich. Nrhiav tsim theatrical productions, Popov tau ua ntawv thov cov style ntawm "Art Deco", uas muab lub avant-garde thiab niaj hnub. Cov artist yog peculiar muab incongruous, piv txwv li, nrog rau cov Renaissance Cubism thiab Lavxias teb sab iconography.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab avant-garde nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm

Muaj ntau avant-garde uas tseem siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub fine arts, txawm lub fact tias nws nws tus kheej raws li ib tug vanguard rau ntawd kub ntev li ntev heev. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau nws lub cev qhuav dej yog nyob rau hauv ntau yam lus qhia, uas tsim lub avant-garde ntxias. Vanguard Art ua rau nws tau los tsim photographic zaj duab xis, thiab tso cai rau tsim tshiab cov ntaub ntawv, le caag thiab cov kev daws nyob rau hauv kev daws artistic teeb meem.