Armored tsheb ciav hlau railway keeb kwm, piav qhia, yees duab

Cov laus tiam ntawm Russians yog zoo yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov lus ntawm qhov nrov song ib zaug: "Peb yog tiaj tus neeg, tab sis peb armored tsheb ciav hlau sawv nyob rau hauv siding." Nws armored qauv - tsis yog ib tug kev sib ntaus los tsev, thiab ib lub cim ntawm cov tub rog lub hwj huam ntawm lub xeev. Yog nws muaj xav tias nyob rau hauv peb hnub lo lus tsis poob chaw, thiab lawv txawm muaj ib tug heev zoo-paub printing tsev npe. Armored tsheb ciav hlau Railway - ib tug ntu nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab lub cim xeeb ntawm nws indelibly. Qhov twg tuaj rau peb lub fortress rau ntawm tej log?

Tus thawj thwmsim siv armored tsheb ciav hlau

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv lub tsheb ciav hlau raws li ib tug mobile artillery roj teeb nyob rau hauv Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1826, thaum lub ntiaj teb no hnov cov xov xwm ntawm lub creation ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv ces kev tsheb ciav hlau. Tab sis tsis muaj ib tug tiag nws tsis yog reacted, thiab cov tsheb ciav hlau yog thawj lub tsheb ciav hlau tuaj mus rau hauv lub bout xwb nyob rau hauv 1848, thaum lub Austrian pab tub rog yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nws capital ntawm Hungary.

Txawm li cas los, qhov no kev, tab vam meej, tsis muaj qab-up, thiab mas pom tau hais lub tswv yim twb nyob rau hauv lub US tshaj lub hiav txwv thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog (1861-1865). Nws yog chiv los ntawm tus American general Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm Ivan Vasilevich Turchaninov, zoo dua lub npe hu los ntawm nws American lub npe Dzhon Bezil Turchin.

Teem railway platforms thiab cov cuab yeej kom huv si armored (kaw) ntawm sandbags, nws mam li nco dheev rov nyob ze ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau lem rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm ib tug hostile pab tub rog ntawm northerners. Cov nyhuv yog li ntawd overwhelming uas siv cov artillery platforms los ua ib tug ib txwm kev xyaum, thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum lub tsheb ciav hlau yog lub tsheb ciav hlau twb txais yuav los ntawm ntau cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, lawv tau ua ib feem ntawd.

Ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab hom riam phom

Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, lub tswv yim sheathe railcars armor phaj, tab sis hauv lub qhov chaw artillery thiab tshuab-phom suav tuaj nrog cov Fabkis engineer Mougins. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog hais tias cov nqaim-gauge railways ntawm cov xyoo twb unsuitable rau hnyav tsheb rau lawv compositions, thiab lawv cov kev siv yog tau tsuas yog hais tias muaj yog ib lub hom phiaj-ua khiav, ua rau nws tsis yooj yim rau qhov.

Nyob rau hauv lub li ib txwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug armored tsheb ciav hlau railway rau peb, lub keeb kwm ntawm cov uas los ntawm lub sij hawm uas muaj yuav luag ib nrab xyoo, twb tau muab siv nyob rau hauv lub Anglo-Boer ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1899-1902. Borax yog dav siv guerrilla tactics, mam li nco dheev zuj ib tug tsheb ciav hlau nrog mos txwv thiab khoom noj khoom haus thiab yog li ua txhaum kev ntawm lub tus nrog sib ntaus daim. Nyob rau hauv cov tej yam, armored fortress rau ntawm tej log muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug zoo heev txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv lub kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov lus Askiv pab tub rog. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tsheb ciav hlau yog lub tsheb ciav hlau, armed nrog tsis tu ncua tuaj, nws tau los ua ib tug indispensable tug tswv cuab ntawm tag nrho cov loj kev tsov kev rog thiab cov tub rog tsis sib haum.

muaj koob muaj npe cai

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ua ntej lub ntiaj teb ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, yuav luag tag nrho cov European armies muaj nyob rau hauv nws arsenal armored tsheb ciav hlau, thiab nrog rau cov pib ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm pib lawv ntau intensive ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv 1913, Nws Majesty lub Emperor Nicholas kuv kom mus pib zus tau tej cov armored tsheb ciav hlau mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab engineers KB Krom thiab M. V. Kolobovym. Ob xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub midst ntawm tsov ua rog, tsib ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau mus rau hauv qhov kev pab tsim nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub railway qhov chaw, thiab tsis ntev lawv ntxiv ob ntxiv.

Armored Civil War

Nws yog zoo dua lub npe hu hais tias lub armored tsheb ciav hlau railway los ua ib lub cim ntawm lub Civil War. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence, txij thaum nyob rau lub sij hawm no nws tau nrhiav tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsim tawm tsam rau kev tswj ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej mov tseem khiav. Armored thiab bristling nrog phom compositions tau armed nrog yuav luag txhua tus warring ob tog. Tab sis xws li intensive siv ua sai tshwm tag thiab lawv lub ntsiab shortcomings.

Vim hais tias ntawm cov bulkiness ntawm lub armored tsheb ciav hlau yog ib tug yooj yim lub hom phiaj rau tus yeeb ncuab artillery, thiab nrog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub rog technology - thiab rau aviation. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muaj yog nkaus nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm railway lem, yog li ntawd rau tag nrho qhia nres yog txaus kom lawv puas tsuaj nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab-tas.

Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, txhua armored tsheb ciav hlau rail, kev siv cov uas inevitably provoked tus yeeb ncuab los txais yuav tej kev ntsuas, neeg ua hauj lwm platform nrog spare ntsia, sleepers thiab qhov tsim nyog mounting kho vajtse, thiab pab neeg no muaj neeg ua hauj lwm putejtsy. Fwm nthuav cov ntaub ntawv: manually kho crews yuav luag muaj kev tswj kom rov qab mus txog plaub caug meters ntawm txoj kev rau cov sij hawm. Tej productivity tso cai rau rov pib dua lub zog muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ncua sij hawm.

Armored lub Red Army

Lub Red Army lub armored tsheb ciav hlau nyob sib npaug ntau daim ntawv thov, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau ntawm lawv tw. Thaum pib ntawm hostilities nws yog nyob rau hauv lub pib lineup, sab laug tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog kuv, tab sis raws li tsov ua rog siab lawv Corporate twb launched zus tau tej cov thiaj li hu ua "surrogate" qauv, uas yog pa neeg nrog caij los yog freight u nrog txuas rau lawv tej cuab yeej phaj thiab neeg ua hauj lwm phom. Cov creation ntawm xws li ib armored tsheb ciav hlau tsis yuav tsum tau ntxiv drawings thiab coj heev me ntsis lub sij hawm. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1919 nws yog tau pib zus tau tej cov sij tauj u. By kawg ntawm lub Civil rog, tus tsov Red Army lawv twb muaj ib puas thiab nees nkaum units.

Tom qab tsov rog, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv twb rov hloov dua siab tshiab rau kev thaj yeeb lub hom phiaj, uas coj mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv dov Tshuag railway pab tub rog. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub thirties, peb tseem ua hauj lwm rau lawv tso tawm, tab sis noj mus rau hauv tus account lub hloov uas yuav tsum tau. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug loj ntau ib tug neeg thiab broneploschadki bronevagony thiab bronedreziny. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, lawv feem ntau tau nruab nrog anti-aircraft phom thiab tshuab phom, thiab tau npaj los tiv thaiv u los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab cua tawm tsam.

povntawv ntawm ib tug armored tsheb ciav hlau

Ntawm dab tsi yog ib tug classic armored tsheb ciav hlau railway? Duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm qhia ib tug es haib qauv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, xws li ib tug qauv tau nruab nrog ib lub cav uas nws muaj nuj nqi yog tau los ntawm kauj armor engine, thiab tom qab ntawd diesel. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog yuav tsum tau muaj ob peb armored tsheb los yog platforms muab tso rau hauv lawv cov caj npab. Qhov no yuav yog artillery systems, tam tshuab rab phom suav, thiab tom qab lub foob pob ua ntxaij launchers. Heev feem ntau, ib tug armored tsheb ciav hlau railway muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg cov tsaws platform uas tsis muaj tsev nyob uas muaj sia nyob quab yuam kev nws tsiv mus nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub hostilities.

Txawm tias nws lub npe, armored tsheb ciav hlau twb tsis yeej ib txwm tseg heev dua lwm yam cuab yeej. Tej zaum blindirovanie siv lub tsheb, uas yog, kom ntseeg tau lawv cov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm densely packed sandbags thiab los xij. Ib yam li ntawd manufactured tiv thaiv parapets rau rab phom thiab tsaws platforms. Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog nyob rau hauv lub German armored tsheb ciav hlau twb tseem muaj nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam platform, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog los pab txhawb lub tsaws.

Nta ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv lub forties

Ces muaj ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim los armored tsheb ciav hlau hom uas tsim los rau cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv yaam khoom (txuas hniav, factories, riam phom warehouses thiab thiaj li nyob. D.), nyob ntawm ib tug deb ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej kab, tab sis tsis pub dhau ntau yam ntawm cov yeeb ncuab aircraft. Lawv peculiarity lus dag nyob rau hauv tus tsim, optimized rau ua cua tawm tsam. Lawv muaj ib tug armored tshem ciav hlau thiab armored bay nrog rau ntau yam anti-aircraft weaponry. Bronevagony nyob rau hauv lawv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis tuaj kawm ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov forties muaj ib tug faib ntawm armored battalion, uas tau ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog armored railcar nyob rau hauv lub Soviet pab tub rog. Txij thaum pib ntawm tsov rog tus xov tooj tau nce muaj nuj nqis, thiab nws muaj lub railway flak roj teeb, kuj muab tso rau hauv tsheb ciav hlau. Lawv ua hauj lwm, raws li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los, tau tas mas cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab ua lag ua luam laaj nram qab no u. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ntau tshaj ob puas armored tsheb ciav hlau ua rau lub railways.

Railway troops nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv lub postwar xyoo, cov nqi ntawm armored tsheb ciav hlau tsis yeem vim yog lub ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm armored tsheb. Kom txog rau thaum 1953, lawv tau siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv cov UPA, nquag nqa tawm tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ntau yam railway chaw. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1958 lub Council of Ministers ntawm lub USSR muab ib tug decree ntawm lub txiav ntawm kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm qhov no zoo ntawm cov tub rog, thiab los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub fifties armored tsheb ciav hlau muaj tau kiag li decommissioned.

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub seventies, vim lub ntsuas ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog rau Tuam Tshoj, peb pom tias nws tsim nyog los siv rau Trans-Baikal thiab Far Eastern tub rog cheeb tsam tsib armored tsheb ciav hlau, pheej cruising raws lub xeev ciam teb. Lawv tom qab siv los daws kev tsis sib haum nyob rau hauv Baku (1990) thiab Nagorno-Karabakh (1987-1988), tom qab uas lawv raug xa mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm mus tas li qhov chaw nyob.

Missile los luj rau ntawm qhov ntsia

Niaj hnub nimno railway tsheb ciav hlau yog me ntsis resemblance mus rau lawv cov predecessors khwv tau koob meej thaum lub sij hawm yav dhau los kev tsov kev rog. Niaj hnub no cov qauv no, txawm peem rau nrog missile systems uas muaj peev xwm ntawm ntaus nuclear warheads thiab tej lub hom phaj teev nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm shortest hloov qhov chaw ntawm xa mus.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias qhov no yog ib tug fundamentally tshiab kev tsim, rau nws, txawm li cas los, yuav tau cov paub lub npe - armored tsheb ciav hlau. Tsheb ciav hlau, uas yog yeej tseem zoo ib missile puag, ua tsaug rau nws cov kev mus ncig yog loj nyuaj mus ntes nws txawm nrog kev pab los ntawm satellites.