Armenian monastery Surb Khach: hauj lwm, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Monuments ntawm lub Armenian lub tsev teev ntuj architecture, uas tus monastery ntawm Surb Khach (Laus Crimea), txawv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb pes tsawg leeg thiab cim style. Vaj tse ntawm cov ancient lub sij hawm yog tsis ntau npaum li cas tseem ceeb thiab nthuav yuav yog tus mus ntsib mus rau lub monastery. Nws hnub rov qab mus rau lub 14th caug xyoo, thiab nws qhia qhov kaj lug nta ntawm tsoos Armenian architecture.

siv History

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12-13, ib tug haib ancient lub xeev Armenia yog nyob rau hauv poob vim hais tias ntawm lub qhov tawm tsam ntawm neeg txawv teb chaws, thiab qhov no ua rau ib tug pejxeem loj tsiv teb tsaws thiab nthuav tawm ntawm Armenian kab lis kev cai mus rau lwm cov chaw. Ib tug loj pawg ntawm Armenians tsiv mus rau Crimea, nyob qhov twg nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm cov kev cai ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Genoa, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws missions suav hais tias yog kis ntawm Catholicism. Armenian Christian moog nyob rau hauv nyob ntsiag to kos npe rau mus rov qab Crimean tsis kam, thiab yog li ntawd muaj yog ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv tshiab orthodox monasteries. Monastery ntawm Surb Khach nyob rau hauv lub Crimea twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1358. Nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug qhov chaw nkaum thiab ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig chaw rau cov Armenians uas tshuav lawv teb chaws. Abode yog cov coob monument ntawm lub Armenian kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, thaum lub Turkish invaders ravaged thaj av hauv ceg av qab teb, lub monastery twb dim, vim hais tias txawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis tsa ib txhais tes ua kom puas xws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries, lub monastery rebuilt thiab yog loj hlob ob peb lub sij hawm. Maj mam, Holy Cross los ua ib tug loj qhov chaw ntawm pilgrimage rau Dub hiav txwv tub tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv 1778, muaj yog ib tug loj tsiv teb tsaws ntawm Armenians los ntawm lub Crimean pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau Lower Don nyob rau behest ntawm lub Empress Catherine II. Thiab ua kwv ua tij ntawm lub monastery sau lawv tej khoom thiab kuj tsiv nws cov neeg mus rau lub Don, qhov twg abode yuav qhib nrog tib lub npe. Qhov kawg ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua Crimean monastery resumes nws cov hauj lwm, thiab txawm hais tias nws tsis yog tus diocese, tab sis tau muab khaws cia tseg nws sab ntsuj plig thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb rau lub Armenians uas tseem nyob rau hauv lub Crimea. Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig ntawm Surb Khach muaj 4 txhiab daim av ntawm av. Tab sis tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1925, lub monastery raws li ib tug kev cai dab qhuas lub tsev kawm ntawv, tau raug tshem tawm. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, nws tsis muaj tsev nyob ntau tsev: los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov camp mus rau ib tug lub tsev kho mob rau tubercular. Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, cov Nazis uas muab txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev, tsis tau twv kom puas no qhov chaw namolennoe. Nyob rau hauv lub lig 80-ies ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Cross pib los, nyob rau hauv 1994 cov kev pab cuam resumes. Niaj hnub no, cov monastery yog qhib rau mus ntsib thiab tej lus thov ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm ntawm no, tab sis cov monastic kwv ua tij tsis nyob ntawm no lawm.

Lub architectural complex

Armenian monastery Surb Khach hnub no muaj ob peb cov vaj tse: ib lub tsev teev ntuj, ib tug refectory, ib lub tsev rau nyob fraternity thiab ib lub vaj teb nrog chaw. monastery complex yog nyob rau hauv ib tug heev zoo nkauj qhov chaw - lub Crimean hav zoov rau ib lub roob nqes hav Grytsya. Vintage phab ntsa muaj amazing zog thiab lub zog. Nws yog ib heev nyob ntsiag to, lub tsev yog tsis shocking kev zoo nkauj, uas yog lub grandeur thiab sab ntsuj plig hwj chim. Nyob rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub complex, koj yuav saib tau ib tug ntau ntawm carving, painting, zoo hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Sib raug zoo thiab lightness brutal pob zeb phab ntsa muab lub carved staircase thiab cua nqe vaj lug kub. Niaj hnub no, cov monastery yog nyob rau hauv ruins, thiab nws tsuas ntxiv povhaum rau vaj tse. Cov phab ntsa, them nrog ntxhuab, them nyiaj yug, muaj nuj nqis heev txiv hmab qus lawm, roob springs - tag nrho cov no yog ib tug nyob ntsiag to txoj kev. Lub complex nyiam nws kev sib raug zoo thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm antiquity.

Lub tsev teev ntuj uas dawb huv Sign

Crimean monastery ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Cross ua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Surb Nshan Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Tej yam tshwm sim. Local lus dab neeg hais tias ib zaug neeg pom nyob rau hauv lub ntuj saum toj no tus nqes hav ntawm Mount Holy Cross, nws taw tes rau qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov purest caij nplooj ntoos hlav tua nkag. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm cov cim thiab cov thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ua tau ntawm ntoo, tom qab pob zeb lub tsev teev ntuj sawv nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Poetic inscription carved on lub pob zeb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub dome "nruas", nws hais tias hauv lub tuam tsev ua tau nyob rau hauv 1358. Lub architecture ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib tug continuation ntawm lub medieval Armenian sawv, nws yog coj los ntawm cov pyramidal tsev pheebsuab ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, teem rau ib tug siab ncau "nruas". Lub tuam tsev yuav ua tau cov loj grey pob zeb, lub-ru tsev yog them nrog liab vuas. Cos thiab haib tsev yog ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb phab ntsa, uas ib zaug tau txais kev pab ib tug defensive muaj nuj nqi. Nyob rau cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev teev ntuj fwm medieval murals. Lawv muaj peev xwm saib tau cov duab ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Mary nrog tus me nyuam mos Yexus nyob rau hauv nws caj npab, nrog cov ntseeg nyob ib ncig ntawm. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov tawg tsam fwm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub Armenian Lub tsev teev ntuj - ib tug menyuam yaj nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig.

Rau lub tsev loj nyob ib sab lub narthex (gavit), uas twb hu ua ob lub qhov rooj nkag. Cov phab ntsa hauv lub lawj, carved nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm crosses. Lub ntsiab ntawm no Christian cim yog twb tsis siv qhov txhia chaw. Tom qab tag nrho, lub monastery thiab lub roob uas nws sawv, npe hu ua nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Cross. Saum toj no lub lawj tswb ntauwd, uas ua rau yus los ntawm gavit pob zeb staircase, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog carvings. Qab khav yog phab thiab tswb ntauwd hnub los ntawm thaum ntxov 15th caug xyoo.

refectory

Nyob rau sab tod los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub, yam txawv lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Tej yam tshwm sim, yog tus monastery refectory. Thaum Surb Khach monastery nyob hauv tsev mus rau pua pua ntawm cov neeg, thiab yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau ib tug loj chav rau pub mis monks thiab pilgrims. Tam sim no lub refectory yog ib tug ob-storey tsev nrog ib tug loj hauv qab daus. Tab sis lub thib ob pem teb twb ua nyob rau hauv tsuas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tsis muaj tsev nyob chav rau pilgrims thiab pilgrims. refectory qhov chaw nws tus kheej muaj ob halls. North chav tsev yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug loj qhov cub nrog ib tug koov, ntawm no nws muab tso rau hauv qhov cub. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb muaj yog ib tug staircase mus rau lub qab daus, raws li zoo raws li rau kev nkag mus rau lub lodge. Tom ntej no mus cov chav koj yuav saib tau lub ciav, lub sab qaum teb phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yog kev cob cog rua rau lub pob zeb phab ntsa ntawm lub monastery.

vaj tsim tsev

Nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub uas dawb huv Cross Monastery yog ib tug nrov heev qhov chaw, thiab kom haum raws li pilgrims thiab monks tshwj xeeb chaw twb xav tau. Mus rau sab qab teb phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev uas nyob ib sab mus rau lub monks 'hlwb. Lub nkoj ua tau nyob rau hauv lub lig 17th xyoo pua thiab muaj ob plag tsev. Rau hauv av muaj 8 cov chav rau txawv hom phiaj. Hlwb thib ob pem teb muaj kev nkag tau mus rau ib tug muab qhia qhib lub sam thiaj. Lub sab hauv yog heev austere fraternal lub cev, lub zog ntawm lub chav tsev tsim ib tug series ntawm arched ceilings. Los ntawm sab qab teb mus rau lub fraternal cov vaj tse nyob ib sab ib-zaj dabneeg tsev ntawm lub monastery tsev so. Nws puas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 20th, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 80s rov qab los los ntawm tseem muaj sia nyob drawings.

monastery vaj

Thaum lub sij hawm nws kaj ntug monastery Surb Khach nto moo lub vaj uas muaj ntau chaw. Niaj hnub no, los ntawm nws qub magnificence me ntsis yog sab laug. Ntawm no koj yuav saib tau qhov seem ntawm ancient paths, luag pom layout ntawm landings thiab ob chaw ua los ntawm pob zeb. Kais Haus Dej - ib cov qauv nrog ib lub pob zeb facade, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog carvings. Yuav ua kom cov dej chaw nyob rau hauv lub monastery ua hauj lwm tej hub dej, uas twb ua kua los ntawm cov dej los ntawm lub hauv paus. Los ntawm cov refectory mus rau lub chaw ib zaug coj 5-taw ntaiv, tam sim no yog cov tawg tsam ntawm tus ntaiv thiab plaub terraces ntawm pob zeb.

nthuav lus tseeb

Cov ancient monastery ntawm Holy Cross nyob rau hauv lub qub Crimea yog ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab legendary qhov chaw. Muaj ib tug laus pob zeb ntoo khaub lig - khachkars (ntoo khaub lig-pob zeb). Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tej yam qub qab ntawm lub monastery, tab sis cov nyaj kwv tij coj deb lub zog dawb ceev kwv nrog ib tug tshiab monastery rau cov Don. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Crimea, tsuas nws muaj ntau dluab yuav pom niaj hnub no.

Los ntawm cov monastery, koj yuav tau mus rau ib qho chaw uas cov lus qhia hu ua Backwoods, qhov twg yog qhov ruins ntawm lwm ancient monastery - Surb Stephanos 14th caug xyoo.

Nyob ze ntawm lub monastery ntawm Surb Khach ntws ib lub roob kwj, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, muaj miraculous powers. Cov dej nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog siv lead ua ntshiab thiab nws yog zoo haus.

Tsis muaj

Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav tau tus Vaj Cross Monastery? Chaw nyob monastery zwj ceeb: Stary Krym, Kirovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Koj yuav tsum mus rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Stary Krym rau ib txoj kev av nyob rau hauv ib tug sab qab teb-westerly kev taw qhia. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov monastery ntawm Holy Cross, uas nws hu tsis tau pom, yog ib cov keeb kwm thiab architectural monument, tsev khaws puav pheej, muaj yog tsis muaj xov tooj thiab hauv Internet. Yog li ntawd, tsuas vam cia rau lub navigators thiab tus neeg zoo uas yuav yeej ib txwm taw tes rau txoj kev.