American submarines: daim ntawv. Tej yaam num nuclear submarines

Cov rog ntawm txhua lub teb chaws - yog ib tug haib mechanism ntawm geopolitical containment. Ib tug submarine fleet, los ntawm lawv cov muaj feem xyuam rau lub thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo thiab cov escalation ntawm kev tsis sib haum. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua, teb chaws Aas Kiv txhais ciam teb sab ntawm nws cov tub rog frigates, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv thawj coj ua lub rog ntawm lub tebchaws United States of America. Thiab American submarines tau ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm.

paramount tseem ceeb

Submarine fleet tau txais rau America ua nce tseem ceeb heev. Keeb kwm, lub teb chaws twb yog muaj raws qhov ib thaj tsam ntawm dej, ua rau nws nyuaj mus tua tus yeeb ncuab txoj covert. Nrog lub advent nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub underwater submarines thiab cuaj luaj "submarine - cov huab cua", cov thaj tsam yog ua nce bleak rau America.

Aggravated confrontation ntawm thoob ntiaj teb kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Muslim lub teb chaws ua rau ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub neej ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm America tiag tiag. Iranian Islamists tsis tso tseg lawv cov me nyuam no yuav kis tau cuaj luaj "submarine - cov huab cua", thiab yog ib tug kev hem thawj rau tag nrho cov nqaum chaw ntawm America. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev puas tsuaj yuav tsum nco. Tsis txhob nres twb los ntawm cov dej muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau tib yam tus nrog sib ntaus.

Tus tam sim no US tus thawj tswj hwm Donald Trump nyob rau hauv nws thawj thawj kev sib tham hais tias npaj rau ntxiv rau kom qhov US submarine fleet. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib yam kev mob - txo nws tus nqi. Qhov no yog ib yam dab tsi tsim nyog xav corporations uas tsim nuclear US submarines. Lub precedent yog twb muaj. Tom qab Donald Trump hais tias tus tsis txaus siab mus rau lub Boeing tuam txhab rau lub mov ntawm cheaper fighter, Lockheed Martin lub tuam txhab tau txo tus nqi ntawm lub fighter F -35.

sib ntaus sib tua lub dag lub zog

Niaj hnub no, cov US submarine nkoj yog feem ntau atomic zog. Qhov no txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv nqa tawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog muaj peev xwm ua yuav muaj tsuas mus rau cov nqi ntawm cov zaub mov thiab dej rau lub rooj tsavxwm. Qhov tseem heev heev hauv chav kawm ntawv submarines "Los Angeles." Qhov no peb-tiam tej nkoj nquam nrog ib tug xaav ntawm txog 7 tons, dhia tob mus txog rau 300 meters thiab raug nqi txog $ 1 million. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, America xyoo lawv nrog tej nkoj nquam plaub tiam ntawm "Virginia" cov chav kawm ntawv, zoo nruab thiab muaj nqis $ 2.7 lab. Thiab cov nqi no yog tsis txhaum los ntawm lawv cov nyob kawm ntawv.

effectives

Niaj hnub no, cov US Navy yog ua thiab xov tooj, thiab nyob rau equipping lub naval caj npab. Cov tub rog hiav txwv rog ntawm lub tebchaws United States muaj 14 xaiv yaam nuclear submarines thiab 58 nres submarines.

US cov tub rog submarine fleet yog txawm peem rau nrog rau ob hom submarines:

• Dej hiav txwv ballistic nkoj. Sib sib zog nqus hiav txwv submarine, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas muaj riam phom me nyuam mus rau lo lus uas peb thiab qhov teeb meem ntawm ballistic cuaj luaj. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lawv hu ua xaiv yaam. Kws muaj txuj ci kev ua tsov rog tsis uas muaj tuaj los ntawm ib tug muaj zog firepower.
• "Tej nkoj nquam - zoov." High-speed tej nkoj nquam, lub hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj uas yog ntau yam: shipping cruise missiles thiab peacekeeping rog nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem tsam, hluav taws xob nres thiab txov tus yeeb ncuab rog. Tej submarines hu ua multifunctional. lawv tseem - ceev, maneuverability thiab stealth.

Pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm underwater navigation nyob rau hauv America pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Lub volume ntawm tsab xov xwm tsis hais xws li ib array ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Peb kub siab rau lub nuclear arsenal, uas yog tsim tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog. Ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm tus underwater nuclear arsenal ntawm lub Armed Forces of America yuav ua, adhering rau raws caij hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Tus thawj sim nuclear

Nyob rau hauv Connecticut shipyard nyob rau hauv Groton nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 1954 nws twb launched tus thawj American submarine "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) nrog ib tug xaav ntawm 4 vam txog tons thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 100 meters. Nws tuaj nyob rau hauv thawj voyage los ntawm lub xyoo. Nws yog ib lub "Nautilus" nyob rau hauv 1958. Tus thawj twb muaj nyob rau hauv dej nyob rau hauv North Ncej hais tias yuav luag tas nyob rau hauv qee - lub neej puas lub periscope ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm navigation systems. Nws yog ib yam kev sim thiab tsuas yog multi-purpose torpedo nkoj nrog sonar installation nyob rau hauv lub hneev, thiab torpedoes thiab nyob rau tom qab. Lub submarine "barracuda" (1949-1950) qhia tau hais tias ib tug qhov chaw ntawm lub feem ntau muaj kev vam meej.

Nuclear US submarines advent yuam ua hauj lwm naval engineer, Tsheb Admiral Hyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Tom qab tus tsav project yog lub USS Seawolf (SSN-575), kuj tso nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv 1957. Nws muaj ib tug reactor nrog kua hlau li coolant nyob rau hauv thawj lub voj reactor.

Tus thawj lawm nuclear

Ib tug series ntawm plaub submarines ua nyob rau hauv 1956-1957, - "Skate» (USS Skate). Lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub US armed forces thiab tau raug sau tawm nyob rau hauv lub lig 80-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Ib tug series ntawm rau tej nkoj nquam - «Skipjack» (1959). Kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1964, qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws series. Tej nkoj nquam muaj "albakorovskuyu" lub cev zoo thiab lub siab tshaj plaws tus nqi mus txog rau ib tug series ntawm "Los Angeles".

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm (1959-1961) pib ib tug series ntawm tshwj xeeb nuclear submarines nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj tsib - "Dzhordzh Vashington." Qhov no yog thawj ballistic nkoj project. Txhua lub nkoj yog 16 silos rau cuaj luaj Polaris A-1. shooting raug nce hygroscopic stabilizing, tsib lub sij hawm thiaj li muaj cov amplitude ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 50 meters.

Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm tej yaam num ntawm nuclear submarines rau ib tug hluas lom ntawm ib sim series ntawm Triton, Halibut, Tullibe. American designers tau experimented thiab zoo tag nrho lub system ntawm navigation thiab lub hwj chim systems.

Ib tug loj series ntawm multipurpose tej nkoj nquam, hloov Skipjack, muaj 14 nuclear submarines Treaher.Poslednyaya twb decommissioned nyob rau hauv 1996.

Series Benjamin Franklin - submarines SSBNs "Lafayette". Thaum xub thawj lawv ua ntaj riam thaiv nrog ballistic cuaj luaj. Nyob rau hauv lub 70s rearmed nrog cuaj luaj "Poseidon" thiab ces "Trident-1." Kaum Ob tug tej nkoj nquam Series Benjamin Franklin tuaj koom lub fleet uas xaiv yaam submarines nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960, uas hu ua "41 rau tus ceev xwm ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej." Tag nrho cov nkoj uas nyob hauv fleet npe hu ua tom qab cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv American keeb kwm.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws series - USS Sturgeon - multipurpose nuclear submarines muaj xws li 37 submarines, tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 1871 mus 1987. Ib tug txawv feature - tsis muaj suab nrov theem thiab sensors rau dej khov sailing.

Tej nkoj nquam pab nyob rau hauv lub US Navy

Los ntawm 1976 mus 1996, equipping lub Navy ua multipurpose submarines ntaus Los Angeles. Tag nrho cov ua 62 tej nkoj nquam nyob rau hauv no series, qhov no yog qhov loj tshaj plaws series ntawm multi-purpose submarines. Riam phom torpedoes thiab ntsug launchers cuaj luaj "Tomahawk" nrog rau cov homing systems. Cuaj Los Angeles-class tej nkoj nquam coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub Gulf ua tsov ua rog. Reactors GE PWR S6G 26 MW tsim los ntawm "General Electric". Nws yog nrog no series pib ib tug kev lig kev cai rau lub npe rau hauv lub npe ntawm hauv tej nkoj nquam lub zos ntawm America. Niaj hnub no, raws li ib feem ntawm lub US Navy 40 tej nkoj nquam ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv yog kev sib ntaus los pab.

Ib tug series ntawm xaiv yaam nuclear submarines, muab los ntawm 1881 mus 1997, muaj 18 submarines nrog ballistic cuaj luaj rau lub rooj tsavxwm - ib tug series ntawm "Ohio". Lub submarine yog armed nrog no series ntawm 24 intercontinental ballistic cuaj luaj nrog ib tug neeg cob qhia. Rau kev tiv thaiv, lawv yog armed nrog plaub torpedo hlab. "Ohio" - lub submarine, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm offensive rog ntawm lub US Navy, 60% ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog nyob rau lub hiav txwv.

Qhov tseeb peb tes num ntawm nuclear submarines ntawm peb tiam ntawm multi-purpose "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Qhov no yog ntawm daim card project ntawm lub US Navy. Nws twb hu ua "ib tug zoo Los Angeles" rau ib tug tshwj xeeb uas ntsiag to. Nws tau tshwm sim thiab xwb tsis paub radars. Yog vim li cas - tshwj xeeb suab insulating txheej, ua hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsia hlau nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm lub dav hlau engine hom thiab ntau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov suab nrov sensors. Tsim kev ceev ntawm 20 cov pob caus ntawd, ua rau nws ua pa nrov tib yam li "Los Angeles", uas sawv nyob rau hauv quay. Tag nrho tej nkoj nquam ntawm no series ntawm peb "Seawolf", "i" thiab "Dzhimmi Karter". Cov yav tas yog commissioned nyob rau hauv 2005, thiab hais tias qhov no nkoj ntawm lwm yam uas lub Terminator nyob rau hauv ob lub caij ntawm lub TV series "Terminator: Lub Sarah Connor Vaj Keeb Kwm." Qhov no ib zaug dua qhia zoo heev xwm ntawm cov tej nkoj nquam ob tsos thiab cov ntsiab lus. "Dzhimmi Karter" kuj hu ua lub "dawb ntxhw" ntawm cov Whyteshadows rau nws loj (ntev ntawm lub nkoj khub 30 meters). Thiab raws li nws tus yam ntxwv , qhov no submarine yuav suav hais tias twb submarines.

Underwater tseeb tiam tej nkoj nquam

US Navy lub neej yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv underwater shipbuilding pib 2000 xyoo thiab muaj feem xyuam rau ib tug tshiab hauv chav kawm ntawv USS Virginia chav kawm ntawv submarines. Tus thawj nkoj ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv SSN-744 launched thiab muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam nyob rau hauv 2003.

Submarines ntawm lub US Navy hom yog hu ua tus lub txhab raus phom haib arsenal ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov "zoo tagnrho observer", vim hais tias cov feem ntau nyuaj thiab rhiab piav thoob hlo systems puas ntsia rau submarines.

Tsav rau kuj dej ntiav ntiav muab ib atomic engine nrog ib tug nuclear reactor, uas yog khaws zais cia txoj kev npaj. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus reactor yog tsim los rau ib tug lub neej ntawm 30 xyoo. Cov theem ntawm cov suab nrov yog txo los ntawm lub system cais lag thiab niaj hnub tsim ntawm lub hwj chim thaiv nrog "silencing" txheej.

General kev ua tau zoo yam ntxwv USS Virginia chav kawm ntawv tej nkoj nquam, uas niaj hnub no commissioned tsug kaum peb:

• tus nqi mus txog rau 34 cov pob caus ntawd (64 km / h);
• ntsw tob txog li 448 meters;
• los ntawm 100 mus rau 120 neeg coob neeg;
• Deg xaav - 7.8 tons;
• ib tug ntev ntawm 200 meters thiab ib tug dav ntawm txog 10 meters;
• Nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag hom GE S9G.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub series muab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm 28 submarine "Virginia" nrog rau cov gradual kev hloov ntawm lub Navy lub arsenal nyob rau lub plaub tiam ntawm tej nkoj nquam.

Nkoj Mishel Obamy

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj xyoo tas los ntawm cov tub rog shipyard nyob rau hauv Groton (i) yog commissioned 13-class submarine USS Virginia nrog hull tooj SSN -786 thiab lub npe "Illinois» (Illinois). Nws lub npe hu nws nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm cov neeg lub xeev ntawm cov ces ua ntej poj niam Mishel Obamy, uas coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub pav tua ya ntawm nws nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 2015. Lub npe ntawm cov thawj poj niam, raws li kev lig kev cai, yog ntaus thwj rau ntawm ib lub qhov chaw hauv lub submarine.

Nuclear submarine "Illinois" 115 meters ntev thiab 130 neeg coob cov tswv cuab rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib nruab nrog unmanned underwater tsheb rau kuv kom paub tias, lub rooj vag rau divers thiab lwm yam ntxiv cov khoom siv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub submarine kev nqaum thiab sib sib zog nqus hiav txwv ua hauj lwm.

Es tsis txhob tshuaj nkoj periscope telescopic system ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug TV cov koob yees duab, ib tug laser sensor infrared soj.

Firepower tej nkoj nquam: 2 installation Revolving hom 6 thiab 12 ntsug community launch cruise cuaj luaj "Tomahawk" thiab 4 torpedo hlab thiab 26 torpedoes.

Cov tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov sub - $ 2.7 billion.

Lub zeem muag ntawm ib tug tub rog underwater tsev

Lub siab dua ibyam ntawm lub US Navy insisted on lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo kev hloov ntawm diesel roj submarine tej nkoj nquam, muaj zoo tsis muaj kev txwv rau cov kev coj cwj pwm ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm - nrog nuclear propulsion. Plaub tiam nuclear submarine "Virginia" muab rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm 28 submarines ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv. Lub gradual kev hloov ntawm lub arsenal ntawm lub naval rog nyob rau lub plaub tiam ntawm tej nkoj nquam yuav ua rau kom lub kev ntsuam xyuas thiab cov kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ua ntawm lub US Army.

Tab sis tsim chaw ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv mus ua hauj lwm thiab muab lawv cov tub rog tej yaam num.

Yuav tsaws American submarines

Secretive tsaws troops rau hauv ib ncig ntawm cov yeeb ncuab - uas yog lub aim ntawm tag nrho cov amphibious hauj lwm. Tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog, xws li ib tug hauj tseem nyob rau hauv America nyob. Bureau of Shipbuilding (Bureau of Ships) tau txais ib qho kev txiav txim rau ib tug amphibious submarine. Tej yaam num muaj nyob, tab sis lub tsaws rog tau tsis muaj nyiaj txiag them nyiaj yug, thiab cov fleet yog tsis xav nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim.

Los ntawm tiag xav tej yaam num muaj xws li Seaforth Group tuam txhab project, uas nyob rau hauv 1988. Engineered lawv tsaws submarine S-60 yuav lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau hauv cov dej ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 50 kilometers ntawm ntug dej, immersion mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 5 meters. Nrog ib tug ceev ntawm 5 cov pob caus ntawd underwater cutter nce mus txog lais plav los yog av 60 ntawm retractable choj ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 100 meters los ntawm lub ntug dej. Thaum lub project tsis muaj ib tug yuav.

Kev ntseeg tau, lub sij hawm-mus soj ntsuam

Lub hiob submarine nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas hnub no yog nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam - ib tug submarine "SS 791 Bala Hai Shih" ( «Hiav txwv tsov"), ib tug subsidiary ntawm Taiwan Navy. American submarine nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, ua tau rau lub shipyard Portsmouth Naval chaw nres nkoj, nyob rau hauv 1945, txhab cov tub rog submarine lub US Navy. Nws muaj ib tug sib ntaus sib tua phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1945 nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Pacific. Tom qab ob peb hloov khoom dua tshiab, nyob rau hauv 1973 nws twb pauv mus rau Taiwan thiab Tuam Tshoj tau ua tus thawj khiav hauj lwm lub nkoj.

Nyob rau hauv Lub ib hlis ntuj 2017 cov xovxwm tshaj tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv 18 lub hlis ntawm npaj txij nkawm ntawm Shipyards Shipbuilding Corporation Taiwan International Shipbuilding Corporation «hiav txwv tsov ntxhuav" yuav tuav ib tug general kho thiab kev hloov ntawm navigational khoom. Cov hauj lwm yuav cuag lub submarine kev pab lub neej kom txog thaum 2026.

Qub Tub Rog US submarine ntau lawm, ib tug ntawm ib tug siab zoo, npaj rau kev mus nquam paj nquam nruas eightieth hnub yug nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua tsim.

Tsis tshua muaj neeg tragic tseeb

Qhib thiab pob tshab statistics rau casualties thiab xwm txheej nyob rau hauv lub submarine fleet ntawm lub tebchaws United States tsis tau. Txawm li cas los, tib yam yuav hais txog Russia. Cov lus tseeb tau ua rau pej xeem, yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tshooj no.

Nyob rau hauv 1963 ib tug ob-hnub xeem phiaj los nqis tes twb nrog kev tuag ntawm cov American submarine "Thresher". Cov hauj lwm ua ntawm qhov kev huam yuaj - lub khiav dej nyob rau hauv lub nkoj ntawm lub nkoj. Muffled immobilized submarine reactor, thiab nws tau mus rau lub qhov tob, noj lub neej ntawm 112 neeg coob neeg thiab 17 civilians. Lub wreckage ntawm ib tug submarine ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 2560 meters. Qhov no yog thawj hauj huam yuaj nuclear submarine.

Nyob rau hauv 1968, nyob rau hauv lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv zoo tsis muaj ib txoj lw multi-purpose nuclear submarine "Roob ris teb» (USS Roob ris teb). Cov hauj lwm version ntawm txoj kev tuag - lub av ntawm cov mos txwv. Tab sis qhov tsis tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej niaj hnub no, txoj kev tuag ntawm no txog ntsha. Nyob rau hauv 2015, US Navy qub tub rog tau ib zaug dua thov lub tsoom fwv rau tsim ib tug commission mus soj ntsuam qhov teeb meem, kom meej lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg raug thiab txiav txim seb lawv txoj cai.

Nyob rau hauv 1969, lub mas sinking ntawm lub submarine USS Guitarro kev coj tus kheej cov xov tooj 665. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub quay cov phab ntsa thiab ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 10 meters. Tsis muaj kev sib koom tes thiab negligence tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv calibration seev coj mus rau dej nyab. Lifting thiab es tej nkoj nquam nqi lub American neeg them nqi se txog 20 lab nyiaj daus las.

Nkoj chav kawm ntawv "Los Angeles", uas coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub filming ntawm "Lub Hunt rau Red Lub kaum hli ntuj", May 14, 1989 nyob ze ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm California, hooked ib tug cable txuas lub tug thiab barge. Lub nkoj nqa dhia dej zawm rau ib tug cab. Cov txheeb ze ntawm ib tug lub nkoj thauj neeg coob uas tuag hnub ntawd, tau txais nyiaj los ntawm cov rog hauv tus nqi ntawm cov $ 1.4 lab.